Social Networks and Methadone Maintenance Treatment Retention and Antiretroviral Therapy Retention in Tanzania
Primary Purpose
Opioid-use Disorder, Adherence, Medication, HIV Infections
Status
Not yet recruiting
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Supportive care through community support persons
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional supportive care trial for Opioid-use Disorder
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Currently enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment program or identified as supportive person by client currently enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment program
- Diagnosed with HIV (for clients currently enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment only) or aware of the HIV status of the person who referred them to the study (community support persons only)
- Available and able to participate weekly in group sessions
- Willing and able to provide informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Does not meet inclusion criteria
Sites / Locations
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Label
Supportive care through social support persons
Arm Description
MMT participants will attend seven sessions over the course of six weeks to build social support systems and make progress toward drinking and drug use goals. Social support persons identified by participating MMT clients will jointly attend up to five sessions over the course of six weeks.
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
Proportion of participants who attend week 1 intervention session
Intervention session attended by participants (MMT clients and identified social support persons)
Proportion of participants who attend week 2 intervention session
Intervention session attended by participants (MMT clients and identified social support persons)
Proportion of participants who attend week 3 intervention session
Intervention session attended by participants (MMT clients and identified social support persons)
Proportion of participants who attend week 4 intervention session
Intervention session attended by participants (MMT clients and identified social support persons)
Proportion of participants who attend week 5 intervention session
Intervention session attended by participants (MMT clients and identified social support persons)
Proportion of participants who attend week 6 intervention session
Intervention session attended by participants (MMT clients and identified social support persons)
Proportion of sessions with > 80% fidelity
An Integrity of Intervention checklist will be created for the study to assess intervention delivery fidelity, including facilitator adherence to manual instructions, specifically information and content that is intended to be covered for each session. An intervention fidelity score that ranges from 0 to 100%, with 100% indicating 100% fidelity or 100% adherence to intervention manual, will be created.
Perceptions of intervention fidelity
Perceptions of intervention fidelity will be assessed through qualitative interviews with facilitators and participants. Perceptions of intervention fidelity, including facilitators and barriers to intervention fidelity will be summarized thematically.
Intervention session acceptability score (week 1)
Acceptability of interventions sessions, specifically content, activities, and delivery (i.e., group or individual format, social support persons involvement), will be measured through the exit surveys developed by the study team. Each of the four exit survey items will be assessed as 0 for not acceptable and 1 for acceptable. Scores will be created for each participant and averaged over all intervention sessions.
Intervention session acceptability score (week 2)
Acceptability of interventions sessions, specifically content, activities, and delivery (i.e., group or individual format, social support persons involvement), will be measured through the exit surveys developed by the study team. Each of the four exit survey items will be assessed as 0 for not acceptable and 1 for acceptable. Scores will be created for each participant and averaged over all intervention sessions.
Intervention session acceptability score (week 3)
Acceptability of interventions sessions, specifically content, activities, and delivery (i.e., group or individual format, social support persons involvement), will be measured through the exit surveys developed by the study team. Each of the four exit survey items will be assessed as 0 for not acceptable and 1 for acceptable. Scores will be created for each participant and averaged over all intervention sessions.
Intervention session acceptability score (week 4)
Acceptability of interventions sessions, specifically content, activities, and delivery (i.e., group or individual format, social support persons involvement), will be measured through the exit surveys developed by the study team. Each of the four exit survey items will be assessed as 0 for not acceptable and 1 for acceptable. Scores will be created for each participant and averaged over all intervention sessions.
Intervention session acceptability score (week 5)
Acceptability of interventions sessions, specifically content, activities, and delivery (i.e., group or individual format, social support persons involvement), will be measured through the exit surveys developed by the study team. Each of the four exit survey items will be assessed as 0 for not acceptable and 1 for acceptable. Scores will be created for each participant and averaged over all intervention sessions.
Intervention session acceptability score (week 6)
Acceptability of interventions sessions, specifically content, activities, and delivery (i.e., group or individual format, social support persons involvement), will be measured through the exit surveys developed by the study team. Each of the four exit survey items will be assessed as 0 for not acceptable and 1 for acceptable. Scores will be created for each participant and averaged over all intervention sessions.
Intervention feasibility assessed by qualitative interviews
Intervention feasibility will be assessed through qualitative interviews with intervention facilitators and participants. Questions will include experiences delivery or participating in the intervention, barriers and facilitators to delivering the intervention or participating in the intervention session, and recommendations for improvements.
Secondary Outcome Measures
Changes in missed methadone doses
Number of missed methadone doses in the past 30 days as assessed by MMT client clinical records
Changes in antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence
ART pharmacy refills in the past 3 months
Full Information
NCT ID
NCT04479475
First Posted
July 13, 2020
Last Updated
August 8, 2023
Sponsor
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Collaborators
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT04479475
Brief Title
Social Networks and Methadone Maintenance Treatment Retention and Antiretroviral Therapy Retention in Tanzania
Official Title
Understanding the Role of Social Networks in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Retention and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among People Who Inject Drugs in Tanzania
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
August 2023
Overall Recruitment Status
Not yet recruiting
Study Start Date
October 2023 (Anticipated)
Primary Completion Date
March 2024 (Anticipated)
Study Completion Date
March 2024 (Anticipated)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Collaborators
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
4. Oversight
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
No
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
Investigators will adapt the Brief Social Behaviour and Network Therapy (B-SBNT) intervention developed to facilitate recovery among people receiving medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder in the United Kingdom. The B-SBNT involves families and the wider social networks of people receiving medications for opioid use disorder to support recovery. Key components of the intervention include: mapping the social networks of clients; inviting others identified through the mapping to participate in the intervention; building communication strategies with network members; and developing joint activities with network members. In the original B-SBNT, the intervention is delivered by therapists/clinicians who undergo training. Investigators will pilot test the adapted version of this intervention with a maximum of 80 people: 20 current clients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) at the Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) Medically-Assisted Treatment (MAT) Clinic and up to 60 social support persons identified by recruited MMT clients. The pilot will assess the social network intervention's acceptability and feasibility.
Detailed Description
Investigators will conduct a small pilot of the adapted social network intervention to assess its acceptability and feasibility. The study team will pilot test the adapted version of this intervention with a maximum of 80 people: 20 current clients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) at the Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) Medically-Assisted Treatment (MAT) Clinic and up to 60 social support persons identified by recruited MMT clients.
MNH MAT clinic staff will compile a list of clients who have tested positive for heroin, cannabis, and alcohol based on monthly urine screen in the past 3 months or random alcohol breathalyzer test in the past 3 months. The list will be stratified by HIV status to obtain equal number of MMT clients with and without HIV. From the list, the research team will randomly select 10 clients with HIV and 10 clients without HIV. MNH MAT clinic staff will introduce the study to the selected MAT clients who meet study eligibility and refer those interested in participating to the study team.
During the social mapping session of the intervention, MMT client participants will be asked to identify up to three people who provide the participant with support an invitation to participate in the intervention. MMT clients will be provided a letter to give to each of the social support persons identified and will provide the study team with the phone numbers of the social support persons, if available. The recruitment letter will include the contact information for the local co-PI. If a phone number for a social support person is provided, the study team will attempt to contact the identified social support person up to three times. The study team will only contact social support persons identified by participating MMT clients after the MMT client has informed the social support person of the study and the social support person is expecting to hear from study staff. The study team will confirm with the MMT client that social support persons have been informed of the study through the recruitment letter and/or vocally. Once contact with the identified social support person is made, a member of the study team will introduce the study to the social support person and invite the social support person to participate in the study.
After obtaining informed consent, MMT clients and the identified social support person(s) will complete a pre-intervention survey. The survey with MMT clients will include questions on socio-demographics, substance use behaviors, methadone treatment, stigma experiences, coping skills, and social support. For questions on social network members, MMT clients will be asked not to specify names of family, friends, other MMT clients, or other important people in the participants lives. Rather, the participants will be asked to use nicknames, initials, or relationships (e.g., "mother," "sister," "uncle," etc.) to identify important people. The survey with social support persons will include socio-demographic questions as well as questions on interactions with the MMT client who was identified as a social support person, substance use behaviors, methadone treatment, and knowledge and attitudes towards substance use disorders and people with a substance use disorder. The pre-intervention survey is expected to last approximately 15 minutes (for social support persons) and 20 minutes (for MMT clients). MMT client participants will then attend seven sessions over the course of six weeks. Social support persons will attend up to five sessions over the course of six weeks.
Participant attendance will be recorded for each session. Members of the study team will observe sessions and take notes on intervention fidelity and delivery using a semi-structured form. After each session, participants will be asked to complete a brief exit survey to assess satisfaction with the session. The exit survey will be administered by the intervention counselor. At the end of the pilot, the study team will conduct a post-intervention survey with MMT client participants and the participating social support persons. The post-intervention survey will include similar questions to the baseline survey but will also include questions to gauge acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention, experiences with social and income-generating activities, and suggestions for changes to the intervention. The post-intervention survey is expected to last between 15 minutes (for social support persons) and 20 minutes (for MMT clients).
The investigators will also conduct 25 follow-up qualitative, in-depth interviews with 10 MMT client participants, 10 social support person participants, and all 5 intervention counselors, about one month after the trial. The investigators will purposively sample participants based on attendance in sessions and based on responses to survey questions, so that the investigators can obtain a sample of individuals with various experiences with the program. Study interviewers will use a semi-structured interview guide to facilitate the discussion. The guide will include questions on experiences with the program (what worked and what could be improved), how well counselors followed the intervention manual, what clients learned, how clients incorporated lessons learned in the clients daily lives, and changes in the quality of relationships with social support persons and other people in the client's lives. Interviews are expected to last about 45 minutes and will be audio-recorded with participant permission.
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Opioid-use Disorder, Adherence, Medication, HIV Infections
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Supportive Care
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Single Group Assignment
Model Description
Eligible MMT clients identify up to three social support persons to attend intervention sessions. The adapted B-SBNT involves families and the wider social networks of people receiving MMT to support recovery. Key components of the intervention include: mapping the social networks of clients; inviting others identified through the mapping to participate in the intervention; building communication strategies with network members; and developing joint activities with network members, e.g., income-generating activities. MMT client participants attend seven sessions over the course of six weeks. Social support persons attend up to five sessions over the course of six weeks.
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
N/A
Enrollment
80 (Anticipated)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
Supportive care through social support persons
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
MMT participants will attend seven sessions over the course of six weeks to build social support systems and make progress toward drinking and drug use goals. Social support persons identified by participating MMT clients will jointly attend up to five sessions over the course of six weeks.
Intervention Type
Behavioral
Intervention Name(s)
Supportive care through community support persons
Intervention Description
The adapted B-SBNT involves families and the wider social networks of people receiving MMT to support recovery. Key components of the intervention include: mapping the social networks of clients; inviting others identified through the mapping to participate in the intervention; building communication strategies with network members; and developing joint activities with network members, e.g., income-generating activities. MMT client participants attend seven sessions over the course of six weeks: (1) Introduction, (2) Working in a social network-based setting, (3) Setting drinking and drug use goals, (4) Coping skills 1, (5), Coping Skills 2, (6) Making lifestyle changes, (7) Generating income. Social support persons attend up to five sessions over the course of six weeks.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Proportion of participants who attend week 1 intervention session
Description
Intervention session attended by participants (MMT clients and identified social support persons)
Time Frame
Week 1 of intervention
Title
Proportion of participants who attend week 2 intervention session
Description
Intervention session attended by participants (MMT clients and identified social support persons)
Time Frame
Week 2 of intervention
Title
Proportion of participants who attend week 3 intervention session
Description
Intervention session attended by participants (MMT clients and identified social support persons)
Time Frame
Week 3 of intervention
Title
Proportion of participants who attend week 4 intervention session
Description
Intervention session attended by participants (MMT clients and identified social support persons)
Time Frame
Week 4 of intervention
Title
Proportion of participants who attend week 5 intervention session
Description
Intervention session attended by participants (MMT clients and identified social support persons)
Time Frame
Week 5 of intervention
Title
Proportion of participants who attend week 6 intervention session
Description
Intervention session attended by participants (MMT clients and identified social support persons)
Time Frame
Week 6 of intervention
Title
Proportion of sessions with > 80% fidelity
Description
An Integrity of Intervention checklist will be created for the study to assess intervention delivery fidelity, including facilitator adherence to manual instructions, specifically information and content that is intended to be covered for each session. An intervention fidelity score that ranges from 0 to 100%, with 100% indicating 100% fidelity or 100% adherence to intervention manual, will be created.
Time Frame
Post-intervention up to 1 month
Title
Perceptions of intervention fidelity
Description
Perceptions of intervention fidelity will be assessed through qualitative interviews with facilitators and participants. Perceptions of intervention fidelity, including facilitators and barriers to intervention fidelity will be summarized thematically.
Time Frame
Post-intervention up to 1 month
Title
Intervention session acceptability score (week 1)
Description
Acceptability of interventions sessions, specifically content, activities, and delivery (i.e., group or individual format, social support persons involvement), will be measured through the exit surveys developed by the study team. Each of the four exit survey items will be assessed as 0 for not acceptable and 1 for acceptable. Scores will be created for each participant and averaged over all intervention sessions.
Time Frame
Week 1 of intervention
Title
Intervention session acceptability score (week 2)
Description
Acceptability of interventions sessions, specifically content, activities, and delivery (i.e., group or individual format, social support persons involvement), will be measured through the exit surveys developed by the study team. Each of the four exit survey items will be assessed as 0 for not acceptable and 1 for acceptable. Scores will be created for each participant and averaged over all intervention sessions.
Time Frame
Week 2 of intervention
Title
Intervention session acceptability score (week 3)
Description
Acceptability of interventions sessions, specifically content, activities, and delivery (i.e., group or individual format, social support persons involvement), will be measured through the exit surveys developed by the study team. Each of the four exit survey items will be assessed as 0 for not acceptable and 1 for acceptable. Scores will be created for each participant and averaged over all intervention sessions.
Time Frame
Week 3 of intervention
Title
Intervention session acceptability score (week 4)
Description
Acceptability of interventions sessions, specifically content, activities, and delivery (i.e., group or individual format, social support persons involvement), will be measured through the exit surveys developed by the study team. Each of the four exit survey items will be assessed as 0 for not acceptable and 1 for acceptable. Scores will be created for each participant and averaged over all intervention sessions.
Time Frame
Week 4 of intervention
Title
Intervention session acceptability score (week 5)
Description
Acceptability of interventions sessions, specifically content, activities, and delivery (i.e., group or individual format, social support persons involvement), will be measured through the exit surveys developed by the study team. Each of the four exit survey items will be assessed as 0 for not acceptable and 1 for acceptable. Scores will be created for each participant and averaged over all intervention sessions.
Time Frame
Week 5 of intervention
Title
Intervention session acceptability score (week 6)
Description
Acceptability of interventions sessions, specifically content, activities, and delivery (i.e., group or individual format, social support persons involvement), will be measured through the exit surveys developed by the study team. Each of the four exit survey items will be assessed as 0 for not acceptable and 1 for acceptable. Scores will be created for each participant and averaged over all intervention sessions.
Time Frame
Week 6 of intervention
Title
Intervention feasibility assessed by qualitative interviews
Description
Intervention feasibility will be assessed through qualitative interviews with intervention facilitators and participants. Questions will include experiences delivery or participating in the intervention, barriers and facilitators to delivering the intervention or participating in the intervention session, and recommendations for improvements.
Time Frame
Post-intervention up to 1 month
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Changes in missed methadone doses
Description
Number of missed methadone doses in the past 30 days as assessed by MMT client clinical records
Time Frame
Pre- and post-intervention up to 1 month
Title
Changes in antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence
Description
ART pharmacy refills in the past 3 months
Time Frame
Pre- and post-intervention up to 1 month
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion criteria for MMT client participants in the intervention pilot:
18 years old or older,
currently enrolled in the MAT program at the Muhimbili MAT clinic,
prescribed methadone for the past 3 months,
received a positive test result for heroin, cannabis or alcohol use in the past 3 months,
provide consent for trial participation.
Inclusion criteria for social support persons in the intervention pilot:
18 years old or older,
identified as a social support person of a MMT client participating in the pilot trial
lives in Dar es Salaam,
provide consent for trial participation.
Exclusion Criteria:
Does not meet inclusion criteria
Central Contact Person:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
Iddi Haruna Nkya, MD, MMeD
Phone
+255713775884
Email
idd222@yahoo.co.uk
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Haneefa T Saleem, PhD, MPH
Organizational Affiliation
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Plan to Share IPD
No
IPD Sharing Plan Description
This is pilot trial is intended for assessment of feasibility and acceptability. Study investigators will make aggregate data from the intervention trial available to other researchers. Aggregate data are unlikely to present an opportunity for secondary analysis or subsequent publication, though they can provide more detail than may be available in a peer-reviewed publication.
Learn more about this trial
Social Networks and Methadone Maintenance Treatment Retention and Antiretroviral Therapy Retention in Tanzania
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