Study of Systemic Impact of Trace Elements Release by Implantable Medical Devices. Identification of Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation (PROMETOX)

Study of Systemic Impact of Trace Elements Release by Implantable Medical Devices. Identification of Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation

Study of Systemic Impact of Trace Elements Release by Implantable Medical Devices. Identification of Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the systemic impact of salting out of trace elements (TE) by metallic and nonmetallic implantable medical devices (IMD) and in particular the immune response of the organism to these trace elements and of their target organs, and to identify circulating protein biomarkers which might indicate an evolution of inflammation caused by an IMD.

As secondary objectives, the study aims: to establish the norms of concentrations of free TE and nanoparticles for some forty of elements (in particular Chrome, Cobalt, Nickel, Titanium, Tantalum, Zirconium, Tungsten, Gold, Silver, Mercury, Molybdenum, Strontium ...) in different materials (blood, urine, hair and the viscera), with non-IMD holder subjects, before and after mineralization of these materials (dead patients and autopsied non-IMD holder subjects and subjects before placement of IMD. to evaluate the distribution of concentrations of metals in the same materials and in peri-prothetic environment with IMD holder subjects (dead autopsied patients), more often with no inflammatory sign, with possibility of some probably inflammatory IMD. to evaluate the parameters of distributions of concentrations of metals in same materials (with the exception of the viscera) with living IMD holder patients, with inflammatory reaction (during revision surgery). to define the most suitable material (accessibility, concentrations, absence of contamination) for follow-up and evolution of inflammation in order to determinate norms of studied metals concentration. to determinate proportion between different forms of circulation: particulate form (analysis after full mineralization) or free form (analysis without mineralization, permitting measurement of free forms), trace elements in organism.

Re-intervention surgery: blood, urine, hair, synovial fluid and peri-prosthetic tissue collections. 50 patients for re-intervention of hip prosthesis with friction couples of: ceramic-on-ceramic or metal-on-metal (25 patients by group)

Re-intervention surgery: blood, urine, hair, synovial fluid and peri-prosthetic tissue collections. 50 patients for re-intervention of hip prosthesis of stainless steel ball.

Re-intervention surgery: blood, urine, hair, synovial fluid and peri-prosthetic tissue collections. 50 inpatient subjects for re-intervention of knee prosthesis polyethylene-on-metal.

Before the initial prosthesis surgery: 30 patients Blood, urine, hair, synovial fluid and peri-prosthetic tissue collections will be done

All inpatient subjects: following samples will be collected during hospitalization: Twice blood and urine collections: at the beginning of hospitalization: 10 ml of blood + 5 ml of urine; at the end of hospitalization: 5 ml of blood + 5 ml of urine. Synovial fluid collection: 1 ml Peri-prosthetic tissue collection: about 1 cm3 Hair collection: a single hair of 0.5 cm diameter

Dead patients will be autopsied: hair, urine, blood, peri-prosthetic tissue and viscera (liver, kidney, spleen, brain, heart, lung) sampling for each autopsy.

Demonstration of systemic inflammation induced by the trace elements existing in IMD with blood and tissue criteria: 1/ A measure by flow cytometry to identify hyperactivated circulating mononuclear cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes), in contact with trace element nanoparticles and thus, to highlight an immunophenotype of this inflammation.

Identification of specific circulating proteins (biomarkers) of inflammation related to trace element release

Demonstration of systemic inflammation induced by the trace elements existing in IMD with blood and tissue criteria: 2/ A measure by multiplex LuminexTM (Bio-plex ProTM human inflammation panel, Bio-rad) to identify specific circulating proteins such as TNF, IFN, cytokines, chemokines, metalloproteins, related to activation of the cells of inflammation throughout release of particles and salting out of trace elements by IMD

Demonstration of systemic inflammation induced by the trace elements existing in IMD with blood and tissue criteria: - 3/ A macroscopic study of organs to determine the possible presence of tumor foci

Demonstration of systemic inflammation induced by the trace elements existing in IMD with blood and tissue criteria: - 4/ Cytopathological analysis on slides, after sampling, fixation, inclusion and staining with hematoxylin-eosin-saffron to evaluate semi-quantitatively the type of inflammation (chronic if mononuclear cells or acute if neutrophils) and degree according to the number of inflammatory cells

Trace elements dosing in liquids and tissue by high resolution ICP mass spectrometry in studied sub-population (autopsied IMD holder and non-holder dead subjects, IMD holder living patients with inflammatory reaction and will undergo re-intervention) and in each analyzed material in non-mineralized form, in order to determinate concentrations of free trace elements and after full mineralization to determinate the concentrations of trace elements in nanoparticle form.

Comparison of concentrations of 40 analyzed trace elements in different materials, depending on the groups.

Inclusion Criteria: Inpatient subjects for re-intervention of: hip prosthesis made by ceramic-on-ceramic or metal-on-metal, hip prosthesis made by stainless steel ball and knee prosthesis made by polyethylene-on-metal; Autopsied patients with and without IMD; Covered by a health insurance. Exclusion Criteria: Infection caused by prosthesis resumption; Professional exposure to metals; Patient under guardianship.