Efficacy of Oral Verapamil and Oral Diltiazim on Reduction of Intraoperative Bleeding During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Under General Anesthesia
Primary Purpose
Verapamil, Diltiazim, FESS
Status
Unknown status
Phase
Early Phase 1
Locations
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Placebo
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional prevention trial for Verapamil
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age of 18 - 60 years.
- patients of both genders.
- ASA grade I - II.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patient refusal.
Any contraindication of B- blocker:
- Athma , COPD
- Bradycardia , Heart block
- Acute decompensated heart failure
- Peripheral vascular disease
Any contraindication of calcium channel blocker:
- AV conduction defects (2nd and 3rd degree AV block).
- Sick sinus syndrome .
- Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome.
- History of congestive heart failure.
- Patients on long-term ß-blocker therapy.
- Patients with allergy to medication included in the study.
Sites / Locations
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Arm Type
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Arm Label
verapamil group
Ditiazim
placebo group
Arm Description
verapamil group who will receive verapamil 80 mg PO 3 hours preoperative
Diltiazim group will receive Diltiazim 90mg PO 3 hours preoperative
Placebo oral tablet
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
heart rate
heart beats for minutes
Estimated Blood Loss
Estimated blood loss in milliliters per hour is calculated by subtracting the volume of total irrigation used during the case from the total amount of fluid in the suction canister at the end of surgery dividing by surgical time in hours.
Secondary Outcome Measures
The Boezaart and van der Merwe intraoperative surgical field scale.
Boezaart Bleeding Scale (BBS) (0 - no bleeding (cadaveric conditions), 1 - Slight bleeding, no suctioning required, 2 - Slight bleeding, occasional suctioning required, 3 - Slight bleeding, frequent suctioning required; bleeding threatens surgical field a few seconds after suction is removed, 4 - Moderate bleeding, frequent suctioning required, and bleeding threatens surgical field directly after suction is removed, 5 - Severe bleeding, constant suctioning required; bleeding appears faster than can be removed by suction; surgical field severely threatened and surgery usually not possible)
plasma norepinephrine concentrations
plasma norepinephrine concentrations measured by enzyme immunoassay as venous blood samples about 4ml will be collected from each patient under aseptic condition
serum cortisol concentrations
serum cortisol will be measured by enzyme immunoassay as venous blood samples about 4ml will be collected from each patient under aseptic condition
Full Information
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT04790331
Brief Title
Efficacy of Oral Verapamil and Oral Diltiazim on Reduction of Intraoperative Bleeding During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Under General Anesthesia
Official Title
Comparative Study Between the Efficacy of Oral Verapamil and Oral Diltiazim on Reduction of Intraoperative Bleeding During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Under General Anesthesia
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
March 2021
Overall Recruitment Status
Unknown status
Study Start Date
March 1, 2021 (Anticipated)
Primary Completion Date
January 1, 2022 (Anticipated)
Study Completion Date
January 20, 2022 (Anticipated)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Assiut University
4. Oversight
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
To study the effect of addition of oral verapamil or Diltiazim to general anaesthesia on the Intraoperative haemodynamics : heart rate(HR), noninvasive blood pressure(NIBP), mean arterial blood pressure(MAP), and the blood loss during endoscopic sinus surgery.
Detailed Description
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is a minimally invasive technique used to restore sinus ventilation and function in patients with recurrent acute or chronic infective sinusitis in whom medical therapy has failed. The term FESS is used to draw attention to the potential for reestablishing natural mucociliary clearance mechanism, drainage and aeration of sinuses, and maintaining as much of the normal anatomy as possible. Over last few years this technique has become popular worldwide due to its minimally invasive nature and preservation of mucosa(1) .
Intraoperative bleeding presents a larger obstacle to endoscopic visualization. Blood obscures the anatomy of the surgical field and dirties the endoscope lens leading to great difficulty in visualization (2). Continued bleeding into the surgical field during FESS not only impairs endoscopic vision , but also can lead to complications including : brain injury, orbital or optic nerve injury, and catastrophic bleeding from major vessels (e.g., internal carotid artery) (2,3).
Endoscopic reconstruction with vascularized tissue is desirable to facilitate rapid healing(4).
Various approaches have been used to secure a dry operating field , among them : conventional anesthesia , total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) has been previously reported to result in reduced blood loss when used for FESS .
However, few recent studies point out that (TIVA) may not significantly reduce blood loss. (5,6)
One way to achieve this goal "reduction of bleeding" is to induce controlled hypotension For half a century, controlled hypotension has been used to reduce bleeding and need for blood transfusions and provide a satisfactory bloodless surgical field . Controlled hypotension is defined as a reduction of the systolic blood pressure to 80-90mm Hg,a reduction of mean arterial pressure "MAP" to 50-65mmHg or a 30% reduction of baseline "MAP"(7). Pharmacological agents used include those agents , that can be used successfully alone and those that are used adjunctively to limit dosage requirements and therefore , The adverse effects of the other agents . Agents used successfully alone include inhalation anesthetics , sodium Nitroprusside , nitroglycerin , trimethaphon camsilate , alprostadil (prostaglandin E1) , adenosine , remifentanil and agents used in spinal anesthesia.Agents that can be used alone or in combination include :Calcium Channel antagonists ( e.g nicardipine) , beta adrenoceptor - antagonists ( beta-blockers ) e.g bisoprolol , propranolol , esmolol ) and fenoldopam. Agents that are mainly used adjunctively include ACE Inhibitors , and clonidine . The definition of the ideal hypotensive agent is : It must be easy to administer , have a short onset time , an effect that disappears quickly when administration is discontinued , a rapid elimination without toxic metabolites , negligible effects on vital organs and a predictable and dose dependent effect. New agents and techniques have been recently evaluated for their ability to induce effective hypotension without impairing the perfusion of vital organs .(7,8,9)
Calcium channel blockers are drugs that block the entry of calcium into the muscle cells of the heart and arteries. Thus, by blocking the entry of calcium, calcium channel blockers reduce electrical conduction within the heart, decrease the force of contraction (work) of the muscle cells, and dilate arteries which reduces blood pressure and thereby the effort the heart must exert to pump blood(10) .
Although calcium channel blockers have a similar mechanism of action, they differ in their ability to affect heart muscle vs. arteries, and they differ in their ability to affect heart rate and contraction. For example; verapamil (Covera-HS, Verelan PM, Calan , Isoptin) and diltiazim( cardizem , dilacor , tiazac , diltiaxl ), reduces the strength and rate of the heart's contraction and are used in treating abnormal heart rhythms(10
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Verapamil, Diltiazim, FESS
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Prevention
Study Phase
Early Phase 1
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
Participant
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
135 (Anticipated)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
verapamil group
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
verapamil group who will receive verapamil 80 mg PO 3 hours preoperative
Arm Title
Ditiazim
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Diltiazim group will receive Diltiazim 90mg PO 3 hours preoperative
Arm Title
placebo group
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Placebo oral tablet
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Verapamil
Other Intervention Name(s)
Isoptin
Intervention Description
Verapamil is a phenylalkylamine calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of high blood pressure, heart arrhythmias, and angina
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Diltiazem
Intervention Description
Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker. It works by relaxing the muscles of your heart and blood vessels.
Diltiazem is used to treat hypertension and angina.
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Placebo
Intervention Description
Placebo oral tablet
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
heart rate
Description
heart beats for minutes
Time Frame
for the duration of surgery up to 2 hours
Title
Estimated Blood Loss
Description
Estimated blood loss in milliliters per hour is calculated by subtracting the volume of total irrigation used during the case from the total amount of fluid in the suction canister at the end of surgery dividing by surgical time in hours.
Time Frame
for the duration of surgery up to 2 hours
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
The Boezaart and van der Merwe intraoperative surgical field scale.
Description
Boezaart Bleeding Scale (BBS) (0 - no bleeding (cadaveric conditions), 1 - Slight bleeding, no suctioning required, 2 - Slight bleeding, occasional suctioning required, 3 - Slight bleeding, frequent suctioning required; bleeding threatens surgical field a few seconds after suction is removed, 4 - Moderate bleeding, frequent suctioning required, and bleeding threatens surgical field directly after suction is removed, 5 - Severe bleeding, constant suctioning required; bleeding appears faster than can be removed by suction; surgical field severely threatened and surgery usually not possible)
Time Frame
for the duration of surgery up to 2 hours
Title
plasma norepinephrine concentrations
Description
plasma norepinephrine concentrations measured by enzyme immunoassay as venous blood samples about 4ml will be collected from each patient under aseptic condition
Time Frame
baseline before anesthesia ( in the holding area with insertion of I.V. cannula) and three hours after the end of surgery.
Title
serum cortisol concentrations
Description
serum cortisol will be measured by enzyme immunoassay as venous blood samples about 4ml will be collected from each patient under aseptic condition
Time Frame
baseline before anesthesia ( in the holding area with insertion of I.V. cannula) and three hours after the end of surgery.
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
60 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Age of 18 - 60 years.
patients of both genders.
ASA grade I - II.
Exclusion Criteria:
Patient refusal.
Any contraindication of B- blocker:
Athma , COPD
Bradycardia , Heart block
Acute decompensated heart failure
Peripheral vascular disease
Any contraindication of calcium channel blocker:
AV conduction defects (2nd and 3rd degree AV block).
Sick sinus syndrome .
Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome.
History of congestive heart failure.
Patients on long-term ß-blocker therapy.
Patients with allergy to medication included in the study.
Central Contact Person:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
Peter Maher Zaki Habeeb
Phone
00201068058088
Email
pmaher1975@gmail.com
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
23844295
Citation
Thongrong C, Kasemsiri P, Carrau RL, Bergese SD. Control of bleeding in endoscopic skull base surgery: current concepts to improve hemostasis. ISRN Surg. 2013 Jun 13;2013:191543. doi: 10.1155/2013/191543. Print 2013.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
17003708
Citation
Hadad G, Bassagasteguy L, Carrau RL, Mataza JC, Kassam A, Snyderman CH, Mintz A. A novel reconstructive technique after endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches: vascular pedicle nasoseptal flap. Laryngoscope. 2006 Oct;116(10):1882-6. doi: 10.1097/01.mlg.0000234933.37779.e4.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
3083327
Citation
Stammberger H. Endoscopic endonasal surgery--concepts in treatment of recurring rhinosinusitis. Part II. Surgical technique. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1986 Feb;94(2):147-56. doi: 10.1177/019459988609400203.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
22086769
Citation
Stankiewicz JA, Lal D, Connor M, Welch K. Complications in endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis: a 25-year experience. Laryngoscope. 2011 Dec;121(12):2684-701. doi: 10.1002/lary.21446. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
12897561
Citation
Eberhart LH, Folz BJ, Wulf H, Geldner G. Intravenous anesthesia provides optimal surgical conditions during microscopic and endoscopic sinus surgery. Laryngoscope. 2003 Aug;113(8):1369-73. doi: 10.1097/00005537-200308000-00019.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
21897501
Citation
Ankichetty SP, Ponniah M, Cherian V, Thomas S, Kumar K, Jeslin L, Jeyasheela K, Malhotra N. Comparison of total intravenous anesthesia using propofol and inhalational anesthesia using isoflurane for controlled hypotension in functional endoscopic sinus surgery. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Jul;27(3):328-32. doi: 10.4103/0970-9185.83675.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
11212044
Citation
Degoute CS, Ray MJ, Manchon M, Dubreuil C, Banssillon V. Remifentanil and controlled hypotension; comparison with nitroprusside or esmolol during tympanoplasty. Can J Anaesth. 2001 Jan;48(1):20-7. doi: 10.1007/BF03019809.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
12083972
Citation
Tobias JD. Controlled hypotension in children: a critical review of available agents. Paediatr Drugs. 2002;4(7):439-53. doi: 10.2165/00128072-200204070-00003.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
17488147
Citation
Degoute CS. Controlled hypotension: a guide to drug choice. Drugs. 2007;67(7):1053-76. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200767070-00007.
Results Reference
background
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Efficacy of Oral Verapamil and Oral Diltiazim on Reduction of Intraoperative Bleeding During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Under General Anesthesia
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