The Effects of Short-term Scapular Control Training in Overhead Athletes With Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, Scapular Dyskinesis
About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Shoulder Impingement Syndrome focused on measuring Corticospinal excitability, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Motor control training, Scapula-focused exercise
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria (patients with shoulder impingement) :
- perform overhead exercise at least 4 hours a week
- present type I or II scapular dyskinesis at rest or moving
- pain at least two weeks
3 of 6 impingement test present positive
- Neer's impingement test: arm abduction overhead with shoulder internal rotation and thumb downward. If feel pain, then positive.
- Hawkins-Kennedy impingement Test: arm lift to horizontal plane, elbow flexion to 90 degree. Tester put force on forearm toward shoulder internal rotation. If feel pain, then positive.
- Empty can test: shoulder abduction with thumb down, then give a resistive force toward up. If feel pain, then positive.
- Resistive shoulder external rotation test: elbow flexion to 90 degrees and do resistive shoulder rotation. If feel pain, then positive.
- Rotator cuff tenderness test: tester put pressure on rotator cuff. If feel pain, then positive.
- Painful arc: perform arm elevation. If feel pain during movement, then positive.
Inclusion Criteria (healthy people) :
- perform overhead exercise at least 4 hours a week
- no any symptoms or injuries on shoulder and neck
Exclusion Criteria:
- Have a history of dislocation, fracture, or surgery of upper extremity
- A history of direct contact injury to the neck or upper extremities within the past 12 months
- A concussion within the past 12 months or a history of three or more concussions
- Brain injury and neurological impairment
- History of frequent headache or dizziness
- Contraindications to the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), assessed with a safety screening questionnaire, including pregnancy, history of seizure, epilepsy and syncope, having cochlear implant, having medal implant and taking anti-depressant medication.
Sites / Locations
- National Yang-Ming University
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Experimental
Experimental
No Intervention
Scapular control training group
General exercise group
Healthy subject group
Participants in these group will be taught how to correctly movement arm overhead. And they will undergo series of movement tasks with mirror and also receive scapular-focused exercises. The difficulty of the movements protocol will increase weekly.
Participants in this group will receive a general strengthening exercise, focusing on the shoulder muscles. And the load will progressively increase weekly.
No intervention.