Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee Replacement

Multiple Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Doses Can Reduce Postoperative Blood Loss and Improve the Functional Outcome in Total Knee Arthroplasty Without Tourniquet: a Randomized Controlled Study

Multiple intravenous Tranexamic Acid doses can reduce postoperative blood loss and improve the functional outcome in total knee arthroplasty without tourniquet: a randomized controlled study.

A total of 180 patients undergoing TKA for knee osteoarthritis were stratified in three equal groups. All surgeries were performed under spinal anesthesia, without tourniquet and patients should be in agreement with the established inclusion/exclusion criteria. Group A (60 patients) received 1g of IV TXA, Group B (60 patients) received an additional dose of IV TXA and Group C (60 patients) received three doses of IV TXA. The measured outcomes were the Hemoglobin (Hb) decrease, the transfusion rate, the functional, quality of life (QoL) and pain assessment based on their corresponding scoring system.

1 dose of IV TXA (15mg/kg) in 100-ml normal saline, 10 minutes before incision, administered during the induction of the anesthesia

1 dose of IV TXA (15mg/kg) in 100-ml normal saline, 10 minutes before incision and an additional dose of IV TXA (15mg/kg) in 100-ml normal saline 3 hours after skin incision

1 dose of IV TXA (15mg/kg) in 100-ml normal saline, before incision and two additional doses of IV TXA (15mg/kg) in 100-ml normal saline 3 and 6 hours after skin incision respectively

1 dose of IV TXA (15mg/kg) in 100-ml normal saline, 10 minutes before incision, administered during the induction of the anesthesia

1 dose of IV TXA (15mg/kg) in 100-ml normal saline, 10 minutes before incision and an additional dose of IV TXA (15mg/kg) in 100-ml normal saline 3 hours after skin incision

1 dose of IV TXA (15mg/kg) in 100-ml normal saline, before incision and two additional doses of IV TXA (15mg/kg) in 100-ml normal saline 3 and 6 hours after skin incision respectivel

Change in this Score which is an objective scoring system to rate the knee and patient's functional abilities such as walking and stair climbing before and after TKA. Maximum score is 100 (best functionality) and lowest score is 0 (worst functionality)

Change in this score which utilizes walking distance and stair climbing as the main parameters, with deduction for the use of a walking aid. Maximum score is 100 (best functionality) and lowest score is 0 (worst functionality)

Changes in this score which is a standardised measure of health status developed by the EuroQol Group in order to provide a simple, generic measure of health for clinical and economic appraisal. Crosswalk value sets for the EQ-5D-5L has been used to asses the results into numbers. Maximum score is 1 (which means best quality of life) and the lowest is -0.594(which means the worst quality of life)

The pain VAS is a continuous scale comprised of a horizontal (HVAS) or vertical (VVAS) line, usually 10 centimeters (100 mm) in length, anchored by 2 verbal descriptors, one for each symptom extreme. For pain intensity, the scale is most commonly anchored by "no pain" (score of 0) and "pain as bad as it could be" or "worst imaginable pain" (score of 10 [100-mm scale])

Inclusion Criteria: varus deformity less than 10o lack of extension not more than 10o flexion of at least 90o. Exclusion Criteria: uncontrolled medical diseases/comorbidities allergy and/or hypersensitivity to TXA a known history of thromboembolic disease, cardiovascular disease coronary or vascular stent placed within the past 12 months cerebral vascular disease (a history of stroke) subarachnoid hemorrhage preoperative coagulopathy (a platelet [PLT] count <150,000/mm3 or an international normalized ratio greater than 1.5 preoperative renal or hepatic dysfunction retinal vein or artery occlusion patients with anemia (<12 g/dL for female, <13 g/dL for male)

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