Full-fat Yogurt and Glucose Tolerance

This is an interventional prevention trial for Pre-Diabetes focused on measuring Prediabetes, Glucose Tolerance, Bioactive fatty acids, Insulin sensitivity, Diet, Milk fat, Lipid metabolism, Inflammation markers, Fecal microbiota composition, Dairy Read More

Inclusion Criteria:

• Men and women and not expecting major lifestyle changes while on study
• Age 45-75
• Overweight and obesity (BMI 20-45 kg/m2)
• Stable body weight for the last 6 months (no more than a +/- 5% change)
• Diagnosis of prediabetes, defined as either impaired fasting glucose (fasting glucose: 100-125 mg/dL), impaired glucose tolerance (blood glucose levels of between: 140-199 mg/dL 2-hr post 75-g oral glucose tolerance test), and/or a hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) level ranging from 5.7% to 7.0% (if HbA1C above 6.4%, monotherapy of Metformin)
• Women: Post-Menopausal: no menses previous 12 mos.; Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) > 20 mIU/mL
• Consuming at least 25% of calories from fat (screening will be based an online fat screener:

http://nutritionquest.com/wellness/free-assessment-tools-for-individuals/fat-intake-screener/

• Normal cognition
• Read and understand English
• Have a telephone
• Willing to follow the study coordinator's/manager's and dietitian's instructions

Exclusion Criteria:

• Fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL, HbA1C ≥7.0% without monotheraoy of Metformin
• Subject with any chronic disease, inflammatory disease (e.g., asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease or inflammatory bowel disease) and previous diagnosis of HIV or hepatitis C
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women or women on hormone replacement therapy (for previous 3 months)
• Intolerance to dairy foods (i.e., lactose intolerance or protein allergy), food allergies, or significant food preferences, dietary restrictions (vegetarian, vegan lifestyle), or food aversions that would interfere with diet adherence
• History of a diagnosed eating disorder
• Known/diagnosed gastrointestinal problems (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, etc.)
• Antibiotics use during the past 6 months
• Habitual use of tobacco or controlled substances, and dietary supplements during the study and 1 month prior to the study
• On medically prescribed diets or following a diet (e.g., to lose weight) or use of obesity or weight-loss treatments such as dietary interventions or pharmacotherapy
• Chronic anti-inflammatory medications, or frequent use (>25% of the time) of over-the-counter medication including laxatives and antacids (subjects with occasional use of allergy or cold medicine, NSAIDS, acetaminophen, or aspirin will be recruited, but these drugs will not be permitted during the study, except for acute administration up to 3 days prior to the outcome variables).
• Waist circumference >40 inches in men and >35 inches in women
• Current diagnosis of uncontrolled hypertension (systolic BP: >160mmHg, diastolic BP: >95mmHg), (may receive treatment for hypertension as long as 1) on a stable regime for the previous 6 wk, and 2) no anticipated change while on the study)
• Untreated hyperlipidemia [may receive treatment for hyperlipidemia (statins) as long as 1) on a stable regime for the previous 6 wk, and 2) no anticipated change while on the study)
• Participation on regular basis in competitive sports or habitual aerobic exercise training, which we will arbitrarily define a consisting of > 3 bouts/wk of aerobic exercise (unable to speak comfortably) for more than 20 min
• Lifestyle or schedule incompatible with the study protocol
• Psychiatric or behavioral conditions that in the view of the principal investigator may present a safety hazard to the participant or interfere with study participation or the ability to follow the intervention protocol