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Effects of Smoking on Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis

Primary Purpose

Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis, Smoking

Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Non-surgical periodontal therapy
Sponsored by
Ege University
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis focused on measuring Generalized aggressive periodontitis, Non-surgical periodontal therapy, Periodontopathogens, Smoking, Gingival crevicular fluid

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - 40 Years (Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Having at least six permanent teeth, including incisors and/or first molars with severe periodontal disease
  • Having at least one site with probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥5 mm and six teeth other than first molars and incisors with similar PD and CAL measurements
  • Familial aggregation

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Medical disorders such as diabetes mellitus, immunological disorders
  • Having an antibiotic or periodontal treatment in the last 6 months
  • Having <15 teeth

Sites / Locations

    Arms of the Study

    Arm 1

    Arm 2

    Arm Type

    Active Comparator

    Experimental

    Arm Label

    Non-smoker Group

    Smoker Group

    Arm Description

    This group included non-smoker generalized aggressive periodontitis patients.

    This group included smoker generalized aggressive periodontitis patients.

    Outcomes

    Primary Outcome Measures

    Change in Clinical Attachment Level (CAL)

    Secondary Outcome Measures

    Change in Probing Depth (PD)
    Change in Bleeding on Probing (BoP)
    Change in Plaque Index (PI)
    Changing of the salivary biomarkers
    In the morning following an overnight fast, during which subjects were requested not to drink (except water) or to chew gum, whole saliva samples were obtained by expectorating into polypropylene tubes; clinical periodontal measurements and any necessary periodontal interventions were then carried out. Cytokine levels were assessed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
    Changing of the serum biomarkers
    Nine milliliters of venous blood were taken from the antecubital vein by a standard venipuncture method and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 3,000 rpm, separating serum from the cells. Cytokine levels were assessed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
    Changing of the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers
    GCF samples were obtained from buccal aspects of one interproximal site in each quadrant. Supragingival plaque was removed carefully by sterile curettes; the surfaces were dried and isolated by cotton rolls. Filter paper strips were placed in the orifices of the gingival sulcus/pocket for 30 seconds. Care was used to avoid mechanical trauma, and strips contaminated with blood were discarded. The absorbed GCF volume was estimated by a calibrated instrument. The readings of GCF sample volumes were converted to an actual volume (μL) by reference to the standard curve. Cytokine levels were assessed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
    Changing of the amount of pathogen microorganisms
    Plaque samples were collected from the same sites by sterile paper points from the base of the pockets. Paper points were inserted into the deepest part of the pocket and kept for 5 seconds. Paper points were then placed into propylene tubes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for detection and quantification of bacterial cell copy numbers in 1 mg plaque.

    Full Information

    First Posted
    March 24, 2018
    Last Updated
    April 27, 2018
    Sponsor
    Ege University
    Collaborators
    University of Glasgow
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    1. Study Identification

    Unique Protocol Identification Number
    NCT03512938
    Brief Title
    Effects of Smoking on Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis
    Official Title
    Effects of Smoking on Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis
    Study Type
    Interventional

    2. Study Status

    Record Verification Date
    April 2018
    Overall Recruitment Status
    Completed
    Study Start Date
    June 23, 2014 (Actual)
    Primary Completion Date
    February 8, 2016 (Actual)
    Study Completion Date
    September 28, 2017 (Actual)

    3. Sponsor/Collaborators

    Responsible Party, by Official Title
    Principal Investigator
    Name of the Sponsor
    Ege University
    Collaborators
    University of Glasgow

    4. Oversight

    Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
    No
    Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
    No
    Data Monitoring Committee
    Yes

    5. Study Description

    Brief Summary
    Smoking is the major preventable risk factor in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. Periodontitis risk was found to be 3.9 times higher among smokers aged between 19-30 years and 2.8 times higher among smokers aged 31-40 years compared to non-smokers. Aggressive periodontitis (AgP), is characterized by a rapid attachment loss usually incompatible with the amount of plaque and dental calculus. It is often not possible to predict the prognosis of treatment with various treatment options in cases of aggressive periodontitis. It was hypothesized that non-smoker patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) will respond better to conventional mechanical non-surgical periodontal therapy compared to the smokers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on the outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment in terms of the clinical, biochemical and microbiological parameters.

    6. Conditions and Keywords

    Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
    Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis, Smoking
    Keywords
    Generalized aggressive periodontitis, Non-surgical periodontal therapy, Periodontopathogens, Smoking, Gingival crevicular fluid

    7. Study Design

    Primary Purpose
    Treatment
    Study Phase
    Not Applicable
    Interventional Study Model
    Parallel Assignment
    Masking
    None (Open Label)
    Allocation
    Non-Randomized
    Enrollment
    27 (Actual)

    8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

    Arm Title
    Non-smoker Group
    Arm Type
    Active Comparator
    Arm Description
    This group included non-smoker generalized aggressive periodontitis patients.
    Arm Title
    Smoker Group
    Arm Type
    Experimental
    Arm Description
    This group included smoker generalized aggressive periodontitis patients.
    Intervention Type
    Procedure
    Intervention Name(s)
    Non-surgical periodontal therapy
    Intervention Description
    Patients were motivated and instructed to brush with modified Bass technique and use interdental toothbrushes, dental floss. Each patient underwent quadrant scaling and root planning (SRP) under local anaesthesia over a 4-week period. Root planing (RP) was performed under local anaesthesia (2% lidocaine, epinephrine 1:100.000) and a standard curette set newly sharpened with Arkansas stone was used for each patient.
    Primary Outcome Measure Information:
    Title
    Change in Clinical Attachment Level (CAL)
    Time Frame
    Baseline and 1 month, 3 month, 6 month after non-surgical periodontal therapy
    Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
    Title
    Change in Probing Depth (PD)
    Time Frame
    Baseline and 1 month, 3 month, 6 month after non-surgical periodontal therapy
    Title
    Change in Bleeding on Probing (BoP)
    Time Frame
    Baseline and 1 month, 3 month, 6 month after non-surgical periodontal therapy
    Title
    Change in Plaque Index (PI)
    Time Frame
    Baseline and 1 month, 3 month, 6 month after non-surgical periodontal therapy
    Title
    Changing of the salivary biomarkers
    Description
    In the morning following an overnight fast, during which subjects were requested not to drink (except water) or to chew gum, whole saliva samples were obtained by expectorating into polypropylene tubes; clinical periodontal measurements and any necessary periodontal interventions were then carried out. Cytokine levels were assessed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
    Time Frame
    Baseline and 1 month, 3 month, 6 month after non-surgical periodontal therapy
    Title
    Changing of the serum biomarkers
    Description
    Nine milliliters of venous blood were taken from the antecubital vein by a standard venipuncture method and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 3,000 rpm, separating serum from the cells. Cytokine levels were assessed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
    Time Frame
    Baseline and 1 month, 3 month, 6 month after non-surgical periodontal therapy
    Title
    Changing of the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers
    Description
    GCF samples were obtained from buccal aspects of one interproximal site in each quadrant. Supragingival plaque was removed carefully by sterile curettes; the surfaces were dried and isolated by cotton rolls. Filter paper strips were placed in the orifices of the gingival sulcus/pocket for 30 seconds. Care was used to avoid mechanical trauma, and strips contaminated with blood were discarded. The absorbed GCF volume was estimated by a calibrated instrument. The readings of GCF sample volumes were converted to an actual volume (μL) by reference to the standard curve. Cytokine levels were assessed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
    Time Frame
    Baseline and 1 month, 3 month, 6 month after non-surgical periodontal therapy
    Title
    Changing of the amount of pathogen microorganisms
    Description
    Plaque samples were collected from the same sites by sterile paper points from the base of the pockets. Paper points were inserted into the deepest part of the pocket and kept for 5 seconds. Paper points were then placed into propylene tubes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for detection and quantification of bacterial cell copy numbers in 1 mg plaque.
    Time Frame
    Baseline and 1 month, 3 month, 6 month after non-surgical periodontal therapy

    10. Eligibility

    Sex
    All
    Minimum Age & Unit of Time
    18 Years
    Maximum Age & Unit of Time
    40 Years
    Accepts Healthy Volunteers
    No
    Eligibility Criteria
    Inclusion Criteria: Having at least six permanent teeth, including incisors and/or first molars with severe periodontal disease Having at least one site with probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥5 mm and six teeth other than first molars and incisors with similar PD and CAL measurements Familial aggregation Exclusion Criteria: Medical disorders such as diabetes mellitus, immunological disorders Having an antibiotic or periodontal treatment in the last 6 months Having <15 teeth

    12. IPD Sharing Statement

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    Effects of Smoking on Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis

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