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Study in Participants With Early Stage Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir Administered by Inhalation

Primary Purpose

COVID-19

Status
Completed
Phase
Phase 1
Locations
United States
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Remdesivir (RDV)
Placebo
Sponsored by
Gilead Sciences
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for COVID-19

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - undefined (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Key Inclusion Criteria:

  • Willing and able to provide written informed consent, or with a legal representative who can provide informed consent
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection first confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Parts A and B) or by nucleic acid testing or direct antigen testing (Part C) with sample collected ≤ 4 days prior to randomization
  • COVID-19 symptom onset ≤ 7 days prior to randomization
  • Oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) > 94% on room air

Key Exclusion Criteria:

  • Ongoing or prior participation in any other clinical trial of an experimental vaccine or treatment for COVID-19
  • Prior or current hospitalization for COVID-19 or need for hospitalization
  • Treatment of COVID-19 with other agents with actual or possible direct antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 including intravenous (IV) RDV or administration of any SARS-CoV-2 (or COVID-19) vaccine

    • Participants chronically administered chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for any reason are to be excluded
  • Requiring oxygen supplementation
  • Positive pregnancy test
  • Breastfeeding female
  • Known hypersensitivity to the study treatment, its metabolites, or formulation excipient
  • Pre-existing pulmonary conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma (Parts A and B only)

Note: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.

Sites / Locations

  • The Institute for Liver Health
  • The Institute for Liver Health
  • Franco Felizarta, MD
  • Aurora FDRC Inc.
  • Elevated Health
  • Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
  • Western Clinical Research
  • UC Davis Health/Medical Center
  • Bradenton Research Center, Inc.
  • Integrity Clinical Research, LLC
  • Holy Cross Hospital
  • Evolution Clinical Trials, Inc.
  • Research in Miami, Inc.
  • Optimus U Corporation
  • L & C Professional Medical Research Institute
  • Westchester Research Center at Westchester General Hospital
  • MedBio Trials
  • Nuovida Research Center, Corp
  • IMIC Inc
  • Triple O Research Institute, PA
  • Family Care Research
  • CTU Covid Research Center
  • STAT Research
  • Inquest Clinical Research
  • DFW Clinical Research
  • Baylor Research Institute
  • PCP for Life-Tidwell
  • Providence Regional Medical Center Everett

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm 3

Arm 4

Arm 5

Arm 6

Arm 7

Arm 8

Arm Type

Experimental

Experimental

Placebo Comparator

Experimental

Experimental

Placebo Comparator

Experimental

Placebo Comparator

Arm Label

Remdesivir (RDV), Part A

RDV + Placebo, Part A

Placebo, Part A

RDV, Part B

RDV + Placebo, Part B

Placebo, Part B

RDV, Part C

Placebo, Part C

Arm Description

Participants will receive inhaled RDV 31 mg administered daily for 5 days.

Participants will receive inhaled RDV 31 mg administered daily for 3 days followed by placebo to match RDV daily for 2 days.

Participants will receive placebo to match inhaled RDV in Part A daily for 5 days.

Participants will receive inhaled RDV 62 mg administered daily for up to 5 days.

Participants will receive inhaled RDV 62 mg administered daily for up to 3 days followed by placebo to match RDV daily for 2 days.

Participants will receive placebo to match inhaled RDV in Part B daily for 5 days.

Participants will receive inhaled RDV 39 mg administered daily for 5 days.

Participants will receive placebo to match inhaled RDV in Part C daily for 5 days.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Time-weighted Average Change From Baseline in Nasopharyngeal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Viral Load Through Day 7
Time-weighted average change in SARS-CoV-2 viral load was defined as area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of viral load change divided by time between baseline through Day 7.
Time-weighted Average Change From Baseline in Oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load Through Day 7
Time-weighted average change in SARS-CoV-2 viral load was defined as AUC of viral load change divided by time between baseline through Day 7.
Time-weighted Average Change From Baseline in Saliva SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load Through Day 7
Time-weighted average change in SARS-CoV-2 viral load was defined as AUC of viral load change divided by time between baseline through Day 7.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Percentage of Participants Experiencing Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
An adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a study drug, which did not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment. AE was therefore any unfavorable and/or unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of the study drug, whether or not considered related to the study drug. TEAEs: AE with an onset date on or after the study drug start date and no later than 30 days after study drug stop date; or any AE leading to study drug discontinuation.
Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Laboratory Abnormalities as Per Severity Grade
Treatment-emergent laboratory abnormalities were graded using the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Version 2.1 July 2017. Laboratory abnormalities were graded as Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), Grade 3 (severe), Grade 4 (life-threatening). Percentage of participants with any severity grade were reported.
Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events Leading to Study Treatment Discontinuation
Number of Participants With All-Cause Medically Attended Visits (MAVs) or Death by Day 28
The composite outcome of all-cause MAVs (medical visits attended in person by the participant and a health care professional) or all-cause death by Study Day 28 were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods by treatment group.
Number of Participants With COVID-19 Related MAVs or Death by Day 28
The composite outcome of COVID-19 related MAVs (medical visits attended in person by the participant and a health care professional) or all-cause death by Study Day 28 were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods by treatment group.
Number of Participants With Hospitalization by Day 28
The composite of all-cause hospitalization was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods by treatment group.
Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: AUC0-24h of Remdesivir (RDV) and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
AUC0-24h was defined as the concentration of drug over time between time 0 to time 24 hours. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
PK Parameter: AUClast of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
AUClast was defined as the concentration of drug from time zero to the last observable concentration.Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
PK Parameter: CLss/F of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
CLss/F was defined as apparent oral clearance at steady state after administration of the drug. CLss/F = Dose/AUCtau, where "Dose" is the dose of the drug. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
PK Parameter: t1/2 of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
t1/2 was defined as the estimate of the terminal elimination half-life of the drug. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
PK Parameter: Vz/F of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Vz/F was defined as the apparent volume of distribution of the drug. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
PK Parameter: Cmax of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Cmax was defined as the maximum observed concentration of drug.Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
PK Parameter: Tmax of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Tmax was defined as the time (observed time point) of Cmax. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
PK Parameter: Clast of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Clast was defined as the last observable concentration of drug. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
PK Parameter: Tlast of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Tlast was defined as the time (observed time point) of Clast. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
PK Parameter: AUCtau of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
AUCtau is defined as concentration of drug over time (the area under the concentration versus time curve over the dosing interval). Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
PK Parameter: λz of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
λz was defined as the terminal elimination rate constant, estimated by linear regression of the terminal elimination phase of the log plasma concentration of drug versus time curve of the drug. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
PK Parameter: Ctau of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Ctau was defined as the observed drug concentration at the end of the dosing interval. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
Change in Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 5
Change in Oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 5
Change in Saliva SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 5
Change in Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 7
Change in Oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 7
Change in Saliva SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 7
Change in Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 14 in Parts A and B
Change in Oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 14 in Parts A and B
Change in Saliva SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 14 in Parts A and B
Time to Negative Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
The time to negative nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR was defined as the number of days to first confirmed negative (first date of two consecutive dates achieving negative result) using nasopharyngeal sample. Time to negative nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates.
Time to Negative Oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
The time to negative oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR was defined as the number of days to first confirmed negative (first date of two consecutive dates achieving negative result) using an oropharyngeal sample. Time to negative oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates.
Time to Negative Saliva SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
The time to saliva SARS-CoV-2 PCR was defined as the number of days to first confirmed negative (first date of two consecutive dates achieving negative result) using saliva sample. Time to negative saliva SARS-CoV-2 PCR was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates.
Time to Alleviation (Mild or Absent) of Baseline COVID-19 Symptoms as Reported on the COVID-19 Adapted InFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO©) Questionnaire in Part C
The InFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO©) is a 32-item patient-reported outcome questionnaire that assesses the severity of symptoms of influenza and influenza-like illness across six body systems. An additional two items can be added to assess changes in taste or smell, if the instrument is used to quantify symptoms in studies of COVID-19. Each domain scores ranges from 0 (symptom-free) to 4 (very severe symptoms). Higher scores on this scale represent higher disease severity. Alleviation is defined as symptom scores as 2 or higher at baseline are scored as 0 (absent) or 1 (mild) at post-baseline, and symptoms scored as 1 at baseline are scored as 0 at post-baseline, and for two consecutive days. Time to alleviation was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates.

Full Information

First Posted
August 26, 2020
Last Updated
February 18, 2022
Sponsor
Gilead Sciences
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT04539262
Brief Title
Study in Participants With Early Stage Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir Administered by Inhalation
Official Title
A Phase 1b/2a Study in Participants With Early Stage COVID-19 to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir Administered by Inhalation
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
February 2022
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
September 14, 2020 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
February 26, 2021 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
March 22, 2021 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
Gilead Sciences

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
Yes
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
Yes

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
The primary objective of this study is to characterize the impact of inhaled remdesivir (RDV) on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load in participants with early stage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Detailed Description
This study will have multiple parts: Part A, Part B, and Part C. Part B will be conducted if supported by evaluation in healthy volunteers in another Phase 1a Gilead study (GS-US-553-9018). Participants in Part C will be enrolled after review of preliminary safety and available efficacy data from Parts A and B through at least Day 7. GS-US-553-9018 is a Phase 1a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-dose study in healthy volunteers to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of remdesivir administered by inhalation.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
COVID-19

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Phase 1, Phase 2
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
ParticipantInvestigator
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
156 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Remdesivir (RDV), Part A
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Participants will receive inhaled RDV 31 mg administered daily for 5 days.
Arm Title
RDV + Placebo, Part A
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Participants will receive inhaled RDV 31 mg administered daily for 3 days followed by placebo to match RDV daily for 2 days.
Arm Title
Placebo, Part A
Arm Type
Placebo Comparator
Arm Description
Participants will receive placebo to match inhaled RDV in Part A daily for 5 days.
Arm Title
RDV, Part B
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Participants will receive inhaled RDV 62 mg administered daily for up to 5 days.
Arm Title
RDV + Placebo, Part B
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Participants will receive inhaled RDV 62 mg administered daily for up to 3 days followed by placebo to match RDV daily for 2 days.
Arm Title
Placebo, Part B
Arm Type
Placebo Comparator
Arm Description
Participants will receive placebo to match inhaled RDV in Part B daily for 5 days.
Arm Title
RDV, Part C
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Participants will receive inhaled RDV 39 mg administered daily for 5 days.
Arm Title
Placebo, Part C
Arm Type
Placebo Comparator
Arm Description
Participants will receive placebo to match inhaled RDV in Part C daily for 5 days.
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Remdesivir (RDV)
Other Intervention Name(s)
GS-5734™
Intervention Description
Administered as an aerosolized solution
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Placebo
Intervention Description
Administered as an aerosolized solution
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Time-weighted Average Change From Baseline in Nasopharyngeal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Viral Load Through Day 7
Description
Time-weighted average change in SARS-CoV-2 viral load was defined as area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of viral load change divided by time between baseline through Day 7.
Time Frame
Baseline, Day 7
Title
Time-weighted Average Change From Baseline in Oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load Through Day 7
Description
Time-weighted average change in SARS-CoV-2 viral load was defined as AUC of viral load change divided by time between baseline through Day 7.
Time Frame
Baseline, Day 7
Title
Time-weighted Average Change From Baseline in Saliva SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load Through Day 7
Description
Time-weighted average change in SARS-CoV-2 viral load was defined as AUC of viral load change divided by time between baseline through Day 7.
Time Frame
Baseline, Day 7
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Percentage of Participants Experiencing Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
Description
An adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a study drug, which did not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment. AE was therefore any unfavorable and/or unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of the study drug, whether or not considered related to the study drug. TEAEs: AE with an onset date on or after the study drug start date and no later than 30 days after study drug stop date; or any AE leading to study drug discontinuation.
Time Frame
First dose date up to 5 days plus 30 days
Title
Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Laboratory Abnormalities as Per Severity Grade
Description
Treatment-emergent laboratory abnormalities were graded using the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Version 2.1 July 2017. Laboratory abnormalities were graded as Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), Grade 3 (severe), Grade 4 (life-threatening). Percentage of participants with any severity grade were reported.
Time Frame
First dose date up to 5 days plus 30 days
Title
Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events Leading to Study Treatment Discontinuation
Time Frame
First dose date up to 5 days plus 30 days
Title
Number of Participants With All-Cause Medically Attended Visits (MAVs) or Death by Day 28
Description
The composite outcome of all-cause MAVs (medical visits attended in person by the participant and a health care professional) or all-cause death by Study Day 28 were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods by treatment group.
Time Frame
Randomization up to Day 28
Title
Number of Participants With COVID-19 Related MAVs or Death by Day 28
Description
The composite outcome of COVID-19 related MAVs (medical visits attended in person by the participant and a health care professional) or all-cause death by Study Day 28 were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods by treatment group.
Time Frame
Randomization up to Day 28
Title
Number of Participants With Hospitalization by Day 28
Description
The composite of all-cause hospitalization was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods by treatment group.
Time Frame
Day 1 up to Day 28
Title
Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: AUC0-24h of Remdesivir (RDV) and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Description
AUC0-24h was defined as the concentration of drug over time between time 0 to time 24 hours. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
Time Frame
Sparse PK: Day 1 (end of nebulization) and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK: Day 1 and Day 3 or Day 5 (0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization); Nebulization duration: 17-34 minutes.
Title
PK Parameter: AUClast of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Description
AUClast was defined as the concentration of drug from time zero to the last observable concentration.Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
Time Frame
Sparse PK: Day 1 (end of nebulization) and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK: Day 1 and Day 3 or Day 5 (0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization); Nebulization duration: 17-34 minutes.
Title
PK Parameter: CLss/F of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Description
CLss/F was defined as apparent oral clearance at steady state after administration of the drug. CLss/F = Dose/AUCtau, where "Dose" is the dose of the drug. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
Time Frame
Sparse PK: Day 1 (end of nebulization) and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK: Day 1 and Day 3 or Day 5 (0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization); Nebulization duration: 17-34 minutes.
Title
PK Parameter: t1/2 of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Description
t1/2 was defined as the estimate of the terminal elimination half-life of the drug. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
Time Frame
Sparse PK: Day 1 (end of nebulization) and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK: Day 1 and Day 3 or Day 5 (0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization); Nebulization duration: 17-34 minutes.
Title
PK Parameter: Vz/F of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Description
Vz/F was defined as the apparent volume of distribution of the drug. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
Time Frame
Sparse PK: Day 1 (end of nebulization) and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK: Day 1 and Day 3 or Day 5 (0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization); Nebulization duration: 17-34 minutes.
Title
PK Parameter: Cmax of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Description
Cmax was defined as the maximum observed concentration of drug.Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
Time Frame
Sparse PK: Day 1 (end of nebulization) and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK: Day 1 and Day 3 or Day 5 (0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization); Nebulization duration: 17-34 minutes.
Title
PK Parameter: Tmax of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Description
Tmax was defined as the time (observed time point) of Cmax. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
Time Frame
Sparse PK: Day 1 (end of nebulization) and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK: Day 1 and Day 3 or Day 5 (0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization); Nebulization duration: 17-34 minutes.
Title
PK Parameter: Clast of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Description
Clast was defined as the last observable concentration of drug. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
Time Frame
Sparse PK: Day 1 (end of nebulization) and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK: Day 1 and Day 3 or Day 5 (0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization); Nebulization duration: 17-34 minutes.
Title
PK Parameter: Tlast of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Description
Tlast was defined as the time (observed time point) of Clast. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
Time Frame
Sparse PK: Day 1 (end of nebulization) and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK: Day 1 and Day 3 or Day 5 (0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization); Nebulization duration: 17-34 minutes.
Title
PK Parameter: AUCtau of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Description
AUCtau is defined as concentration of drug over time (the area under the concentration versus time curve over the dosing interval). Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
Time Frame
Sparse PK: Day 1 (end of nebulization) and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK: Day 1 and Day 3 or Day 5 (0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization); Nebulization duration: 17-34 minutes.
Title
PK Parameter: λz of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Description
λz was defined as the terminal elimination rate constant, estimated by linear regression of the terminal elimination phase of the log plasma concentration of drug versus time curve of the drug. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
Time Frame
Sparse PK: Day 1 (end of nebulization) and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK: Day 1 and Day 3 or Day 5 (0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization); Nebulization duration: 17-34 minutes.
Title
PK Parameter: Ctau of RDV and Its Metabolites (GS-441524 and GS-704277) in Parts A and B
Description
Ctau was defined as the observed drug concentration at the end of the dosing interval. Time Frame for PK samples: Sparse PK (all participants): Day 1 (end of nebulization, and optional 2-hour post nebulization), and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK (Up to 6 participants/group in Part A & Part B): Day 1 and an additional sample at Day 3 or Day 5 at the following time points: 0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization.
Time Frame
Sparse PK: Day 1 (end of nebulization) and Day 3 (predose and end of nebulization); Intensive PK: Day 1 and Day 3 or Day 5 (0 (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post end of nebulization); Nebulization duration: 17-34 minutes.
Title
Change in Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 5
Time Frame
Baseline, Day 5
Title
Change in Oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 5
Time Frame
Baseline, Day 5
Title
Change in Saliva SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 5
Time Frame
Baseline, Day 5
Title
Change in Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 7
Time Frame
Baseline, Day 7
Title
Change in Oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 7
Time Frame
Baseline, Day 7
Title
Change in Saliva SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 7
Time Frame
Baseline, Day 7
Title
Change in Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 14 in Parts A and B
Time Frame
Baseline, Day 14
Title
Change in Oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 14 in Parts A and B
Time Frame
Baseline, Day 14
Title
Change in Saliva SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load From Baseline to Day 14 in Parts A and B
Time Frame
Baseline, Day 14
Title
Time to Negative Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Description
The time to negative nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR was defined as the number of days to first confirmed negative (first date of two consecutive dates achieving negative result) using nasopharyngeal sample. Time to negative nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates.
Time Frame
Baseline up to Day 17
Title
Time to Negative Oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Description
The time to negative oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR was defined as the number of days to first confirmed negative (first date of two consecutive dates achieving negative result) using an oropharyngeal sample. Time to negative oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates.
Time Frame
Baseline up to Day 17
Title
Time to Negative Saliva SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Description
The time to saliva SARS-CoV-2 PCR was defined as the number of days to first confirmed negative (first date of two consecutive dates achieving negative result) using saliva sample. Time to negative saliva SARS-CoV-2 PCR was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates.
Time Frame
Baseline up to Day 17
Title
Time to Alleviation (Mild or Absent) of Baseline COVID-19 Symptoms as Reported on the COVID-19 Adapted InFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO©) Questionnaire in Part C
Description
The InFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO©) is a 32-item patient-reported outcome questionnaire that assesses the severity of symptoms of influenza and influenza-like illness across six body systems. An additional two items can be added to assess changes in taste or smell, if the instrument is used to quantify symptoms in studies of COVID-19. Each domain scores ranges from 0 (symptom-free) to 4 (very severe symptoms). Higher scores on this scale represent higher disease severity. Alleviation is defined as symptom scores as 2 or higher at baseline are scored as 0 (absent) or 1 (mild) at post-baseline, and symptoms scored as 1 at baseline are scored as 0 at post-baseline, and for two consecutive days. Time to alleviation was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates.
Time Frame
First dose date up to Day 14

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Key Inclusion Criteria: Willing and able to provide written informed consent, or with a legal representative who can provide informed consent SARS-CoV-2 infection first confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Parts A and B) or by nucleic acid testing or direct antigen testing (Part C) with sample collected ≤ 4 days prior to randomization COVID-19 symptom onset ≤ 7 days prior to randomization Oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) > 94% on room air Key Exclusion Criteria: Ongoing or prior participation in any other clinical trial of an experimental vaccine or treatment for COVID-19 Prior or current hospitalization for COVID-19 or need for hospitalization Treatment of COVID-19 with other agents with actual or possible direct antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 including intravenous (IV) RDV or administration of any SARS-CoV-2 (or COVID-19) vaccine Participants chronically administered chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for any reason are to be excluded Requiring oxygen supplementation Positive pregnancy test Breastfeeding female Known hypersensitivity to the study treatment, its metabolites, or formulation excipient Pre-existing pulmonary conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma (Parts A and B only) Note: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Gilead Study Director
Organizational Affiliation
Gilead Sciences
Official's Role
Study Director
Facility Information:
Facility Name
The Institute for Liver Health
City
Mesa
State/Province
Arizona
ZIP/Postal Code
85210
Country
United States
Facility Name
The Institute for Liver Health
City
Tucson
State/Province
Arizona
ZIP/Postal Code
85712
Country
United States
Facility Name
Franco Felizarta, MD
City
Bakersfield
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
93301
Country
United States
Facility Name
Aurora FDRC Inc.
City
Costa Mesa
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
92627
Country
United States
Facility Name
Elevated Health
City
Huntington Beach
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
92648
Country
United States
Facility Name
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
City
Los Angeles
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
90048
Country
United States
Facility Name
Western Clinical Research
City
Placentia
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
92870
Country
United States
Facility Name
UC Davis Health/Medical Center
City
Sacramento
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
95817
Country
United States
Facility Name
Bradenton Research Center, Inc.
City
Bradenton
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
34205
Country
United States
Facility Name
Integrity Clinical Research, LLC
City
Doral
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33166
Country
United States
Facility Name
Holy Cross Hospital
City
Fort Lauderdale
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33308
Country
United States
Facility Name
Evolution Clinical Trials, Inc.
City
Hialeah Gardens
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33016
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research in Miami, Inc.
City
Hialeah
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33013
Country
United States
Facility Name
Optimus U Corporation
City
Miami
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33125
Country
United States
Facility Name
L & C Professional Medical Research Institute
City
Miami
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33144
Country
United States
Facility Name
Westchester Research Center at Westchester General Hospital
City
Miami
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33155
Country
United States
Facility Name
MedBio Trials
City
Miami
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33180
Country
United States
Facility Name
Nuovida Research Center, Corp
City
Miami
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33186
Country
United States
Facility Name
IMIC Inc
City
Palmetto Bay
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33157
Country
United States
Facility Name
Triple O Research Institute, PA
City
West Palm Beach
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33401
Country
United States
Facility Name
Family Care Research
City
Boise
State/Province
Idaho
ZIP/Postal Code
83704
Country
United States
Facility Name
CTU Covid Research Center
City
New Orleans
State/Province
Louisiana
ZIP/Postal Code
70112
Country
United States
Facility Name
STAT Research
City
Vandalia
State/Province
Ohio
ZIP/Postal Code
45066
Country
United States
Facility Name
Inquest Clinical Research
City
Baytown
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
77521
Country
United States
Facility Name
DFW Clinical Research
City
Dallas
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
75234
Country
United States
Facility Name
Baylor Research Institute
City
Dallas
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
75246
Country
United States
Facility Name
PCP for Life-Tidwell
City
Houston
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
77093
Country
United States
Facility Name
Providence Regional Medical Center Everett
City
Everett
State/Province
Washington
ZIP/Postal Code
98201
Country
United States

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
No

Learn more about this trial

Study in Participants With Early Stage Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir Administered by Inhalation

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