Back to resultsInternet-delivered Behaviour Therapy for Children and Adolescents With Tourette's Disorder
Primary Purpose
Tourette's Disorder, Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Sweden
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Exposure and response prevention (ERP)
Education on tics
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Tourette's Disorder focused on measuring Tourette syndrome, Tourette, Tics, Behavior therapy, ERP, Internet, Self-help
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Aged 9 to 17 years. Confirmed by the caregiver and subsequently by the patient record system TakeCare.
- A diagnosis of Tourette's Disorder or Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder, based on the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Confirmed by the assessor at the face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
- A Total Tic Severity Score (TTSS) of >15 (or >10 if only motor or vocal tics, but not both, have been present the last week) on the YGTSS. Confirmed by the assessor at the face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
- A minimum of one available caregiver (parent) to support the child/adolescent throughout the treatment. Confirmed by the caregiver at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
- Regular access to a desktop or laptop computer connected to the internet, with the ability to receive e-mails, as well as a mobile phone to receive SMS (one of each is enough per family). Confirmed by the caregiver at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Previous behaviour therapy for tics, for a minimum of eight sessions with a qualified therapist within the 12 months prior to assessment. Confirmed by the caregiver at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
- Simultaneous psychological treatment for Tourette's Disorder or Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder. Confirmed by the caregiver at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
- Initiation or adjustment of any psychotropic medication for Tourette's Disorder or Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder within the eight weeks prior to assessment. Confirmed by the caregiver at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
- A diagnosis of organic brain disorder, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, psychosis, bipolar disorder, anorexia nervosa, or alcohol/substance dependence. Confirmed by the assessor at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment, with help of information from the caregiver and the child/adolescent, and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) interview.
- Immediate risk to self or others, requiring urgent medical attention, such as suicidality, or self-injurious tics. Confirmed by the assessor at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
- Child or caregiver (parent) not able to read and communicate in Swedish. Confirmed by the caregiver or assessor at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
- A participant with a close relationship to the child/adolescent (e.g., sibling, cousin) has already been included in the trial.
Sites / Locations
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research Center, BUP Klinisk forskningsenhet
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm Type
Experimental
Active Comparator
Arm Label
Exposure and response prevention (ERP)
Education on tics
Arm Description
Therapist-guided and parent-guided internet-delivered exposure and response prevention (ERP)
Therapist-guided and parent-guided internet-delivered education on tics
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) Total Tic Severity Score (TTSS)
Change in tic severity (motor and/or vocal tics) (range 0-50 points) from week 0 (baseline) to week 10 (post-treatment), 3-month follow-up (after post-treatment), 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up. The primary endpoint is the 3-month follow-up. The TTSS can also be divided into separate severity scores for motor tics (range 0-25 points) and vocal tics (range 0-25 points). When summed, these two scores comprise the TTSS (range 0-50 points). A higher value represents a greater tic severity. Clinician-rated, semi-structured interview.
Secondary Outcome Measures
Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) Impairment
Impairment score (range 0-50 points) of the YGTSS. Used to assess tic specific impairment. Clinician-rated, semi-structured interview.
Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S)
Used to provide an overall rating of the tic disorder severity. Clinician-rated.
Clinical Global Impression - Improvement (CGI-I)
Used to assess global improvement. Clinician-rated. Treatment response in the trial is operationalised as scores of "very much improved" (1) or "much improved" (2) on the CGI-I.
Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS)
Used to assess global improvement. Clinician-rated.
internet intervention Patient Adherence Scale (iiPAS)
Used to assess the child/adolescent's adherence to the internet-delivered treatment. Clinician-rated.
Therapist platform time
Therapist platform time is automatically logged in the internet treatment platform. Separate data for children and parents.
Therapist telephone time
Therapist telephone time is manually logged in a spreadsheet throughout the trial. Separate data for children and parents.
Number of completed chapters in the internet treatment platform
Number of completed chapters is automatically logged in the internet treatment platform. Separate data for children and parents.
Number of logins to the internet treatment platform
Number of logins is automatically logged in the internet treatment platform. Separate data for children and parents.
Average time between logins to the internet treatment platform
Average time between logins is automatically logged in the internet treatment platform. Separate data for children and parents.
Average pages visited in the internet treatment platform
Average pages visited in the internet treatment platform. Separate data for children and parents.
Number of characters submitted in the internet treatment platform
Number of characters submitted in the internet treatment platform. Separate data for children and parents.
The Child and Adolescent Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale (C&A-GTS-QOL)
Used to assess disease-specific health-related quality of life. Two different versions will be used, one for participants aged 9-12, and one for participants aged 13-17. Child/adolescent-reported.
Short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire - child version (SMFQ) + additional suicide item
Used to assess depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Child/adolescent-reported.
Obsessive-compulsive inventory - child version (OCI-CV)
Used to assess obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Child/adolescent-reported.
Treatment credibility questionnaire
Questionnaire developed by the research team. Used to assess treatment credibility. Separate versions for the child/adolescent and the parent are used.
Working alliance inventory - child and parent versions (WAI-C and WAI-P )
Used to assess the child/adolescent/parent's perceived working alliance with their therapist. Separate versions for the child/adolescent and the parent are used.
Treatment satisfaction questionnaire
Questionnaire developed by the research team. Used to assess treatment satisfaction. Separate versions for the child/adolescent and the parent are used.
KIDSCREEN-10
Used to assess quality of life, with the intention to transform this data into quality adjusted lifetime years (QALYs). Separate versions for the child/adolescent and the parent are used.
Parent Tic Questionnaire (PTQ)
Used to assess tic severity. Parent-reported.
Short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire - parent version (SMFQ)
Used to assess depressive symptoms. Parent-reported.
Side effects questionnaire
Used to assess side effects/adverse events for the child/adolescent. Parent-reported.
Trimbos Questionnaire for Costs associated with Psychiatric Illness (TiC-P)
Used to assess healthcare and societal resource use. Parent-reported.
Full Information
NCT ID
NCT03916055
First Posted
April 4, 2019
Last Updated
August 22, 2022
Sponsor
Karolinska Institutet
Collaborators
Region Stockholm, Uppsala University
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT03916055
Brief Title
Internet-delivered Behaviour Therapy for Children and Adolescents With Tourette's Disorder
Official Title
Clinical and Cost-effectiveness of Internet-delivered Behaviour Therapy for Children and Adolescents With Tourette's Disorder: a Single-blind Randomised Controlled Trial
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
August 2022
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
April 26, 2019 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
September 20, 2021 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
June 29, 2022 (Actual)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Karolinska Institutet
Collaborators
Region Stockholm, Uppsala University
4. Oversight
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
Yes
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the clinical efficacy, 12-month durability, and cost-effectiveness of BIP TIC - a therapist-guided and parent-guided internet-delivered behavioural intervention for children and adolescents with Tourette's Disorder and Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder.
Detailed Description
Primary objective: To determine the clinical efficacy of BIP TIC (Andrén et al., 2019; a therapist-guided and parent-guided, internet-delivered behavioural intervention for Tourette's Disorder (TD) and Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder (PTD), for reducing tic severity (as measured by the primary outcome variable Yale Global Tic Severity Scale [YGTSS] Total Tic Severity Score [TTSS]) in children and adolescents with TD/PTD, compared with a control intervention (therapist-guided and parent-guided internet-delivered education on tics).
Secondary objectives: To establish the 12-month durability of the treatment effects, and to assess the cost-effectiveness of BIP TIC, compared with therapist-guided and parent-guided internet-delivered education on tics, from a societal perspective.
Type of trial: Single-blind parallel-group randomised controlled superiority trial.
Trial design and methods: All potential participants are initially screened via the telephone, or in some cases at the clinic. This is followed by an inclusion assessment conducted either at the clinic or via the videoconference software Zoom. Participants who are eligible and have consented will be randomised into one of two trial arms. In the experimental arm, participants receive 10 weeks of therapist-guided and parent-guided internet-delivered exposure and response prevention (ERP). In the control arm, participants receive 10 weeks of therapist-guided and parent-guided internet-delivered education on tics. Participants will complete outcome measures at baseline, mid-treatment (3 and 5 weeks post-baseline), post-treatment (10-weeks post-baseline) and 3, 6 and 12 months post-treatment. To allow for holidays or periods of sick leave, it is possible to extend the duration of the treatment from 10 to a maximum of 12 weeks (of which only 10 weeks will include therapist support). In these cases, the listed time frames in the "Outcome Measures" section will be extended with the equivalent number of weeks.
The primary outcome variable is the Total Tic Severity Score (TTSS) of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), and the primary endpoint is the follow-up 3-months post-treatment. For secondary outcomes, see section below. Follow-up assessments will be conducted at the clinic or via Zoom videoconference software, in both cases complemented with online questionnaires.
Planned trial sites: All assessments and delivery of treatment will be administrated from a single site in Stockholm, the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research Center. Several collaborating counties all across Sweden will assist on referring potential participants to the Stockholm site for inclusion in the trial.
Sample: 220 participants.
Statistical methodology and analysis: Data will be analysed using a pre-specified intention-to-treat statistical analysis plan.
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Tourette's Disorder, Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
Keywords
Tourette syndrome, Tourette, Tics, Behavior therapy, ERP, Internet, Self-help
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Model Description
Single-blind parallel-group randomised controlled superiority trial.
Masking
Outcomes Assessor
Masking Description
Assessors conducting post- and follow-up assessments will be blind to treatment allocation, for the full duration of the trial. At each follow-up assessment, participants will be reminded by their assessor to not reveal their arm allocation. To measure blinding integrity, all assessors will record whether the participating families inadvertently reveal their group allocation, and subsequently guess each participant's treatment allocation at each assessment point, and motivate their choice. If the treatment allocation is accidently revealed, that very part will be cut out of the video recording, and a new blind assessor will watch the video and conduct the assessment that will be used in the trial. Subsequent assessments for that participant will then be conducted by a different assessor (than the first one; blind to treatment allocation), where possible. The blinding will be broken after the trial's final participant has finished her/his 3-month follow-up assessment (primary endpoint).
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
221 (Actual)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
Exposure and response prevention (ERP)
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Therapist-guided and parent-guided internet-delivered exposure and response prevention (ERP)
Arm Title
Education on tics
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Therapist-guided and parent-guided internet-delivered education on tics
Intervention Type
Behavioral
Intervention Name(s)
Exposure and response prevention (ERP)
Other Intervention Name(s)
BIP TIC
Intervention Description
The intervention consists of 10 modules/chapters for children/adolescents, delivered over 10. Each of the 10 modules includes age-appropriate texts, animations and exercises. The intervention is primarily based on ERP techniques. During the treatment, participants are instructed to practice suppressing their tics, this is known as 'response prevention'. Then, with the help of their caregiver/parent, the participant is instructed to provoke premonitory urges (a sensation usually felt before a tic is expressed), while still suppressing tics, which is known as 'exposure'.
The parent is provided with her/his own separate login to the internet platform, which consists of 10 separate modules/chapters. The parent intervention consists mainly of information regarding parent coping strategies, social support and functional analysis relating to tics. Both the child/adolescent and the parent have individual access to the same therapist.
Intervention Type
Behavioral
Intervention Name(s)
Education on tics
Intervention Description
The active comparator is designed to match the experimental intervention in all aspects except for the module content (same platform, same treatment length, same therapist support etc.). The intervention consists mainly of psychoeducational information about TD/PTD and common comorbid conditions, and reviews the definition of tics, natural history, common presentations, prevalence, aetiology, risks and protective factors, strategies for describing tics to other people, among others. Problem-solving and development of expertise in tic disorders is emphasised. The intervention does not include any information on ERP or functional analysis and interventions.
As in the experimental intervention, the parent is provided with her/his own separate login to the internet platform. The parent intervention consists mainly of information regarding parent coping strategies and social support. Both the child and the parent have individual access to the same therapist.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) Total Tic Severity Score (TTSS)
Description
Change in tic severity (motor and/or vocal tics) (range 0-50 points) from week 0 (baseline) to week 10 (post-treatment), 3-month follow-up (after post-treatment), 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up. The primary endpoint is the 3-month follow-up. The TTSS can also be divided into separate severity scores for motor tics (range 0-25 points) and vocal tics (range 0-25 points). When summed, these two scores comprise the TTSS (range 0-50 points). A higher value represents a greater tic severity. Clinician-rated, semi-structured interview.
Time Frame
Baseline; week 10; 3-month follow-up; 6-month follow-up; 12-month follow-up.
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) Impairment
Description
Impairment score (range 0-50 points) of the YGTSS. Used to assess tic specific impairment. Clinician-rated, semi-structured interview.
Time Frame
Baseline; week 10; 3-month follow-up; 6-month follow-up; 12-month follow-up.
Title
Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S)
Description
Used to provide an overall rating of the tic disorder severity. Clinician-rated.
Time Frame
Baseline; week 10; 3-month follow-up; 6-month follow-up; 12-month follow-up.
Title
Clinical Global Impression - Improvement (CGI-I)
Description
Used to assess global improvement. Clinician-rated. Treatment response in the trial is operationalised as scores of "very much improved" (1) or "much improved" (2) on the CGI-I.
Time Frame
Week 10; 3-month follow-up; 6-month follow-up; 12-month follow-up.
Title
Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS)
Description
Used to assess global improvement. Clinician-rated.
Time Frame
Baseline; week 10; 3-month follow-up; 6-month follow-up; 12-month follow-up.
Title
internet intervention Patient Adherence Scale (iiPAS)
Description
Used to assess the child/adolescent's adherence to the internet-delivered treatment. Clinician-rated.
Time Frame
Mid-treatment (5 weeks post-baseline); week 10.
Title
Therapist platform time
Description
Therapist platform time is automatically logged in the internet treatment platform. Separate data for children and parents.
Time Frame
Week 10.
Title
Therapist telephone time
Description
Therapist telephone time is manually logged in a spreadsheet throughout the trial. Separate data for children and parents.
Time Frame
Week 10.
Title
Number of completed chapters in the internet treatment platform
Description
Number of completed chapters is automatically logged in the internet treatment platform. Separate data for children and parents.
Time Frame
Week 10.
Title
Number of logins to the internet treatment platform
Description
Number of logins is automatically logged in the internet treatment platform. Separate data for children and parents.
Time Frame
Week 10; 12-month follow-up.
Title
Average time between logins to the internet treatment platform
Description
Average time between logins is automatically logged in the internet treatment platform. Separate data for children and parents.
Time Frame
Week 10.
Title
Average pages visited in the internet treatment platform
Description
Average pages visited in the internet treatment platform. Separate data for children and parents.
Time Frame
Week 10.
Title
Number of characters submitted in the internet treatment platform
Description
Number of characters submitted in the internet treatment platform. Separate data for children and parents.
Time Frame
Week 10.
Title
The Child and Adolescent Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale (C&A-GTS-QOL)
Description
Used to assess disease-specific health-related quality of life. Two different versions will be used, one for participants aged 9-12, and one for participants aged 13-17. Child/adolescent-reported.
Time Frame
Baseline; week 10; 3-month follow-up; 6-month follow-up; 12-month follow-up.
Title
Short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire - child version (SMFQ) + additional suicide item
Description
Used to assess depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Child/adolescent-reported.
Time Frame
Baseline; mid-treatment (5 weeks post-baseline); week 10; 3-month follow-up; 6-month follow-up; 12-month follow-up.
Title
Obsessive-compulsive inventory - child version (OCI-CV)
Description
Used to assess obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Child/adolescent-reported.
Time Frame
Baseline; week 10; 3-month follow-up; 6-month follow-up; 12-month follow-up.
Title
Treatment credibility questionnaire
Description
Questionnaire developed by the research team. Used to assess treatment credibility. Separate versions for the child/adolescent and the parent are used.
Time Frame
Mid-treatment (3 weeks post-baseline).
Title
Working alliance inventory - child and parent versions (WAI-C and WAI-P )
Description
Used to assess the child/adolescent/parent's perceived working alliance with their therapist. Separate versions for the child/adolescent and the parent are used.
Time Frame
Mid-treatment (3 weeks post-baseline).
Title
Treatment satisfaction questionnaire
Description
Questionnaire developed by the research team. Used to assess treatment satisfaction. Separate versions for the child/adolescent and the parent are used.
Time Frame
3-month follow-up.
Title
KIDSCREEN-10
Description
Used to assess quality of life, with the intention to transform this data into quality adjusted lifetime years (QALYs). Separate versions for the child/adolescent and the parent are used.
Time Frame
Baseline; week 10; 3-month follow-up; 6-month follow-up; 12-month follow-up.
Title
Parent Tic Questionnaire (PTQ)
Description
Used to assess tic severity. Parent-reported.
Time Frame
Baseline; mid-treatment (5 weeks post-baseline); week 10; 3-month follow-up; 6-month follow-up; 12-month follow-up.
Title
Short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire - parent version (SMFQ)
Description
Used to assess depressive symptoms. Parent-reported.
Time Frame
Baseline; mid-treatment (5 weeks post-baseline); week 10; 3-month follow-up; 6-month follow-up; 12-month follow-up.
Title
Side effects questionnaire
Description
Used to assess side effects/adverse events for the child/adolescent. Parent-reported.
Time Frame
Baseline; mid-treatment (5 weeks post-baseline); week 10; 3-month follow-up.
Title
Trimbos Questionnaire for Costs associated with Psychiatric Illness (TiC-P)
Description
Used to assess healthcare and societal resource use. Parent-reported.
Time Frame
Baseline; week 10; 3-month follow-up; 6-month follow-up; 12-month follow-up.
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
9 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
17 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Aged 9 to 17 years. Confirmed by the caregiver and subsequently by the patient record system TakeCare.
A diagnosis of Tourette's Disorder or Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder, based on the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Confirmed by the assessor at the face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
A Total Tic Severity Score (TTSS) of >15 (or >10 if only motor or vocal tics, but not both, have been present the last week) on the YGTSS. Confirmed by the assessor at the face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
A minimum of one available caregiver (parent) to support the child/adolescent throughout the treatment. Confirmed by the caregiver at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
Regular access to a desktop or laptop computer connected to the internet, with the ability to receive e-mails, as well as a mobile phone to receive SMS (one of each is enough per family). Confirmed by the caregiver at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
Exclusion Criteria:
Previous behaviour therapy for tics, for a minimum of eight sessions with a qualified therapist within the 12 months prior to assessment. Confirmed by the caregiver at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
Simultaneous psychological treatment for Tourette's Disorder or Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder. Confirmed by the caregiver at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
Initiation or adjustment of any psychotropic medication for Tourette's Disorder or Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder within the eight weeks prior to assessment. Confirmed by the caregiver at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
A diagnosis of organic brain disorder, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, psychosis, bipolar disorder, anorexia nervosa, or alcohol/substance dependence. Confirmed by the assessor at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment, with help of information from the caregiver and the child/adolescent, and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) interview.
Immediate risk to self or others, requiring urgent medical attention, such as suicidality, or self-injurious tics. Confirmed by the assessor at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
Child or caregiver (parent) not able to read and communicate in Swedish. Confirmed by the caregiver or assessor at the telephone screening or/and face-to-face or videoconference inclusion assessment.
A participant with a close relationship to the child/adolescent (e.g., sibling, cousin) has already been included in the trial.
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
David Mataix-Cols, PhD
Organizational Affiliation
Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Karolinska Institutet
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research Center, BUP Klinisk forskningsenhet
City
Stockholm
ZIP/Postal Code
113 30
Country
Sweden
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
30772854
Citation
Andren P, Aspvall K, Fernandez de la Cruz L, Wiktor P, Romano S, Andersson E, Murphy T, Isomura K, Serlachius E, Mataix-Cols D. Therapist-guided and parent-guided internet-delivered behaviour therapy for paediatric Tourette's disorder: a pilot randomised controlled trial with long-term follow-up. BMJ Open. 2019 Feb 15;9(2):e024685. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024685.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
35969401
Citation
Andren P, Holmsved M, Ringberg H, Wachtmeister V, Isomura K, Aspvall K, Lenhard F, Hall CL, Davies EB, Murphy T, Hollis C, Sampaio F, Feldman I, Bottai M, Serlachius E, Andersson E, Fernandez de la Cruz L, Mataix-Cols D. Therapist-Supported Internet-Delivered Exposure and Response Prevention for Children and Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Aug 1;5(8):e2225614. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.25614.
Results Reference
derived
PubMed Identifier
34593015
Citation
Andren P, Fernandez de la Cruz L, Isomura K, Lenhard F, Hall CL, Davies EB, Murphy T, Hollis C, Sampaio F, Feldman I, Bottai M, Serlachius E, Andersson E, Mataix-Cols D. Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet-delivered behaviour therapy for children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome: study protocol for a single-blind randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2021 Sep 30;22(1):669. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05592-z. Erratum In: Trials. 2022 Jun 30;23(1):541.
Results Reference
derived
Links:
URL
https://www.bup.se/om-oss/forskning-och-utveckling/barninternetprojektet/pagaende-studier/bip-tic/
Description
Trial web page
Learn more about this trial
Internet-delivered Behaviour Therapy for Children and Adolescents With Tourette's Disorder
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