Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy & Nivolumab for Recurrent or Second Primary Head & Neck Squamous Cell Cancer

This is an interventional treatment trial for Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Read More

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma or a second primary arising in a previously irradiated field
• Life expectancy of greater than 6 months
• Patients cannot have distant metastases and have to be candidates for curative re-irradiation
• Patients with salivary gland tumors are excluded (patients with nasopharynx or sinonasal cancers can participate)
• Patients with unresectable disease are eligible

• Patients who undergo surgical resection will be allowed regardless of human papilloma virus (HPV) status provided they have one of the following criteria:

  • Positive margins on pathology
  • Evidence of extracapsular spread on nodal pathology
  • Gross residual disease on postoperative or simulation imaging
  • N2/3 disease
  • T3/4 disease
  • Multifocal perineural invasion and/or lymphovascular space invasion
• The majority of the anticipated target volume (> 50%) must have been previously treated to ≥ 40 Gy; prior radiation therapy (RT) must have been completed > 6 months prior to initiation of IMRT reirradiation; if previous RT records are unavailable, investigators can estimate the dose to previously treated tissues based on completion notes or other treatment history
• An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score 0-2
• Granulocytes > 1500/mm³
• Platelets > 100,000/mm³
• Bilirubin < 1.5 mg/dl
• Creatinine < 1.5 mg/dl
• No other concurrent invasive malignancies treated for the past year (localized prostate cancer or early stage skin cancer are not exclusion criteria)
• Patients with carotid artery involvement or encasement will be allowed provided they have no symptoms related to carotid involvement
• No prior exposure to immunotherapy agents
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any known factors that would pose a contraindication to receiving nivolumab
• Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class III patients defined as those expected to begin reirradiation within 2 years of first course of radiation therapy AND are percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) dependent or have a tracheostomy (patients who have undergone total laryngectomy are not excluded)
• Patients with metastases
• Prior treatment with a programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor
• Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 7 days prior to enrollment
• Patients with primary salivary gland cancers are excluded
• Patients who have had chemotherapy or biological therapy within 4 weeks of registration
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, autoimmune disease requiring systemic steroids, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• Patients who are pregnant or breast-feeding
• Patients with known active human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis (hep) B, or hep C infection
• Subjects with a condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents) or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days of study drug administration; inhaled or topical steroids and adrenal replacement doses > 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease