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Effectiveness of Microcurrents Therapy in Pressure Ulcers in Elderly People

Primary Purpose

Electric Stimulation Therapy

Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Spain
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Care protocol plus microcurrents
Care protocol plus placebo microcurrents
Sponsored by
University of Castilla-La Mancha
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Electric Stimulation Therapy focused on measuring Electric Stimulation Therapy, Pressure Ulcer, Aged

Eligibility Criteria

60 Years - undefined (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults over 60 institutionalized in nursing homes.
  • Participants presenting pressure ulcers in phase II, III and IV according to the North American National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System and the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System.
  • Time of evolution of the pressure ulcer greater than 1 month and less than 24 months.
  • Ulcer size greater than 1 cm2.
  • Less than 14 points on the Braden scale.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of a pacemaker or any implanted electrical device.
  • Metal implants in the pressure ulcer area.
  • Pressure ulcer in occipital area.
  • Cancer.
  • Osteomyelitis.
  • 3 or more abnormal blood values at the beginning of the study that indicate a limited healing potential (anemia, iron deficiency, protein deficiency, dehydration, uncontrolled diabetes or hypothyroidism)
  • Allergies to the usual cures protocol established.
  • Systemic infection
  • Recent history (minimum of 30 days) of treatment with growth factors or vacuum-assisted treatment.

Sites / Locations

  • Juan Avendaño-Coy

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Experimental

Placebo Comparator

Arm Label

Care protocol plus microcurrents

Care protocol plus placebo microcurrents

Arm Description

Standardized protocol of nursing care: postural treatment plus standardized cure. Intervention with microcurrents: application of 2 electrodes (Mc Patch, Newmark USA) around the ulcer.

Standardized protocol of nursing care: postural treatment plus standardized cure. Placebo microcurrents: application of 2 electrodes (Mc Patch, Newmark USA) around the ulcer previously handled that do not emit current.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Ulcer healing 1 day before the intervention start
It will be evaluated with the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH). It was developed by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) to monitor the change in the status of pressure ulcers over time. The ulcer is categorized according to the surface area, exudate and type of wound tissue. A partial score is recorded for each of these ulcer characteristics: Surface area (in cm2): 10 points (0 points=0 cm2; 10 points= >24 cm2) Exudate amount: 3 points (0 points= none; 3 points=heavy). Tissue type: 4 points (0 points= closed; 4 points= necrotic tissue). To obtain the total score, the sub-scores are added. The minimum score is 0, which means that the ulcer is healed and the maximum score is 17, which means that the ulcer surface is greater than 24 cm2, that there is a heavy exudate and necrotic tissue. A comparison of total scores measured over time provides an indication of the improvement or deterioration in pressure ulcer healing.
Ulcer healing at 14 days
It will be evaluated with the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH). It was developed by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) to monitor the change in the status of pressure ulcers over time. The ulcer is categorized according to the surface area, exudate and type of wound tissue. A partial score is recorded for each of these ulcer characteristics: Surface area (in cm2): 10 points (0 points=0 cm2; 10 points= >24 cm2) Exudate amount: 3 points (0 points= none; 3 points=heavy). Tissue type: 4 points (0 points= closed; 4 points= necrotic tissue). To obtain the total score, the sub-scores are added. The minimum score is 0, which means that the ulcer is healed and the maximum score is 17, which means that the ulcer surface is greater than 24 cm2, that there is a heavy exudate and necrotic tissue. A comparison of total scores measured over time provides an indication of the improvement or deterioration in pressure ulcer healing.
Ulcer healing at 26 days
It will be evaluated with the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH). It was developed by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) to monitor the change in the status of pressure ulcers over time. The ulcer is categorized according to the surface area, exudate and type of wound tissue. A partial score is recorded for each of these ulcer characteristics: Surface area (in cm2): 10 points (0 points=0 cm2; 10 points= >24 cm2) Exudate amount: 3 points (0 points= none; 3 points=heavy). Tissue type: 4 points (0 points= closed; 4 points= necrotic tissue). To obtain the total score, the sub-scores are added. The minimum score is 0, which means that the ulcer is healed and the maximum score is 17, which means that the ulcer surface is greater than 24 cm2, that there is a heavy exudate and necrotic tissue. A comparison of total scores measured over time provides an indication of the improvement or deterioration in pressure ulcer healing.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Stage of pressure ulcer 1 day before the intervention start
According to the North American National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System and the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System
Stage of pressure ulcer at 14 days
According to the North American National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System and the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System
Stage of pressure ulcer at 26 days
According to the North American National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System and the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System
Ulcer depth 1 day before the intervention start
It will be registered in mm with a Swab, specimen collection. Deltalab, SL
Ulcer depth at 14 days
It will be registered in mm with a Swab, specimen collection. Deltalab, SL
Ulcer depth at 26 days
It will be registered in mm with a Swab, specimen collection. Deltalab, SL
Ulcer área 1 day before the intervention start
It will be registered in cm2 with the application for pressure ulcer management Mobile Wound Analyzer (MOWA) for IOS Version 1.7.2011. Developer: Bello Ciro (Italy)
Ulcer área at 14 days
It will be registered in cm2 with the application for pressure ulcer management Mobile Wound Analyzer (MOWA) for IOS Version 1.7.2011. Developer: Bello Ciro (Italy)
Ulcer área at 26 days
It will be registered in cm2 with the application for pressure ulcer management Mobile Wound Analyzer (MOWA) for IOS Version 1.7.2011. Developer: Bello Ciro (Italy)
Cutaneous blood flow in the area surrounding the pressure ulcer 1 day before the intervention start
It will be recorded in the greater side of the ulcer by cutaneous doppler laser flowmetry with a scale of 0-1000 units (model DRT4, Moor instruments, Devon, UK)
Cutaneous blood flow in the area surrounding the pressure ulcer at 14 days
It will be recorded in the greater side of the ulcer by cutaneous doppler laser flowmetry with a scale of 0-1000 units (model DRT4, Moor instruments, Devon, UK)
Cutaneous blood flow in the area surrounding the pressure ulcer at 26 days
It will be recorded in the greater side of the ulcer by cutaneous doppler laser flowmetry with a scale of 0-1000 units (model DRT4, Moor instruments, Devon, UK)
Pain caused by pressure ulcer 1 day before the intervention start: numerical scale
It will be assessed with the numerical scale of the pain that includes the values from 0 (absence of pain) to 10 (maximum pain)
Pain caused by pressure ulcer at 14 days: numerical scale
It will be assessed with the numerical scale of the pain that includes the values from 0 (absence of pain) to 10 (maximum pain)
Pain caused by pressure ulcer at 26 days: numerical scale
It will be assessed with the numerical scale of the pain that includes the values from 0 (absence of pain) to 10 (maximum pain)
Administration of analgesic drugs 1 day before the intervention start
The type of analgesic will be registered according to WHO therapeutic steps
Administration of analgesic drugs at 14 days
The type of analgesic will be registered according to WHO therapeutic steps
Administration of analgesic drugs at 26 days
The type of analgesic will be registered according to WHO therapeutic steps
Exudate culture of the ulcer 1 day before the intervention start
The presence of infection in the ulcer will be evaluated with a exudate culture
Exudate culture of the ulcer at 14 days
The presence of infection in the ulcer will be evaluated with a exudate culture
Exudate culture of the ulcer at 26 days
The presence of infection in the ulcer will be evaluated with a exudate culture
Administration of systemic antibiotics 1 day before the intervention start
The administration of antibiotics will be recorded
Administration of systemic antibiotics at 14 days
The administration of antibiotics will be recorded
Administration of systemic antibiotics at 26 days
The administration of antibiotics will be recorded
Blood pressure 1 day before the intervention start
The systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be recorded in mm/Hg with a tensiometer. It will be taken at rest, making 2 measurements separated by a 1-2 minute interval
Blood pressure at 14 days
The systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be recorded in mm/Hg with a tensiometer. It will be taken at rest, making 2 measurements separated by a 1-2 minute interval
Blood pressure at 26 days
The systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be recorded in mm/Hg with a tensiometer. It will be taken at rest, making 2 measurements separated by a 1-2 minute interval
Capillary blood glucose 1 day before the intervention start
It will be recorded in mg/dl with a glucometer, taking as a glycemia value the average of 2 measurements with an interval of 24 hours between each record
Capillary blood glucose at 14 days
It will be recorded in mg/dl with a glucometer, taking as a glycemia value the average of 2 measurements with an interval of 24 hours between each record
Capillary blood glucose at 26 days
It will be recorded in mg/dl with a glucometer, taking as a glycemia value the average of 2 measurements with an interval of 24 hours between each record

Full Information

First Posted
October 4, 2018
Last Updated
June 10, 2021
Sponsor
University of Castilla-La Mancha
Collaborators
Residencia Geriátrica San Diego, S.L., Residencia de Mayores Río Tajo ARTEVIDA. Centro Serviger Talavera
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT03753581
Brief Title
Effectiveness of Microcurrents Therapy in Pressure Ulcers in Elderly People
Official Title
Effectiveness of Microcurrents Therapy in Pressure Ulcers in Elderly People: Controlled and Randomized Triple Blind Clinical Trial
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
November 2018
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
October 31, 2018 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
June 10, 2021 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
June 10, 2021 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
University of Castilla-La Mancha
Collaborators
Residencia Geriátrica San Diego, S.L., Residencia de Mayores Río Tajo ARTEVIDA. Centro Serviger Talavera

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
Yes

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect on the healing of pressure ulcers in elderly people using a care protocol plus the application of microcurrent patches during 12 hours per day compared to the effect of the same protocol plus placebo electric stimulation.
Detailed Description
The design of this study is a multicentric, parallel, randomised, triple blind clinical trial with placebo control. The size of the sample will be 30 participants older than 60 years old who are institutionalized in some nursing homes in Spain.They will be randomized in two groups: control or experimental. The variables of the study will be collected at three time points: before the intervention, 14 days after the start of the intervention and at the end of the intervention. The statistical analysis will be an intention-to-treat analysis. For the main outcomes variables a two-factor ANOVA will-be performed (intervention-time) with a post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Electric Stimulation Therapy
Keywords
Electric Stimulation Therapy, Pressure Ulcer, Aged

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
ParticipantCare ProviderOutcomes Assessor
Masking Description
Masking of the researchers: the assignment of participants to the groups will be carried out by a researcher who will not apply the interventions and will not collect the outcome variables. The interventions will be carried out by researchers different from those who will perform the evaluations of the outcome variables. Masking of the participants: it will be done using the same electrodes and microcurrent devices in both groups. In the placebo stimulation, the device will emit a luminous signal of operation as well as the devices of the intervention group, however, it will be manipulated and tested with an oscilloscope to ensure that it does not emit microcurrents. The participants of both groups will not perceive any sensation of current, since the electrical stimulation with microcurrents is below the sensitive threshold.
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
30 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Care protocol plus microcurrents
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Standardized protocol of nursing care: postural treatment plus standardized cure. Intervention with microcurrents: application of 2 electrodes (Mc Patch, Newmark USA) around the ulcer.
Arm Title
Care protocol plus placebo microcurrents
Arm Type
Placebo Comparator
Arm Description
Standardized protocol of nursing care: postural treatment plus standardized cure. Placebo microcurrents: application of 2 electrodes (Mc Patch, Newmark USA) around the ulcer previously handled that do not emit current.
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
Care protocol plus microcurrents
Intervention Description
CARE NURSING PROTOCOL: postural treatment every 4 hours more standardized cure according to the guide of recommendations based on evidence in prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers in adults of Osakidetza health service. MICROCURRENTS: the electrodes will be placed on the edge of the dressing on the sides of the ulcer's longer length during 12 hours a day until the ulcer is completely healed or for a maximum of 25 days. Characteristics of microcurrents: pulsed monophasic rectangular wave with a pulse of 1.5 s and pause of 300 ms, voltage 21 mV and intensity 42μA with a current density of 4.2 μA.
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
Care protocol plus placebo microcurrents
Intervention Description
The same nursing care protocol described for the experimental group will be applied more 12 hours per day of 2 electrodes of microcurrents around the ulcer, which will be previously manipulated and tested with an oscilloscope so that they do not emit electrical currents
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Ulcer healing 1 day before the intervention start
Description
It will be evaluated with the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH). It was developed by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) to monitor the change in the status of pressure ulcers over time. The ulcer is categorized according to the surface area, exudate and type of wound tissue. A partial score is recorded for each of these ulcer characteristics: Surface area (in cm2): 10 points (0 points=0 cm2; 10 points= >24 cm2) Exudate amount: 3 points (0 points= none; 3 points=heavy). Tissue type: 4 points (0 points= closed; 4 points= necrotic tissue). To obtain the total score, the sub-scores are added. The minimum score is 0, which means that the ulcer is healed and the maximum score is 17, which means that the ulcer surface is greater than 24 cm2, that there is a heavy exudate and necrotic tissue. A comparison of total scores measured over time provides an indication of the improvement or deterioration in pressure ulcer healing.
Time Frame
1 day before the start of the intervention
Title
Ulcer healing at 14 days
Description
It will be evaluated with the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH). It was developed by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) to monitor the change in the status of pressure ulcers over time. The ulcer is categorized according to the surface area, exudate and type of wound tissue. A partial score is recorded for each of these ulcer characteristics: Surface area (in cm2): 10 points (0 points=0 cm2; 10 points= >24 cm2) Exudate amount: 3 points (0 points= none; 3 points=heavy). Tissue type: 4 points (0 points= closed; 4 points= necrotic tissue). To obtain the total score, the sub-scores are added. The minimum score is 0, which means that the ulcer is healed and the maximum score is 17, which means that the ulcer surface is greater than 24 cm2, that there is a heavy exudate and necrotic tissue. A comparison of total scores measured over time provides an indication of the improvement or deterioration in pressure ulcer healing.
Time Frame
At 14 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Ulcer healing at 26 days
Description
It will be evaluated with the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH). It was developed by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) to monitor the change in the status of pressure ulcers over time. The ulcer is categorized according to the surface area, exudate and type of wound tissue. A partial score is recorded for each of these ulcer characteristics: Surface area (in cm2): 10 points (0 points=0 cm2; 10 points= >24 cm2) Exudate amount: 3 points (0 points= none; 3 points=heavy). Tissue type: 4 points (0 points= closed; 4 points= necrotic tissue). To obtain the total score, the sub-scores are added. The minimum score is 0, which means that the ulcer is healed and the maximum score is 17, which means that the ulcer surface is greater than 24 cm2, that there is a heavy exudate and necrotic tissue. A comparison of total scores measured over time provides an indication of the improvement or deterioration in pressure ulcer healing.
Time Frame
At 26 days after the start of the intervention
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Stage of pressure ulcer 1 day before the intervention start
Description
According to the North American National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System and the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System
Time Frame
1 day before the start of the intervention
Title
Stage of pressure ulcer at 14 days
Description
According to the North American National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System and the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System
Time Frame
At 14 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Stage of pressure ulcer at 26 days
Description
According to the North American National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System and the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System
Time Frame
At 26 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Ulcer depth 1 day before the intervention start
Description
It will be registered in mm with a Swab, specimen collection. Deltalab, SL
Time Frame
1 day before the start of the intervention
Title
Ulcer depth at 14 days
Description
It will be registered in mm with a Swab, specimen collection. Deltalab, SL
Time Frame
At 14 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Ulcer depth at 26 days
Description
It will be registered in mm with a Swab, specimen collection. Deltalab, SL
Time Frame
At 26 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Ulcer área 1 day before the intervention start
Description
It will be registered in cm2 with the application for pressure ulcer management Mobile Wound Analyzer (MOWA) for IOS Version 1.7.2011. Developer: Bello Ciro (Italy)
Time Frame
1 day before the start of the intervention
Title
Ulcer área at 14 days
Description
It will be registered in cm2 with the application for pressure ulcer management Mobile Wound Analyzer (MOWA) for IOS Version 1.7.2011. Developer: Bello Ciro (Italy)
Time Frame
At 14 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Ulcer área at 26 days
Description
It will be registered in cm2 with the application for pressure ulcer management Mobile Wound Analyzer (MOWA) for IOS Version 1.7.2011. Developer: Bello Ciro (Italy)
Time Frame
At 26 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Cutaneous blood flow in the area surrounding the pressure ulcer 1 day before the intervention start
Description
It will be recorded in the greater side of the ulcer by cutaneous doppler laser flowmetry with a scale of 0-1000 units (model DRT4, Moor instruments, Devon, UK)
Time Frame
1 day before the start of the intervention
Title
Cutaneous blood flow in the area surrounding the pressure ulcer at 14 days
Description
It will be recorded in the greater side of the ulcer by cutaneous doppler laser flowmetry with a scale of 0-1000 units (model DRT4, Moor instruments, Devon, UK)
Time Frame
At 14 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Cutaneous blood flow in the area surrounding the pressure ulcer at 26 days
Description
It will be recorded in the greater side of the ulcer by cutaneous doppler laser flowmetry with a scale of 0-1000 units (model DRT4, Moor instruments, Devon, UK)
Time Frame
At 26 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Pain caused by pressure ulcer 1 day before the intervention start: numerical scale
Description
It will be assessed with the numerical scale of the pain that includes the values from 0 (absence of pain) to 10 (maximum pain)
Time Frame
1 day before the start of the intervention
Title
Pain caused by pressure ulcer at 14 days: numerical scale
Description
It will be assessed with the numerical scale of the pain that includes the values from 0 (absence of pain) to 10 (maximum pain)
Time Frame
At 14 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Pain caused by pressure ulcer at 26 days: numerical scale
Description
It will be assessed with the numerical scale of the pain that includes the values from 0 (absence of pain) to 10 (maximum pain)
Time Frame
At 26 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Administration of analgesic drugs 1 day before the intervention start
Description
The type of analgesic will be registered according to WHO therapeutic steps
Time Frame
1 day before the start of the intervention
Title
Administration of analgesic drugs at 14 days
Description
The type of analgesic will be registered according to WHO therapeutic steps
Time Frame
At 14 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Administration of analgesic drugs at 26 days
Description
The type of analgesic will be registered according to WHO therapeutic steps
Time Frame
At 26 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Exudate culture of the ulcer 1 day before the intervention start
Description
The presence of infection in the ulcer will be evaluated with a exudate culture
Time Frame
1 day before the start of the intervention
Title
Exudate culture of the ulcer at 14 days
Description
The presence of infection in the ulcer will be evaluated with a exudate culture
Time Frame
At 14 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Exudate culture of the ulcer at 26 days
Description
The presence of infection in the ulcer will be evaluated with a exudate culture
Time Frame
At 26 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Administration of systemic antibiotics 1 day before the intervention start
Description
The administration of antibiotics will be recorded
Time Frame
1 day before the start of the intervention
Title
Administration of systemic antibiotics at 14 days
Description
The administration of antibiotics will be recorded
Time Frame
At 14 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Administration of systemic antibiotics at 26 days
Description
The administration of antibiotics will be recorded
Time Frame
At 26 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Blood pressure 1 day before the intervention start
Description
The systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be recorded in mm/Hg with a tensiometer. It will be taken at rest, making 2 measurements separated by a 1-2 minute interval
Time Frame
1 day before the start of the intervention
Title
Blood pressure at 14 days
Description
The systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be recorded in mm/Hg with a tensiometer. It will be taken at rest, making 2 measurements separated by a 1-2 minute interval
Time Frame
At 14 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Blood pressure at 26 days
Description
The systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be recorded in mm/Hg with a tensiometer. It will be taken at rest, making 2 measurements separated by a 1-2 minute interval
Time Frame
At 26 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Capillary blood glucose 1 day before the intervention start
Description
It will be recorded in mg/dl with a glucometer, taking as a glycemia value the average of 2 measurements with an interval of 24 hours between each record
Time Frame
1 day before the start of the intervention
Title
Capillary blood glucose at 14 days
Description
It will be recorded in mg/dl with a glucometer, taking as a glycemia value the average of 2 measurements with an interval of 24 hours between each record
Time Frame
At 14 days after the start of the intervention
Title
Capillary blood glucose at 26 days
Description
It will be recorded in mg/dl with a glucometer, taking as a glycemia value the average of 2 measurements with an interval of 24 hours between each record
Time Frame
At 26 days after the start of the intervention
Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures:
Title
Effectiveness of blinding
Description
The participants, evaluators and those who apply the intervention will be asked if they know the research group to which the study subject belongs.
Time Frame
At 14 days after the start of the intervention

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
60 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Adults over 60 institutionalized in nursing homes. Participants presenting pressure ulcers in phase II, III and IV according to the North American National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System and the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel System. Time of evolution of the pressure ulcer greater than 1 month and less than 24 months. Ulcer size greater than 1 cm2. Less than 14 points on the Braden scale. Exclusion Criteria: Presence of a pacemaker or any implanted electrical device. Metal implants in the pressure ulcer area. Pressure ulcer in occipital area. Cancer. Osteomyelitis. 3 or more abnormal blood values at the beginning of the study that indicate a limited healing potential (anemia, iron deficiency, protein deficiency, dehydration, uncontrolled diabetes or hypothyroidism) Allergies to the usual cures protocol established. Systemic infection Recent history (minimum of 30 days) of treatment with growth factors or vacuum-assisted treatment.
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Juan Avendaño Coy, PhD
Organizational Affiliation
University of Castilla-La Mancha
Official's Role
Study Director
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Juan Avendaño-Coy
City
Toledo
ZIP/Postal Code
45071
Country
Spain

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
No

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Effectiveness of Microcurrents Therapy in Pressure Ulcers in Elderly People

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