Optimisation of Mechanical Insufflation:Exsufflation (MIE2)

Investigating Methods to Improve Secretion Clearance Using Mechanical Insufflation:Exsufflation in Patients With Neuromuscular Disease.

Patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMD) can suffer from a range of respiratory problems due to respiratory muscle weakness. Cough muscle weakness means secretion clearance from the airways can be problematic, a source of infection, and importantly a cause of death, in this patient group. Therefore, these patients are often supported with devices to aid clearance, such as mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MIE). Although evidence supports the use of these devices, the optimal technique or settings on the device are not clear. Increasingly, higher pressures are used during MIE and recent work has demonstrated that there may be a physiological benefit to this. However, higher pressures increase the risk of causing lung collapse and may cause detriment to blood flow back to the heart, which is important as NMD patients frequently have concurrent heart muscle weakness. Further, recent work has demonstrated that higher pressures can cause closure of the throat, which is counter-productive in secretion clearance. The overall aim of this study is to investigate methods to manipulate MIE to improve secretion clearance in patients with NMD. The questions it seeks to answer are: (i) how can we maximally improve lung recruitment during inspiration, whilst maintaining patient comfort and lower pressures (ii) what is the smallest pressure difference required in expiration to achieve an improvement in cough (iii) do these proposed changes to MIE also cause throat closure (iv) what factors do patients believe contribute to their adherence to MIE therapy? Patients with slowly progressive or stable neuromuscular diseases will be included in the study. Participation will involve two visits to the Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, each lasting approximately four hours. Patients will be recruited from specialist neuromuscular respiratory clinics by their clinical teams.

Patient will receive different inspiratory time and expiratory time, and inspiratory flow at a fixed insufflation pressure. To determine how best to recruit lung.

Patient will receive different expiratory pressures at a fixed inspiratory pressure (optimal determine in Arm 1). To determine minimum flow bias needed to generate cPEF

Patients will receive different inspiratory (Ti) and expiratory (Te) times and inspiratory flows, at a fixed insufflation and exsufflation pressure. Optimum insufflation pressure will be determined by measuring maximal inspiratory capacity.

Inclusion Criteria: Stable or slowly progressive neuromuscular disease Respiratory muscle weakness (FVC <60%, snip <60%, sleep disordered breathing) Clinical evidence of respiratory secretions or cough peak expiratory flow <270 and history of lower respiratory tract infection Documented clinical stability by supervising clinician Exclusion Criteria: Rapidly progressive neuromuscular disease (such as motor neuron disease) Decompensated respiratory failure (pH < 7.35) Pregnancy Aged <18 Change in ventilator settings in preceding 4 weeks Significant physical or psychiatric co-morbidity that would prevent compliance with trial protocol