Evaluation of the Color Change of the Laser and Chemical Vital Whitening Method in the Teeth
Primary Purpose
Color; Change Teeth, Posteruptive
Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Turkey
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Laser Bleaching
Chemical Bleaching
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional other trial for Color; Change Teeth, Posteruptive focused on measuring Vital Bleaching, Color measurement, spectrophotometer
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Systemically healthy individuals
- Non-smokers
- Those who do not consume more than three cups of tea / coffee per day
- No devital and / or restorated teeth in the upper anterior six teeth
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pregnancy
- Patient with hypersensitivity
- Patient with crack, exposed dentin
- Patients with dental caries
- Patient who have gingival recession
Sites / Locations
- Beyza Ünalan Değirmenci
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Active Comparator
Arm Label
Laser Bleaching
Chemical Bleaching
Arm Description
35% Hydrogen peroxide, potassium nitrate, sodium fluoride, sodium hydroxide, thickener, glycol derivative containing bleaching agent activated with diode laser
35% Hydrogen peroxide, thickener, plant extracts, amide, release agent, glycol, paint and water containing chemical bleaching agent used for control group without a laser activation
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
Color change according to CIE Lab system
Before and after the bleaching procedure color of the maxillary anterior teeth were measured based on CIE Lab system with a spectrophotometer and digital photography machine.
Color change according to CIE Lab system
Before and after the bleaching procedure color of the maxillary anterior teeth were measured based on CIE Lab system with a spectrophotometer and digital photography machine.
Secondary Outcome Measures
Evaluation of the Procedural Sensitivity Levels
After the related bleaching procedure, operator wanted to evaluate sensitivity levels of the patients according to visual analogue scale.
Evaluation of the Procedural Sensitivity Levels
After the related bleaching procedure, operator wanted to evaluate sensitivity levels of the patients according to visual analogue scale.
Full Information
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT04305483
Brief Title
Evaluation of the Color Change of the Laser and Chemical Vital Whitening Method in the Teeth
Official Title
Evaluation of the Color Change of the Laser and Chemical Vital Whitening Method in the Teeth
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
March 2020
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
December 1, 2013 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
February 24, 2014 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
March 13, 2014 (Actual)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Yuzuncu Yıl University
4. Oversight
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
No
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
Having an aesthetic smile has become very common among patients today. Recent studies have shown that people aged 18-49 want to have whiter and brighter teeth. The demand for whitening has increased by 300% in the last 5 years. New materials and equipment have been developed to meet this demand, and various whitening techniques have been developed for use at home and in clinical practice. Determination of color in dentistry; It can be divided into two categories with the help of visual and computer-aided devices. Eye color determination is the most widely used method during the construction of a indirect restoration. The evaluation of tooth color by eye is quite subjective. Physiological variables such as external light source, experience, age and human eye fatigue, color blindness cause inadequate results. Due to interpersonal detection differences during color perception, the lack of standardization in the determination of tooth color can be improved with the use of computer-aided devices such as spectroradiometer, spectrophotometer, colorimeter and with the help of film-based photographs and digital photographs. Spectrophotometric approach; the point of view is interesting, as it allows for an objective application, regardless of the practitioner's experience. The color selection made with the use of these devices provides a potential advantage over the color selection made with the eye. Because these measurements are objective, can be counted and can be obtained faster. Although widespread uses of computer aided colorimeters and spectrophotometers have been reported in dental studies, most devices are not suitable for routine clinical use. Color analysis with these computer-aided devices may cause inaccurate results especially in the evaluation of translucent objects such as teeth. Therefore, a combination using both eyes and devices should be used.
Detailed Description
Tooth color; It is formed by the combination of enamel, dentin and pulp with different optical properties. Tooth coloring is divided into two as etiological, internal and external. External colorants can be removed simply by cleaning. Removal of intrinsic coloring is possible with chemical bleaching. In the treatment of tooth coloring, whitening is considered the least aggressive method.
Due to the increasing interest in aesthetics in recent years, patients' demands for teeth whitening have increased. Home-bleaching technique, developed by Haywood and Heymann in 1989, has been the most frequently used method until recently. In this method, the bleaching agent contains 10% hydrogen peroxide. For 2-5 weeks, whitening is performed by placing the gel in a plate by the patient every night. The advantages of this method are that it is easy to apply, low cost, use of lower rates of hydrogen peroxide, and less time spent in the clinic. However, the disadvantages are that the whitening process is not under the control of the physician, the patient does not apply the whitening gel regularly, and the procedure takes several weeks. Office-bleaching technique has been developed in order to make the bleaching process more controlled, to ensure color stability and to shorten the time. This technique, which contains a high concentration of (15-38%) hydrogen peroxide, is activated by heat or light sources. These sources include plasma arc, LED, UV lamps and laser. However, there is no consensus on the effectiveness of heat and light sources used in tooth whitening.
The light sources used during bleaching are expected to increase the effectiveness of the bleaching and shorten the processing time. Among these, plasma arc and diode lasers have a wide range of uses. Laser teeth whitening method has been applied for about 15 years and many laser devices have been recommended for this procedure. It is expected that the treatment time will decrease and the sensitivity that may occur in the teeth will decrease as a result of laser application. However, the superiority of laser bleaching compared to other methods is still controversial.
External root resorption and irritation in soft tissues can be observed during the teeth whitening, even if in a small amount. It is stated that the sensitivity of teeth after the procedure is the most common complication by some researchers, but disappears by itself after the end of the bleaching process.
The purpose of aesthetic applications in dentistry; morphological, optical and biological compatibility. Tooth color is one of the most important criteria of aesthetics. Clinically, two different methods are used in color selection. The first, visual method, includes evaluation with the naked eye. The second method is colorimeter, spectrophotometer etc. is the use of devices that measure color. During clinical applications, color selection of dental materials is done by using visual scales. Color selection by visual method is both subjective and difficult; it can also lead to inadequate results. During color selection, erroneous results may occur due to parameters such as ambient light, physician's experience and age, and eye fatigue.
Due to these existing disadvantages, systems such as spectrophotometers, colorimeters, digital color meters have been launched to assist the physician in color selection. In dentistry, spectrophotometers and colorimeters are used to overcome problems related to color selection with the eye. Although the visual method is used more in the selection of colors by clinicians, it is stated that the color measurements made by using the visual method and spectrophotometer together are quite successful.
Color is formed by the merge of wavelengths in a light beam. In order for an object to be visible, it must emit light or reflect light from a light source. From the point of view of dentistry, the property of objects to reflect the incoming light is more important. The incoming light usually consists of a mixture of various wavelengths, that is, it has a polychromatic feature. When light comes on an object, it absorbs certain wavelengths and reflects certain wavelengths. The human eye can distinguish light between wavelengths of 400-700 nμ. Nerve responses play a big role in the appearance of color. As a result of attached stimulation, the eye gets tired and the reaction of the eye decreases. Color separation is a subjective issue.
The first color specification was proposed by CIE in 1931. Although this system was developed in the following years, its principles have still not changed. CIE system uses 3 variables, X, Y and Z. These variables are based on the spectral response functions defined by the CIE observer. The CIE chromaticity diagram is also used to define the exact color. In another CIE color system, three variables are used: L *, a * and b *.
The spectrophotometer is a photometric appliance that is used to measure the transmittance, reflection and true absorption of color. They contain prisms or dispersing parts to create a continuous color line in their structure. Spectrophotometric color measurements may vary depending on the light source used and the measurement mode. Some spectrophotometers can be used according to two different measurement modes: Specular Component Included (SCI) and Excluded (SCE). Many types of standard light source are also used for color measurement of dental materials. These devices give three stimulus values x, y, z or CIE L *, a *, b *. These values can be converted into numerical values and color variables of different objects can be compared.
The aim of the study is to compare the color change caused by laser-activated and chemically activated vital whitening systems with two different evaluation methods (digital camera and spectrophotometer). In this way, a comparison of the effectiveness of both the whitening systems and the reliability of the evaluation methods will be made. It is also aimed to determine the sensitivity of the teeth that may occur during and after bleaching.
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Color; Change Teeth, Posteruptive
Keywords
Vital Bleaching, Color measurement, spectrophotometer
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Other
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
Investigator
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
40 (Actual)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
Laser Bleaching
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
35% Hydrogen peroxide, potassium nitrate, sodium fluoride, sodium hydroxide, thickener, glycol derivative containing bleaching agent activated with diode laser
Arm Title
Chemical Bleaching
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
35% Hydrogen peroxide, thickener, plant extracts, amide, release agent, glycol, paint and water containing chemical bleaching agent used for control group without a laser activation
Intervention Type
Procedure
Intervention Name(s)
Laser Bleaching
Intervention Description
Content; There are 35% hydrogen peroxide, potassium nitrate, sodium fluoride, sodium hydroxide, thickener, glycol derivative. The way of application; Gingival protection is applied. The gel is applied to the labial surfaces of the teeth with a thickness of 1-2 mm. The use of laser increases the effectiveness of the gel. Operator and patient use protective glasses during laser application. The gel shows its effectiveness in about eight minutes. Then the gel is removed with the help of saliva absorber. The procedure is repeated until the desired degree of whitening is achieved. Then it is checked with a color scale.
Intervention Type
Procedure
Intervention Name(s)
Chemical Bleaching
Intervention Description
"Total Blanc Office Teeth Whitening System (H35)" will be used as chemical whitening agent. Content; There are 35% hydrogen peroxide, thickener, plant extracts, amide, release agent, glycol, paint and water. Method of Application; Gingival protection is applied. A 1 mm thick layer of gel is applied to all of the labial surfaces of the tooth. The whitening agent remains on the tooth surface for 20 minutes. At the end of this period, the gel is removed with saliva absorber and the surface is cleaned with a moist gauze.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Color change according to CIE Lab system
Description
Before and after the bleaching procedure color of the maxillary anterior teeth were measured based on CIE Lab system with a spectrophotometer and digital photography machine.
Time Frame
Immediately after procedure
Title
Color change according to CIE Lab system
Description
Before and after the bleaching procedure color of the maxillary anterior teeth were measured based on CIE Lab system with a spectrophotometer and digital photography machine.
Time Frame
After 2 weeks
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Evaluation of the Procedural Sensitivity Levels
Description
After the related bleaching procedure, operator wanted to evaluate sensitivity levels of the patients according to visual analogue scale.
Time Frame
Immediately after procedure
Title
Evaluation of the Procedural Sensitivity Levels
Description
After the related bleaching procedure, operator wanted to evaluate sensitivity levels of the patients according to visual analogue scale.
Time Frame
After 2 weeks
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
90 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Systemically healthy individuals
Non-smokers
Those who do not consume more than three cups of tea / coffee per day
No devital and / or restorated teeth in the upper anterior six teeth
Exclusion Criteria:
Pregnancy
Patient with hypersensitivity
Patient with crack, exposed dentin
Patients with dental caries
Patient who have gingival recession
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Beyza Ünalan Değirmenci
City
Van
ZIP/Postal Code
65080
Country
Turkey
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Plan to Share IPD
No
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
22395767
Citation
Hahn P, Schondelmaier N, Wolkewitz M, Altenburger MJ, Polydorou O. Efficacy of tooth bleaching with and without light activation and its effect on the pulp temperature: an in vitro study. Odontology. 2013 Jan;101(1):67-74. doi: 10.1007/s10266-012-0063-4. Epub 2012 Mar 1.
Results Reference
result
PubMed Identifier
22827820
Citation
Kivanc BH, Arisu HD, Ulusoy OI, Saglam BC, Gorgul G. Effect of light-activated bleaching on pulp chamber temperature rise: an in vitro study. Aust Endod J. 2012 Aug;38(2):76-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2010.00271.x. Epub 2010 Oct 24.
Results Reference
result
PubMed Identifier
19210610
Citation
Lima DA, Aguiar FH, Liporoni PC, Munin E, Ambrosano GM, Lovadino JR. In vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of bleaching agents activated by different light sources. J Prosthodont. 2009 Apr;18(3):249-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-849X.2008.00420.x. Epub 2009 Feb 2.
Results Reference
result
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Evaluation of the Color Change of the Laser and Chemical Vital Whitening Method in the Teeth
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