Evaluation of Safety, Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of Fractional-dose Inactivated Polio Vaccine (fIPV) Given Intradermally With Double Mutant Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Heat Labile Toxin (dmLT) Adjuvant
Primary Purpose
Polio
Status
Completed
Phase
Phase 1
Locations
United States
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
dmLT
fIPV
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional prevention trial for Polio focused on measuring inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), fractional-dose inactivated polio vaccine (fIPV), double mutant [LT(R192G/L211A)] Enterotoxigenic E coli heat toxin (dmLT)
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adult male or female age 18-45 years, inclusive
- Signed informed consent form prior to initiation of any study activity
- Good general health as determined by review of medical history and physical exam
- Agrees to complete all study visits and procedures for the duration of the study
- Receipt of childhood vaccine series of Inactivated Polio Vaccine with verification of immunization record. American College of Immunization Practices (AICP) required that OPV use be discontinued by January 2000. Therefore, polio vaccines given after January 2000 in the U.S. are known to be IPV. If the documentation is unclear of the type of polio vaccine given between 1998 and 2000, additional confirmation of the type should be attempted to determine eligibility.
- Agrees to storage of specimens for future research
- Females of child bearing potential only: willing to use effective contraception from the following reliable methods through the first 28 days of the study: hormonal birth control, condoms with spermicide, diaphragm with spermicide, surgical sterilization, and intrauterine device. All female subjects will be considered as having childbearing potential except for those who have had a hysterectomy or tubal ligation or have no internal female organs. Transgender men who have internal female organs will be considered of childbearing potential and should be willing to use effective contraception during the trial. Exception: females who have sex with females (exclusively) and have no intention of conceiving a child during the study will not be required to use contraception.
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of receipt of any oral polio vaccine. Subjects will be required to present their childhood immunization record during the screening process. Subjects will be excluded if the immunization record indicates receipt of any dose of oral polio vaccine or if only 'polio vaccine' is listed on the record without specifying whether oral or inactivated polio vaccine was administered.
- Currently lactating, breastfeeding or pregnant.
- Clinical laboratory values ≥ Grade 2 on hematology or comprehensive metabolic panel, as defined in this protocol.
- Febrile illness (≥38.0°C (100.4°F) or acute gastroenteritis within 48 hours prior to administration of IP
- History of antimicrobial treatment in the 2 weeks before administration of IP
- Receipt of a live vaccine within 28 days or a killed vaccine within 14 days prior to inoculation, or anticipated receipt of any vaccine during the 28 days following inoculation.
- History of a severe allergic reaction or anaphylaxis
- History of Guillian-Barre Syndrome
- Known history of hypersensitivity to any component of IPV to include: 2-phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde, neomycin, streptomycin, and polymyxin B
- Self-reported or suspected immunodeficiency, or receipt of immunosuppressive therapy within the preceding 6 months, or long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy. An immunosuppressive dose of corticosteroids (excluding topical or nasal) is defined as >10 mg of prednisone equivalent per day for >14 days.
- Asplenia
- Receipt of blood products within the past 6 months, including transfusions or immunoglobulin, or anticipated receipt of any blood products or immunoglobulins during the 28 days following inoculation
- Anticipated receipt of any investigational agent in the 28 days before or after receipt of investigational product
- Abnormal routine bowel habits as defined by fewer than three stools per week in the past 6 months
- Regular use (weekly or more often) of laxatives, anti-diarrheal, anti-constipation, or antacid therapy
- Evidence of clinically significant neurologic, cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, rheumatologic, autoimmune, or renal disease based on history and physical exam. This includes any chronic medical condition (examples include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular and renal diseases).
- Behavioral, cognitive, or psychiatric disease that, in the opinion of the investigator, affects the subject's ability to understand and cooperative with the requirements of the study protocol.
- Any other condition that, in the opinion of the study clinician, would jeopardize the safety or rights of a subject participating
Sites / Locations
- University of Vermont
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm Type
Experimental
Active Comparator
Arm Label
fIPV-dmLT
fIPV
Arm Description
fractional-dose inactivated polio vaccine (fIPV) given intradermally with double mutant [LT(R192G/L211A)] Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat labile toxin (dmLT) adjuvant
fractional-dose inactivated polio vaccine (fIPV) given intradermally
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
frequency of systemic and local injection (safety and reactogenicity)
frequency of systemic and local injection site adverse reactions (ARs) defined as vaccine-related adverse events (AEs), graded by severity
Secondary Outcome Measures
percentage of subjects with at least one serious adverse event (secondary-safety)
percentage of subjects with at least one serious adverse event (SAE) occurring within 28 days of dosing will be summarized with severity, relationship to vaccine, and outcome
Systemic immunogenicity
Proportion of participants showing at least a 4-fold boost in polio-specific serum neutralizing antibodies compared to baseline (Day 0) in fIPV-dmLT recipients vs. fIPV alone
Full Information
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT03922061
Brief Title
Evaluation of Safety, Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of Fractional-dose Inactivated Polio Vaccine (fIPV) Given Intradermally With Double Mutant Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Heat Labile Toxin (dmLT) Adjuvant
Official Title
Phase I Evaluation of the Safety, Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of Fractional-dose Inactivated Polio Vaccine (fIPV) Given Intradermally With Double Mutant [LT(R192G/L211A)] Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Heat Labile Toxin (dmLT) Adjuvant
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
August 2020
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
March 19, 2019 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
July 18, 2019 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
June 4, 2020 (Actual)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
University of Vermont
4. Oversight
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
Yes
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
No
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
Polio is a serious disease that can cause paralysis and death. It is caused by a virus and can be prevented by vaccine. The World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Polio Eradication Initiative is trying to get rid of all polio disease around the world. Researchers want to help by testing a new vaccine.
In many countries, people are vaccinated with oral polio vaccine (OPV) given by mouth during childhood. OPV is good at giving immunity (protection from polio) in the body and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Immunity in the GI tract is called mucosal immunity. The downsides of using OPV are that it can be shed into the environment in people's feces after vaccination where it can infect people who are not vaccinated, and it can cause paralysis in 2-4 of every one million children vaccinated with OPV. The United States (U.S.) stopped giving any OPV to people for vaccinations in the 1990's. Since then, a polio vaccine called inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is given as an injection for routine childhood immunizations in the U.S. You cannot get polio infection from IPV and it will not be shed into the environment.
In 2016, the WHO started a plan to help other countries gradually get rid of OPV. The downside of using IPV by itself is that, unlike OPV, it doesn't give enough mucosal immunity to protect people living in places where there is still polio. There are also supply shortages of IPV, which is a problem if there are outbreaks of polio. For the supply of IPV to help more people, it is safe and effective to use a tiny dose of IPV injected under the top layer of skin (intradermal or ID injection) rather than getting the full dose in the muscle. This is called a fractional dose of IPV, or fIPV.
To help stop using OPV globally, a better fIPV vaccine is needed. fIPV vaccine needs a substance to help stimulate a mucosal immune response. dmLT is a substance that has been shown to stimulate a mucosal immune response. It has been shown to be safe and effective in both humans and animals, both by itself and when given with other vaccines.
This study will test a mixture of fIPV-dmLT given intradermally (under the outer layer of the skin). This is the first study done in humans to give this combination intradermally. The IPV vaccine has already been approved by the FDA. The fIPV-dmLT vaccine has not been approved by the FDA.
Detailed Description
This single site study conducted at The University of Vermont will enroll 30 healthy male and female adult volunteers aged 18-45 years with no history of oral polio vaccination for a Phase I randomized controlled double-blind trial evaluating the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a single dose of fIPV-dMLT versus a single dose of fIPV administered intradermally. Study volunteers will be screened with eligible volunteers enrolled who will randomized to receive a single dose of fIPV-dmLT or fIPV (2:1) on study day 0. The primary study objective is to determine the safety and reactogenicity of a single dose of adjuvanted fIPV-dmLT vaccine in healthy adults, as assessed by the frequency of systemic and local injection site adverse reactions (ARs) defined as vaccine-related adverse events (AEs), graded by severity, occurring within 28 days of dosing. Secondary objectives are to determine the safety of a single dose of adjuvanted fIPV-dmLT vaccine in healthy adults, as assessed by the percentage of subjects with at least one vaccine-related serious adverse event (SAE) occurring within 28 days of dosing. In addition, the systemic immune response to a single dose of vaccine in healthy adults, as assessed by poliovirus-specific serum neutralizing antibody responses in fIPV-dmLT recipients versus fIPV only recipients will be examined.
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Polio
Keywords
inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), fractional-dose inactivated polio vaccine (fIPV), double mutant [LT(R192G/L211A)] Enterotoxigenic E coli heat toxin (dmLT)
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Prevention
Study Phase
Phase 1
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
ParticipantCare ProviderInvestigatorOutcomes Assessor
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
29 (Actual)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
fIPV-dmLT
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
fractional-dose inactivated polio vaccine (fIPV) given intradermally with double mutant [LT(R192G/L211A)] Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat labile toxin (dmLT) adjuvant
Arm Title
fIPV
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
fractional-dose inactivated polio vaccine (fIPV) given intradermally
Intervention Type
Biological
Intervention Name(s)
dmLT
Intervention Description
double mutant [LT(R192G/L211A)] Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat labile toxin (dmLT)
Intervention Type
Biological
Intervention Name(s)
fIPV
Intervention Description
fractional-dose inactived polio vaccine
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
frequency of systemic and local injection (safety and reactogenicity)
Description
frequency of systemic and local injection site adverse reactions (ARs) defined as vaccine-related adverse events (AEs), graded by severity
Time Frame
Events occuring within 28 days of dosing
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
percentage of subjects with at least one serious adverse event (secondary-safety)
Description
percentage of subjects with at least one serious adverse event (SAE) occurring within 28 days of dosing will be summarized with severity, relationship to vaccine, and outcome
Time Frame
Events occuring within 28 days of dosing
Title
Systemic immunogenicity
Description
Proportion of participants showing at least a 4-fold boost in polio-specific serum neutralizing antibodies compared to baseline (Day 0) in fIPV-dmLT recipients vs. fIPV alone
Time Frame
Any timepoint up to day 28 post-vaccination
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
45 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Adult male or female age 18-45 years, inclusive
Signed informed consent form prior to initiation of any study activity
Good general health as determined by review of medical history and physical exam
Agrees to complete all study visits and procedures for the duration of the study
Receipt of childhood vaccine series of Inactivated Polio Vaccine with verification of immunization record. American College of Immunization Practices (AICP) required that OPV use be discontinued by January 2000. Therefore, polio vaccines given after January 2000 in the U.S. are known to be IPV. If the documentation is unclear of the type of polio vaccine given between 1998 and 2000, additional confirmation of the type should be attempted to determine eligibility.
Agrees to storage of specimens for future research
Females of child bearing potential only: willing to use effective contraception from the following reliable methods through the first 28 days of the study: hormonal birth control, condoms with spermicide, diaphragm with spermicide, surgical sterilization, and intrauterine device. All female subjects will be considered as having childbearing potential except for those who have had a hysterectomy or tubal ligation or have no internal female organs. Transgender men who have internal female organs will be considered of childbearing potential and should be willing to use effective contraception during the trial. Exception: females who have sex with females (exclusively) and have no intention of conceiving a child during the study will not be required to use contraception.
Exclusion Criteria:
History of receipt of any oral polio vaccine. Subjects will be required to present their childhood immunization record during the screening process. Subjects will be excluded if the immunization record indicates receipt of any dose of oral polio vaccine or if only 'polio vaccine' is listed on the record without specifying whether oral or inactivated polio vaccine was administered.
Currently lactating, breastfeeding or pregnant.
Clinical laboratory values ≥ Grade 2 on hematology or comprehensive metabolic panel, as defined in this protocol.
Febrile illness (≥38.0°C (100.4°F) or acute gastroenteritis within 48 hours prior to administration of IP
History of antimicrobial treatment in the 2 weeks before administration of IP
Receipt of a live vaccine within 28 days or a killed vaccine within 14 days prior to inoculation, or anticipated receipt of any vaccine during the 28 days following inoculation.
History of a severe allergic reaction or anaphylaxis
History of Guillian-Barre Syndrome
Known history of hypersensitivity to any component of IPV to include: 2-phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde, neomycin, streptomycin, and polymyxin B
Self-reported or suspected immunodeficiency, or receipt of immunosuppressive therapy within the preceding 6 months, or long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy. An immunosuppressive dose of corticosteroids (excluding topical or nasal) is defined as >10 mg of prednisone equivalent per day for >14 days.
Asplenia
Receipt of blood products within the past 6 months, including transfusions or immunoglobulin, or anticipated receipt of any blood products or immunoglobulins during the 28 days following inoculation
Anticipated receipt of any investigational agent in the 28 days before or after receipt of investigational product
Abnormal routine bowel habits as defined by fewer than three stools per week in the past 6 months
Regular use (weekly or more often) of laxatives, anti-diarrheal, anti-constipation, or antacid therapy
Evidence of clinically significant neurologic, cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, rheumatologic, autoimmune, or renal disease based on history and physical exam. This includes any chronic medical condition (examples include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular and renal diseases).
Behavioral, cognitive, or psychiatric disease that, in the opinion of the investigator, affects the subject's ability to understand and cooperative with the requirements of the study protocol.
Any other condition that, in the opinion of the study clinician, would jeopardize the safety or rights of a subject participating
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Kelly Cowan, M.D.
Organizational Affiliation
University of Vermont
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Beth Kirkpatrick, M.D.
Organizational Affiliation
University of Vermont
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
University of Vermont
City
Burlington
State/Province
Vermont
ZIP/Postal Code
05405
Country
United States
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Plan to Share IPD
No
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
35367069
Citation
Crothers JW, Ross Colgate E, Cowan KJ, Dickson DM, Walsh M, Carmolli M, Wright PF, Norton EB, Kirkpatrick BD. Intradermal fractional-dose inactivated polio vaccine (fIPV) adjuvanted with double mutant Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat labile toxin (dmLT) is well-tolerated and augments a systemic immune response to all three poliovirus serotypes in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Vaccine. 2022 Apr 26;40(19):2705-2713. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.056. Epub 2022 Mar 30. Erratum In: Vaccine. 2022 May 31;40(25):3481.
Results Reference
derived
Learn more about this trial
Evaluation of Safety, Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of Fractional-dose Inactivated Polio Vaccine (fIPV) Given Intradermally With Double Mutant Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Heat Labile Toxin (dmLT) Adjuvant
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