Neurofeedback In Treatment Resistant Depression
Depression, Neurofeedback
About this trial
This is an interventional supportive care trial for Depression focused on measuring Treatment-resistant depression, Neurofeedback, Functional recovery
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Diagosis with MDD according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria for MDD, and especially treatment-resistant MDD (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAM-D] score ⩾14) despite adequate antidepressant therapy)
Exclusion Criteria:
- Psychosis
- Bipolar disorder
- Brain injury
- Clinically diagnosed neurological disorder
- Convulsive disorder
- Pregnancy
Sites / Locations
- Yeungnam University Hospital
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Experimental
Active Comparator
No Intervention
neurofeedback augmentation group
medication-only (treatment as usual, TAU) group
healthy controls
The neurofeedback augmentation group was asked to participate in 12 weeks of combined therapy of medication and 12-24 sessions of neurofeedback training. The neurofeedback protocol was determined considering the patient's main symptoms. Patients in the neurofeedback augmentation group received sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) beta or beta training for 30 minutes, and then alpha/theta (A/T) training for 30 minutes in each session.
To reduce the impact of confounding factors, the medication-only (treatment as usual, TAU) group visited at the same schedule as neurofeedback augmentation group and received psychotherapy placebo sessions instead of neurofeedback training sessions. These sessions included psychological assessment and supportive psychotherapy. The medication-only (treatment as usual, TAU) group maintained the same medication use as that before the study.
The healthy controls provided blood samples using the same procedure at baseline only.