Thoracic Paravertebral Block Versus IV Fentanyl Infusion

Bilateral Continous Thoracic Paravertebral Block Versus IV Fentanyl Infusion For Perioperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Through Median Sternotomy

High-quality analgesia during and following cardiac surgery is infrequently obtained, Sternotomy and thoracotomy is associated with significant pain that resulte in hypoventilation, atelectasis, and hypoxemia,Pain management is rarley a priority in the immediate postoperative care of these patients, who frequently require mechanical ventilation in an intensive care environment

Paravertebral nerve blocks (PVBs) can provide excellent intraoperative anaesthetic and postoperative analgesic conditions with less side effects and fewer contraindications than central neural blocks,Bilateral PVB has been successfully used in the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions(12). Paravertebral analgesia is produced by placing local anaesthetic (LA) alongside the vertebral column, close to the exit of the spinal nerves(13).. Traditionally, profound intraoperative analgesia has been provided by using high doses of opioids to suppress hormonal and metabolic stress responses to surgical stimuli. This regimen resulted in improved morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery(14).

standard GA and receive fentanyl infusion 2 mcg/kg/h after tracheal intubation and stopped at the end of the operation ,When HR or MBP increased ≥20% from base line readings, incremental dose of fentanyl will be given (2mcg /kg).

Bilateral thoracic paraverteberal catheters will be inserted preoperative at level of T4 in order to block thoracic dermatomal levels from T3-T7 and 0.3ml/kg 0.25% bupivacaine bouls dose in each catheter maximum 20 ml in each catheter before induction and testing sensation bilaterally by pinprick and ice after 15-20min from injection then standard GA and after tracheal intubation continuous infusion of 0.1 ml /kg/h 0.25% bupivacaine in each catheter and stopped at the end of the operation , When HR or MBP increased ≥20% from base line readings, increamental dose of fentanyl will be given (2mcg /kg), the catheters will be removed after 24 h.

standard GA and receive fentanyl infusion 2 mcg/kg/h after tracheal intubation and stopped at the end of the operation ,When HR or MBP increased ≥20% from base line readings, incremental dose of fentanyl will be given (2mcg /kg).

The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of continuous bilateral thoracic paravertebral block and IV fentanyl infusion on perioperative pain in patients subjected to conventional cardiac surgery through median sternotomy

Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) will be assessed 1 hour after admitting the patient to the ICU, as base line reacord then every 4 hoursfor 24 hours

Inclusion Criteria: males and females patients scheduled for elective open heart surgery Exclusion Criteria: Patients with chest trauma, injuries to peripheries, unstable hemodynamics, sensitivity to local anesthetic drugs, infection at the operation site, renal or hepatic dysfunction, left ventricular dysfunction, coagulation abnormalities and patients on opioids