The Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Impairment of the Painful Post-Stroke Shoulder
Stroke

About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Stroke focused on measuring Electrical stimulation therapy, TENS, t-NMES, Stroke
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- at least 3 months post-stroke
- worst shoulder pain in the last week at least 4 on the 0-10 numerical rating scale,
- adequate cognitive ability to be able to rate their pain in the past week
Exclusion Criteria:
- history of tachyarrhythmia with decreased blood pressure
- uncontrolled seizures (defined as more than one per month)
- an implanted electrical device
- uncompensated hemi-neglect
Sites / Locations
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Experimental
TENS/t-NMES/No stimulation
TENS stimulation parameters were of a symmetric waveform, a frequency of 100 Hz, and a pulse duration of 300 microseconds (EMPI 300PVTM program PPR #7) applied for 10 seconds. t-NMES parameters were a symmetric waveform with 2 second ramp-up and 2 second ramp-down, a frequency of 35Hz, and a pulse duration of 300 microseconds (EMPI 300PVTM program PPR #3). The t-NMES current intensity was set by adjusting the amplitude to yield the strongest contraction of the underlying muscles without initiating pain. Device and electrodes remained in place but no stimulation was delivered over the 10 second interval. Exposed to each stimulation 3 times for each shoulder ROM.