Change From Baseline in Symptoms Questionnaire (SANDE) Scores for Severity vs Week 4 - Full Analysis Set
The SANDE (symptom assessment in dry eye) score is composed by two questions presented in visual analog scale. The two questions assess the frequency and severity of dry eye syndrome. The global score is calculated by taking the square root of the product of the severity of symptoms per the frequency of symptoms. The SANDE scale ranges from 0 to 100 with 100 being the maximal amount of dry eye symptoms and 0 being the minimal amount of dry eye symptoms.
Change From Baseline in Symptoms Questionnaire (SANDE) Scores for Severity vs Week 4 - Per Protocol Set
The SANDE (symptom assessment in dry eye) score is composed by two questions presented in visual analog scale. The two questions assess the frequency and severity of dry eye syndrome. The global score is calculated by taking the square root of the product of the severity of symptoms per the frequency of symptoms. The SANDE scale ranges from 0 to 100 with 100 being the maximal amount of dry eye symptoms and 0 being the minimal amount of dry eye symptoms.
Change From Baseline in Symptoms Questionnaire (SANDE) Scores for Frequency vs Week 4 - Full Analysis Set
The SANDE (symptom assessment in dry eye) score is composed by two questions presented in visual analog scale. The two questions assess the frequency and severity of dry eye syndrome.The SANDE global score is calculated by taking the square root of the product of the frequency of symptoms and the severity of symptoms. The SANDE scale ranges from 0 to 100 wi.100 being the maximal amount of dry eye symptoms and 0 being the minimal amount of dry eye symptoms
Change From Baseline in Symptoms Questionnaire (SANDE) Scores for Frequency vs Week 4 - Per Protocol Set
The SANDE (symptom assessment in dry eye) score is composed by two questions presented in visual analog scale. The two questions assess the frequency and severity of dry eye syndrome. The SANDE score is calculated by taking the square root of the product of the frequency of symptoms score. The SANDE scale ranges from 0 to 100 wi.100 being the maximal amount of dry eye symptoms and 0 being the minimal amount of dry eye symptoms.
Change From Baseline in Schirmer II Test (With Anesthesia) vs Week 4 - Full Analysis Set
The Schirmer II test is performed as the Schirmer I test after instilling anesthetic drops. The Schirmer strips are inserted into the lower conjunctival sac at the junction of the lateral and middle thirds, avoiding touching the cornea, and the length of wetting strips in millimeters is recorded after 5 minutes. All patients are seated at rest with their eyes closed, and the lower cul-de-sac is gently dried with a cotton applicator before the placement of strips.
Cut-off values:
<5 mm - pathologic dry eye 5-10 mm - marginal dry eye >10 and <30 mm - normal secretion
Change From Baseline in Schirmer II Test (With Anesthesia) vs Week 4 - Per Protocol Set
The Schirmer II test is performed as the Schirmer I test after instilling anesthetic drops. The Schirmer strips are inserted into the lower conjunctival sac at the junction of the lateral and middle thirds, avoiding touching the cornea, and the length of wetting strips in millimeters is recorded after 5 minutes.
All patients are seated at rest with their eyes closed, and the lower cul-de-sac is gently dried with a cotton applicator before the placement of strips.
Cut-off values:
<5 mm - pathologic dry eye 5-10 mm - marginal dry eye >10 and <30 mm - normal secretion
Change From Baseline in Corneal and Conjunctiva Vital Staining With Fluorescein (National Eye Institute [NEI] Scales) vs Week 4 - Full Analysis Set
Corneal staining total score is defined as the sum of scores from 5 corneal areas: Central, Superior, Temporal, Nasal, and Inferior. The score for each area ranges from 0 to 3 where grade 0 reflects normal/healthy situation, whereas grade 3 reflects a severe damage. Thus, the corneal staining total score can range from 0 to 15 where the higher the score the worse is the outcome.
The conjunctiva is divided into a superior paralimbal area, an inferior paralimbal area and a peripheral area with a grading scale of 0-3 where grade 0 reflects normal/healthy situation, whereas grade 3 reflects a severe damage and with a maximal score of 9 for the nasal and temporal conjunctiva. Thus, the conjunctival staining total score can range from 0 to 18 where the higher the score the worse is the outcome.
Corneal and conjunctiva vital staining total score is the sum of corneal staining total score and conjunctiva total score.
Change From Baseline in Corneal and Conjunctiva Vital Staining With Fluorescein (National Eye Institute [NEI] Scales) vs Week 4 - Per Protocol Set
Corneal staining total score is defined as the sum of scores from 5 corneal areas: Central, Superior, Temporal, Nasal, and Inferior. The score for each area ranges from 0 to 3 where grade 0 reflects normal/healthy situation, whereas grade 3 reflects a severe damage. Thus, the corneal staining total score can range from 0 to 15 where the higher the score the worse is the outcome.
The conjunctiva is divided into a superior paralimbal area, an inferior paralimbal area and a peripheral area with a grading scale of 0-3 where grade 0 reflects normal/healthy situation, whereas grade 3 reflects a severe damage and with a maximal score of 9 for the nasal and temporal conjunctiva. Thus, the conjunctival staining total score can range from 0 to 18 where the higher the score the worse is the outcome.
Corneal and conjunctiva vital staining total score is the sum of corneal staining total score and conjunctiva total score.
Change From Baseline in Tear Film Break-Up Time (TFBUT) vs Week 4 - Full Analysis Set
Tear film break-up time (TFBUT) is the time taken to appear first dry spot on cornea after a complete blinking. TFBUT measurement is an easy and fast method used to assess the stability of tear film. It is a standard diagnostic procedure in the dry eye clinics. TFBUT is measured by determining the time to tear break-up. The TFBUT is performed after instillation of 5 μL of 2% preservative-free sodium fluorescein solution into the inferior conjunctival cul-de-sac of each eye. The patient is instructed to blink several times to thoroughly mix the fluorescein with the tear film.
A TFBUT greater than 15 seconds is considered normal, while a break time of less than 10 seconds is to be considered pathological.
Change From Baseline in Tear Film Break-Up Time (TFBUT) vs Week 4 - Per Protocol Set
Tear film break-up time (TFBUT) is the time taken to appear first dry spot on cornea after a complete blinking. TFBUT measurement is an easy and fast method used to assess the stability of tear film. It is a standard diagnostic procedure in the dry eye clinics. TFBUT is measured by determining the time to tear break-up. The TFBUT is performed after instillation of 5 μL of 2% preservative-free sodium fluorescein solution into the inferior conjunctival cul-de-sac of each eye. The patient is instructed to blink several times to thoroughly mix the fluorescein with the tear film.
A TFBUT greater than 15 seconds is considered normal, while a break time of less than 10 seconds is to be considered pathological.
Number of Patients Who Experienced a Worsening in Symptom Scores (SANDE) and/or NEI Score ≥ 50% Assessed at Week 4 - Full Analysis Set
The SANDE score is calculated by taking the square root of the product of the severity of symptoms score. The SANDE scale ranges from 0 to 100 with 100 being the maximal amount of dry eye symptoms and 0 being the minimal amount of dry eye symptoms.
The NEI/Industry Workshop guidelines are used for grading the scale of corneal and conjunctival damage.
The cornea is divided into five sectors (central, superior, inferior, nasal and temporal), each of which is scored on a scale of 0-3, with a maximal total corneal staining score of 15.
Both nasally and temporally, the conjunctiva is divided into a superior paralimbal area, an inferior paralimbal area, and a peripheral area with a grading scale of 0-3 and with a maximal total score of 9 for the nasal and temporal conjunctiva (overall the total score ranged from 0-18).
Briefly, grade 0 reflects normal/healthy situation, whereas grade 3 reflects a severe damage in the considered sector.
Number of Patients Who Experienced a Worsening in Symptom Scores (SANDE) and/or NEI Score ≥ 50% Assessed at Week 4 - Per Protocol Set
The SANDE score is calculated by taking the square root of the product of the severity of symptoms score. The SANDE scale ranges from 0 to 100 with 100 being the maximal amount of dry eye symptoms and 0 being the minimal amount of dry eye symptoms.
The NEI/Industry Workshop guidelines are used for grading the scale of corneal and conjunctival damage.
The cornea is divided into five sectors (central, superior, inferior, nasal and temporal), each of which is scored on a scale of 0-3, with a maximal total corneal staining score of 15.
Both nasally and temporally, the conjunctiva is divided into a superior paralimbal area, an inferior paralimbal area, and a peripheral area with a grading scale of 0-3 and with a maximal total score of 9 for the nasal and temporal conjunctiva (overall the total score ranged from 0-18).
Briefly, grade 0 reflects normal/healthy situation, whereas grade 3 reflects a severe damage in the considered sector.
Change From Baseline in Quality of Life (Impact of Dry Eye on Everyday Life (IDEEL) Questionnaire vs Different Timepoints - Full Analysis Set
IDEEL assesses quality of life, symptoms and treatment effects on patients with dry eye.
The IDEEL contains 3 modules (Daily Activities, Treatment Satisfaction, and Symptom Bother) with a total of 57 questions.
The Daily Activities Module is the quality of life instrument. It is comprised of 27 items.
The IDEEL Treatment Satisfaction and Bother Module is divided into 2 sections, Treatment - In General and Treatment - Eye Drops.
The Symptom Bother Module consists of 20 items in a single content domain, Symptom Bother.
Scores for each dimensions ranged from 0 to 100.
Higher scores for:
dimension of the Dry Eye Impact on Daily Life module indicates less impact on daily activities;
symptom-bother dimension indicates greater bother due to symptoms;
satisfaction with Treatment Effectiveness dimension indicates greater satisfaction with treatment effectiveness;
treatment-related bother/inconvenience indicates less treatment-related bother or inconvenience.
Change From Baseline in Quality of Life (Impact of Dry Eye on Everyday Life (IDEEL) Questionnaire vs Different Timepoints - Per Protocol Set
IDEEL assesses quality of life, symptoms and treatment effects on patients with dry eye.
The IDEEL contains 3 modules (Daily Activities, Treatment Satisfaction, and Symptom Bother) with a total of 57 questions.
The Daily Activities Module is the quality of life instrument. It is comprised of 27 items.
The IDEEL Treatment Satisfaction and Bother Module is divided into 2 sections, Treatment - In General and Treatment - Eye Drops.
The Symptom Bother Module consists of 20 items in a single content domain, Symptom Bother.
Scores for each dimensions ranged from 0 to 100.
Higher scores for:
dimension of the Dry Eye Impact on Daily Life module indicates less impact on daily activities;
symptom-bother dimension indicates greater bother due to symptoms;
satisfaction with Treatment Effectiveness dimension indicates greater satisfaction with treatment effectiveness;
treatment-related bother/inconvenience indicates less treatment-related bother or inconvenience.
Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) - Full Analysis Set
PGIC is a commonly used method of assessing clinically important change. With PGIC the qualitative assessment of meaningful change is determined by the patient on 7-items using a 0 (very much improved) to 10 (very much worse) scale.
Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) - Per Protocol Set
PGIC is a commonly used method of assessing clinically important change. With PGIC the qualitative assessment of meaningful change is determined by the patient on 7-items using a 0 (very much improved) to 10 (very much worse) scale.
Change From Baseline in EQ-5D-3L Questionnaire to Different Timepoints - Full Analysis Set
EQ-5D is a standardised measure of health status. - The EQ-5D 3 level version (EQ-5D-3L) consists of the EQ-5D descriptive system and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) which are summed up.
The EQ-5D-3L descriptive system comprises 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. This scale ranges from 5 (best case) to 15 (worst case).
Each dimension has 3 levels: no problems, some problems, extreme problems (labelled 1-3). The respondent must indicate his/her health state by ticking (or placing a cross) in the box against the most appropriate statement in each of the 5 dimensions.
- The EQ VAS records the respondent's self-rated health on a vertical, visual analogue scale where the endpoints are labelled 'Best imaginable health state' and 'Worst imaginable health state'. This is a quantitative measure of health outcome, judged by each respondent.
Both for total and partial scores, the higher the score, the worse is the outcome.
Change From Baseline in EQ-5D-3L Questionnaire to Different Timepoints - Per Protocol Set
EQ-5D is a standardised measure of health status. - The EQ-5D 3 level version (EQ-5D-3L) consists of the EQ-5D descriptive system and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) which are summed up.
The EQ-5D-3L descriptive system comprises 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. This scale ranges from 5 (best case) to 15 (worst case).
Each dimension has 3 levels: no problems, some problems, extreme problems (labelled 1-3). The respondent must indicate his/her health state by ticking (or placing a cross) in the box against the most appropriate statement in each of the 5 dimensions.
- The EQ VAS records the respondent's self-rated health on a vertical, visual analogue scale where the endpoints are labelled 'Best imaginable health state' and 'Worst imaginable health state'. This is a quantitative measure of health outcome, judged by each respondent.
Both for total and partial scores, the higher the score, the worse is the outcome.