WHNRC (Western Human Nutrition Research Center) Fiber Intervention Study
Inflammation, Vaccine, Intestinal Permeability
About this trial
This is an interventional basic science trial for Inflammation focused on measuring Gastrointestinal Health, Intestinal Permeability, Vaccine Response, Inflammation, Ty21a Typhoid Vaccine, Typhoid Fever, Microbiome, Bifidobacterium
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Body Mass Index (BMI) 18.5 - 30.9 kg/m2
inadequate total dietary fiber intake defined as:
- Females 18 - 30 years old, less than 28 g/day
- Females 31 - 50 years old, less than 25 g/day
- Males 18 - 30 years old, less than 34 g/day
- Males 31 - 50 years old, less than 31 g/day
Exclusion Criteria:
- blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg
- has HIV/AIDS or another disease that affects the immune system
- has any kind of cancer
- inability to lift 30 pounds with assistance (for transporting refrigerated stool containers)
- decline to take an HIV blood test
- pregnant or lactating women
- refusal to take a pregnancy test
- female subjects: refusal to use a method of birth control 1 week prior to the administration of the vaccine, 1 week during the vaccine, and 1 week after the vaccine
- allergy to vaccine components, i.e. thimerosal and enteric-coated capsules
- allergy to oral typhoid vaccine
- use of anti-inflammatory medications, i.e. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), aspirin, 3 or more times per month
- use of sulfonamides or antibiotics 3 months prior to the receipt of Ty21a vaccine.
- use of anti-hypertensive drugs, i.e. beta blockers, diuretics, calcium channel blockers
- use of anti-malaria drugs, i.e. mefloquine, chloroquine, and proguanil
- use of drugs that affects the immune system, i.e. immunosuppressants, immune-modifying drugs, corticosteroids, i.e. cortisone, prednisone, methylprednisolone, for 2 weeks or longer
- use of biologics, i.e. Lantus, Remicade, Rituxan, Humira, Herceptin, Avastin, Lucentis, Enbrel for 2 weeks or longer
- undergoing cancer treatment with radiation or drugs
- greater than 10 years residence in a typhoid-endemic area
- receipt of typhoid vaccine in the last 5 years
- receipt of any vaccine two weeks prior to receipt of Ty21a vaccine
- individuals at increased risk of developing complications from a live, bacterial vaccine
- history of typhoid fever
- history of primary immune deficiency or autoimmune disease
- history of acute or chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, i.e. Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, gastric ulcer
- diarrheal illness (defined as passing 3 or more abnormally loose or watery stool in a 24 hour period) or persistent vomiting 2 weeks prior to the study
- history of chronic illnesses, i.e. diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, gastrointestinal malabsorption or inflammatory diseases, kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, HIV, liver disease, including hepatitis B and C
- asthma if taking medication on a daily basis
- recent surgery (within 3 months)
- history of GI surgery
- recent hospitalization (within 3 months)
- fever (within 2 weeks)
- unwillingness to discontinue probiotic, prebiotic, or other supplements (except Recommended Dietary Allowance-level vitamin and mineral supplements), fiber supplements, or food and beverage products containing inulin, chicory root fiber, or maltodextrin during the study
- not having at least one arm vein suitable for blood drawing
- unwilling or uncomfortable with blood draws and stool collections
- regular blood or blood product donation and refusal to suspend donation
- current participation in another research study
- unable to fast for 12-16 hours
- have fewer than 3 bowel movements per week
- consuming one or more servings of added-inulin foods per day over the past month
Sites / Locations
- USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research CenterRecruiting
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Experimental
Placebo Comparator
Inulin and Ty21a Vaccine
Maltodextrin and Ty21a Vaccine
Participants will consume 12 grams/day of inulin for 3 weeks before the administration of the Ty21a vaccine, 1 week during the vaccine, and 1 week after the vaccine for a total of 5 weeks.
Participants will consume 12 grams/day of maltodextrin (control) for 3 weeks before the administration of the Ty21a vaccine, 1 week during the vaccine, and 1 week after the vaccine for a total of 5 weeks.