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The Pediatric Artificial Pancreas (PEDAP) Trial of Control-IQ Technology in Young Children in Type 1 Diabetes

Primary Purpose

Type 1 Diabetes

Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
United States
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Technology Pro
Standard Care (SC)
Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Technology V1.5
Sponsored by
Marc Breton
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Type 1 Diabetes focused on measuring Control-IQ Technology, Insulin Pump, Closed Loop Control (CLC), Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM), Multiple Daily Injections (MDI)

Eligibility Criteria

24 Months - 71 Months (Child)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Clinical diagnosis, based on investigator assessment, of type 1 diabetes for at least 6 months and using insulin for at least 6 months
  2. Familiarity and use of a carbohydrate ratio for meal boluses.
  3. Age ≥2 and <6 years old
  4. Living with one or more parent/legal guardian knowledgeable about emergency procedures for severe hypoglycemia and able to contact emergency services and study staff.
  5. Investigator has confidence that the parent can successfully operate all study devices and is capable of adhering to the protocol
  6. Willingness to switch to lispro (Humalog) or aspart (Novolog) if not using already, and to use no other insulin besides lispro (Humalog) or aspart (Novolog) during the study for participants using a study-provided Tandem pump during the study.

    • Study will not be providing insulin; therefore, participants will need to have access to either lispro or aspart

  7. Total daily insulin dose (TDD) at least 5 U/day
  8. Body weight at least 20 lbs.
  9. Willingness not to start any new non-insulin glucose-lowering agent during the course of the trial (see section 2.3)
  10. Participant and parent(s)/guardian(s) willingness to participate in all training sessions as directed by study staff.
  11. Parent/guardian proficient in reading and writing English.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Concurrent use of any non-insulin glucose-lowering agent (including Glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] agonists, Symlin, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 [DPP-4] inhibitors, Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, sulfonylureas).
  2. Hemophilia or any other bleeding disorder
  3. History of >1 severe hypoglycemic event with seizure or loss of consciousness in the last 3 months
  4. History of >1 DKA event in the last 6 months not related to illness, infusion set failure, or initial diagnosis
  5. History of chronic renal disease or currently on hemodialysis
  6. History of adrenal insufficiency
  7. Hypothyroidism that is not adequately treated
  8. Use of oral or injectable steroids within the last 8 weeks
  9. Known, ongoing adhesive intolerance
  10. Plans to receive blood transfusions or erythropoietin injections during the course of the study
  11. A condition, which in the opinion of the investigator or designee, would put the participant or study at risk (specified in the study procedure manual)
  12. Currently using any closed-loop system, or using an insulin pump that is incompatible with use of the study CGM
  13. Participation in another pharmaceutical or device trial at the time of enrollment or during the study
  14. Employed by, or having immediate family members employed by Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., or having a direct supervisor at place of employment who is also directly involved in conducting the clinical trial (as a study investigator, coordinator, etc.); or having a first-degree relative who is directly involved in conducting the clinical trial

Sites / Locations

  • Stanford University
  • Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado
  • University of Virginia Center for Diabetes Technology

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Experimental

Active Comparator

Arm Label

CLC Group

SC Group

Arm Description

Participants who skip or successfully complete the run-in will be randomly assigned 2:1 to the use of closed-loop control (CLC group) system using Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Technology vs Standard of Care (SC group) for 3 weeks. Participants randomized to the intervention group will use the Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Technology v1.0 during the first 13 weeks of the study (RCT phase, weeks 1-13) and then use Tandem t:slim X2 insulin pump with Control-IQ Technology v1.5 for the remaining 13 weeks of the study (extension phase, weeks 14-26).

Participants who skip or successfully complete the run-in will be randomly assigned 2:1 to the use of closed-loop control (CLC group) system using Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Technology vs Standard of Care (SC group) for 3 weeks. Participants randomized to the SC group will use their existing insulin therapy in conjunction with study Dexcom G6 CGM during the first 13 weeks of the study (RCT phase, weeks 1-13). The SC group will then transition to using the Tandem t:slim X2 insulin pump with Control-IQ Technology v1.5 and study Dexcom G6 CGM for the remaining 13 weeks of the study (weeks 14-26).

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Time in Range
Time in range is the amount of time spent in the target glucose range-between 70 and 180 mg/dL-as measured by CGM

Secondary Outcome Measures

CGM-measured Percent Above 250 mg/dL
Percentage of time with a glucose above 250 mg/dL as measured by CGM
CGM-measured Mean Glucose
Average glucose value measured by CGM
HbA1c at 13 Weeks
HbA1c at 13 weeks
CGM-measured Percent Below 70 mg/dL
Percentage of time with glucose below 70 mg/dL as measured by CGM
CGM-measured Percent Below 54 mg/dL
Percentage of time with glucose below 54 mg/dL as measured by CGM

Full Information

First Posted
February 15, 2021
Last Updated
June 5, 2023
Sponsor
Marc Breton
Collaborators
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc.
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT04796779
Brief Title
The Pediatric Artificial Pancreas (PEDAP) Trial of Control-IQ Technology in Young Children in Type 1 Diabetes
Official Title
The Pediatric Artificial Pancreas (PEDAP) Trial: A Randomized Controlled Comparison of the Control-IQ Technology Versus Standard of Care in Young Children in Type 1 Diabetes
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
June 2023
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
April 21, 2021 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
April 12, 2022 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
July 31, 2022 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor-Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Marc Breton
Collaborators
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc.

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
Yes
Device Product Not Approved or Cleared by U.S. FDA
Yes
Data Monitoring Committee
Yes

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to learn whether an investigational automated insulin delivery system ("study system") for young children (2 yo to less than 6 yo) with type 1 diabetes can safely improve blood glucose (sometimes called blood sugar) control.
Detailed Description
Participants will be randomized to closed loop control (CLC) system (t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Technology) or to standard of care where the children will continue to use his or her personal insulin pump or multiple daily injections. Both groups will use a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) throughout the study. The study system will also use a study insulin pump and a software algorithm to automatically give insulin and control blood glucose. This system is also sometimes called a "closed-loop" system. This study will take about 6-7 months for the child to complete. Study visits can be completed from home via videoconference (e.g. Zoom) without visiting the clinic or in-person at the clinic. A subset of participants will be asked to join an ancillary study with Meal Bolus and Exercise challenges during the extension phase. Data collected from the start of each of these challenges until the following morning will be excluded from the analysis of the extension phase.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Type 1 Diabetes
Keywords
Control-IQ Technology, Insulin Pump, Closed Loop Control (CLC), Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM), Multiple Daily Injections (MDI)

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
102 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
CLC Group
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Participants who skip or successfully complete the run-in will be randomly assigned 2:1 to the use of closed-loop control (CLC group) system using Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Technology vs Standard of Care (SC group) for 3 weeks. Participants randomized to the intervention group will use the Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Technology v1.0 during the first 13 weeks of the study (RCT phase, weeks 1-13) and then use Tandem t:slim X2 insulin pump with Control-IQ Technology v1.5 for the remaining 13 weeks of the study (extension phase, weeks 14-26).
Arm Title
SC Group
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Participants who skip or successfully complete the run-in will be randomly assigned 2:1 to the use of closed-loop control (CLC group) system using Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Technology vs Standard of Care (SC group) for 3 weeks. Participants randomized to the SC group will use their existing insulin therapy in conjunction with study Dexcom G6 CGM during the first 13 weeks of the study (RCT phase, weeks 1-13). The SC group will then transition to using the Tandem t:slim X2 insulin pump with Control-IQ Technology v1.5 and study Dexcom G6 CGM for the remaining 13 weeks of the study (weeks 14-26).
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Technology Pro
Intervention Description
The Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Technology Pro is an "artificial pancreas" (AP) application that uses advanced closed loop control algorithms to automatically manage blood glucose levels for people with Type 1 Diabetes. The system modulates insulin to keep blood glucose in a targeted range. The system components include the t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Technology and the Dexcom G6 CGM. The system is very similar to the commercially available t:sli X2 with Control-IQ but modified to accept the lower weight and Total Daily Insulin of the studied population.
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
Standard Care (SC)
Intervention Description
Standard of Care consists in the participant existing insulin therapy (prior to enrollment) in conjunction with a study Dexcom G6 CGM. Existing insulin therapies are defined as multiple daily injections of insulin (MDI) or use of an insulin pump without hybrid closed-loop control capabilities (low-glucose suspend or predictive low-glucose suspend functionality is permitted).
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Technology V1.5
Intervention Description
The Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Technology V1.5 is an "artificial pancreas" (AP) application that uses advanced closed loop control algorithms to automatically manage blood glucose levels for people with Type 1 Diabetes. The system modulates insulin to keep blood glucose in a targeted range. The system components include the t:slim X2 with Control-IQ Technology and the Dexcom G6 CGM. The system is derived from the commercially available t:slim X2 with Control-IQ, with additional features.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Time in Range
Description
Time in range is the amount of time spent in the target glucose range-between 70 and 180 mg/dL-as measured by CGM
Time Frame
13 weeks
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
CGM-measured Percent Above 250 mg/dL
Description
Percentage of time with a glucose above 250 mg/dL as measured by CGM
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
CGM-measured Mean Glucose
Description
Average glucose value measured by CGM
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
HbA1c at 13 Weeks
Description
HbA1c at 13 weeks
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
CGM-measured Percent Below 70 mg/dL
Description
Percentage of time with glucose below 70 mg/dL as measured by CGM
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
CGM-measured Percent Below 54 mg/dL
Description
Percentage of time with glucose below 54 mg/dL as measured by CGM
Time Frame
13 weeks
Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures:
Title
Percent Above 180 mg/dL
Description
percent above 180 mg/dL
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Percent in Range 70-140 mg/dL
Description
percent in range 70-140 mg/dL
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Glucose Variability Measured With the Coefficient of Variation (CV)
Description
glucose variability measured with the coefficient of variation (CV)
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Glucose Variability Measured With the Standard Deviation (SD)
Description
glucose variability measured with the standard deviation (SD)
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
CGM-measured Percent <60 mg/dL
Description
CGM-measured percent <60 mg/dL
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Low Blood Glucose Index (LBGI)*
Description
low blood glucose index (LBGI)*
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Hypoglycemic Events (Defined as at Least 15 Consecutive Minutes <54 mg/dL)
Description
hypoglycemic events (defined as at least 15 consecutive minutes <54 mg/dL)
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Hyperglycemic Events (Defined as at Least 90 Consecutive Minutes >300 mg/dL)
Description
hyperglycemic events (defined as at least 90 consecutive minutes >300 mg/dL)
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Percent >300 mg/dL
Description
percent >300 mg/dL
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
High Blood Glucose Index (HBGI)*
Description
high blood glucose index (HBGI)*
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Percent in Range 70-180 mg/dL Improvement From Baseline to 13 Weeks ≥5 Percent
Description
percent in range 70-180 mg/dL improvement from baseline to 13 weeks ≥5 percent
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Percent in Range 70-180 mg/dL Improvement From Baseline to 13 Weeks ≥10 Percent
Description
percent in range 70-180 mg/dL improvement from baseline to 13 weeks ≥10 percent
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Percent Time in Range 70-180 mg/dL >70 Percent and Percent Time <70 mg/dL <4 Percent
Description
percent time in range 70-180 mg/dL >70 percent and percent time <70 mg/dL <4 percent
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
HbA1c <7.0 Percent at 13 Weeks
Description
HbA1c <7.0 percent at 13 weeks
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
HbA1c <7.5 Percent at 13 Weeks
Description
HbA1c <7.5 percent at 13 weeks
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
HbA1c Improvement From Baseline to 13 Weeks >0.5 Percent
Description
HbA1c improvement from baseline to 13 weeks >0.5 percent
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
HbA1c Improvement From Baseline to 13 Weeks >1.0 Percent
Description
HbA1c improvement from baseline to 13 weeks >1.0 percent
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
HbA1c Relative Improvement From Baseline to 13 Weeks >10 Percent
Description
HbA1c relative improvement from baseline to 13 weeks >10 percent
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
HbA1c Absolute Improvement From Baseline to 13 Weeks >1.0 Percent or HbA1c <7.0 Percent at 13 Weeks
Description
HbA1c absolute improvement from baseline to 13 weeks >1.0 percent or HbA1c <7.0 percent at 13 weeks
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Number of Severe Hypoglycemic (SH) Events and SH Event Rate Per 100 Person-years
Description
Number of SH events and SH event rate per 100 person-years
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Number of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Events and DKA Event Rate Per 100 Person-years
Description
Number of DKA events and DKA event rate per 100 person-years
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Number of Other Serious Adverse Events
Description
Number of other serious adverse events (SAEs other than SH events and DKA events)
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Any Adverse Event Rate
Description
Any adverse event rate
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Number of Calendar Days With Any Ketone Level ≥1.0 mmol/L (if ≥5 Total Calendar Days Combined)
Description
Number of calendar days with any ketone level ≥1.0 mmol/L (if ≥5 total calendar days combined)
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Worsening of HbA1c From Baseline to 13 Weeks by >0.5 Percent
Description
Worsening of HbA1c from baseline to 13 weeks by >0.5 percent
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Adverse Device Effects (ADE)
Description
Adverse device effects (ADE) in intervention group only
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Serious Adverse Device Events (SADE)
Description
Serious adverse device events (SADE) in intervention group only
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Unanticipated Adverse Device Effects (UADE)
Description
Unanticipated adverse device effects (UADE) in intervention group only
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Total Daily Insulin (Units/kg)
Description
Total daily insulin (units/kg)
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Percentage of Total Insulin Delivered Via Basal
Description
Percentage of total insulin delivered via basal
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Weight
Description
Weight
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Description
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
PedsQL Diabetes Module - Total Score and 5 Subscales
Description
PedsQL Diabetes Module - total score and 5 subscales: Diabetes, Treatment 1, Treatment 2, Worry, Communication
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP) 2 Domains Each With a Total Score and 4 Subscales for (5x2=10 Difference Scores)
Description
Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP) 2 domains each with a total score and 4 subscales for (5x2=10 difference scores): Frequency (Total Score, Communication, Medical Care, Role Function, Emotional Functioning), Difficulty ( Same total + 4 subscales as above for frequency)
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
INSPIRE Survey (Insulin Delivery Systems: Perceptions, Ideas, Reflections and Expectations) (CLC Arm Only)
Description
INSPIRE (CLC arm only) 5-point Likert scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree, along with an N/A option.
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Global Score
Description
An abbreviated 9-question version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a validated tool for assessing self-reported sleep quantity and quality, will be completed by parents. Seven component scores are derived, each scored 0 (no difficulty) to 3 (severe difficulty). The component scores are summed to produce a global score (range 0 to 21). Higher scores indicate worse sleep quality.
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Fear of Hypoglycemia Survey for Parents (HFS-P) - Total Score, 2 Subscales and 4 Factor Scores
Description
Fear of Hypoglycemia Survey for Parents (HFS-P) - total score, 2 subscales and 4 factor scores: Behavior (avoidance, Maintain high BG), Worry (Helplessness, Social consequences)
Time Frame
13 weeks
Title
Number of SH Events During, Immediately After and Overnight From the Study Challenges
Description
Number of SH events during, immediately after and overnight from the study challenges
Time Frame
Up to 24 hour period
Title
Number of Adverse Events During, Immediately After and Overnight From the Study Challenges
Description
Number of adverse events during, immediately after and overnight from the study challenges
Time Frame
Up to 24 hour period
Title
CGM-measured % <54 mg/dL Overnight (All Challenge Types)
Description
CGM-measured % <54 mg/dL overnight (all challenge types)
Time Frame
8 hours
Title
CGM-measured % <70 mg/dL Overnight (All Challenge Types)
Description
CGM-measured % <70 mg/dL overnight (all challenge types)
Time Frame
8 hours
Title
CGM-measured % >180 mg/dL Overnight (All Challenge Types)
Description
CGM-measured % >180 mg/dL overnight (all challenge types)
Time Frame
8 hours
Title
CGM-measured % <54 mg/dL During the Two Hours Immediately Following the Start of Exercise for Each Exercise-related Challenge
Description
CGM-measured % <54 mg/dL during the two hours immediately following the start of exercise for each exercise-related challenge
Time Frame
2 hours
Title
CGM-measured % <70 mg/dL During the Two Hours Immediately Following the Start of Exercise for Each Exercise-related Challenge
Description
CGM-measured % <70 mg/dL during the two hours immediately following the start of exercise for each exercise-related challenge
Time Frame
2 hours
Title
CGM-measured % >180 mg/dL During the Four Hours Following the Announced Meal, or Until the Next Meal Bolus is Given, for the Missed Meal Bolus Challenge
Description
CGM-measured % >180 mg/dL during the four hours following the announced meal, or until the next meal bolus is given, for the missed meal bolus challenge
Time Frame
4 hours
Title
CGM-measured % >300 mg/dL During the Four Hours Following the Announced Meal, or Until the Next Meal Bolus is Given, for the Missed Meal Bolus Challenge
Description
CGM-measured % >300 mg/dL during the four hours following the announced meal, or until the next meal bolus is given, for the missed meal bolus challenge
Time Frame
4 hours

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
24 Months
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
71 Months
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Clinical diagnosis, based on investigator assessment, of type 1 diabetes for at least 6 months and using insulin for at least 6 months Familiarity and use of a carbohydrate ratio for meal boluses. Age ≥2 and <6 years old Living with one or more parent/legal guardian knowledgeable about emergency procedures for severe hypoglycemia and able to contact emergency services and study staff. Investigator has confidence that the parent can successfully operate all study devices and is capable of adhering to the protocol Willingness to switch to lispro (Humalog) or aspart (Novolog) if not using already, and to use no other insulin besides lispro (Humalog) or aspart (Novolog) during the study for participants using a study-provided Tandem pump during the study. • Study will not be providing insulin; therefore, participants will need to have access to either lispro or aspart Total daily insulin dose (TDD) at least 5 U/day Body weight at least 20 lbs. Willingness not to start any new non-insulin glucose-lowering agent during the course of the trial (see section 2.3) Participant and parent(s)/guardian(s) willingness to participate in all training sessions as directed by study staff. Parent/guardian proficient in reading and writing English. Exclusion Criteria: Concurrent use of any non-insulin glucose-lowering agent (including Glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] agonists, Symlin, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 [DPP-4] inhibitors, Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, sulfonylureas). Hemophilia or any other bleeding disorder History of >1 severe hypoglycemic event with seizure or loss of consciousness in the last 3 months History of >1 DKA event in the last 6 months not related to illness, infusion set failure, or initial diagnosis History of chronic renal disease or currently on hemodialysis History of adrenal insufficiency Hypothyroidism that is not adequately treated Use of oral or injectable steroids within the last 8 weeks Known, ongoing adhesive intolerance Plans to receive blood transfusions or erythropoietin injections during the course of the study A condition, which in the opinion of the investigator or designee, would put the participant or study at risk (specified in the study procedure manual) Currently using any closed-loop system, or using an insulin pump that is incompatible with use of the study CGM Participation in another pharmaceutical or device trial at the time of enrollment or during the study Employed by, or having immediate family members employed by Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., or having a direct supervisor at place of employment who is also directly involved in conducting the clinical trial (as a study investigator, coordinator, etc.); or having a first-degree relative who is directly involved in conducting the clinical trial
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
John Lum, MS
Organizational Affiliation
Jaeb Center for Health Research
Official's Role
Study Director
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Stanford University
City
Stanford
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
94304
Country
United States
Facility Name
Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado
City
Aurora
State/Province
Colorado
ZIP/Postal Code
80045
Country
United States
Facility Name
University of Virginia Center for Diabetes Technology
City
Charlottesville
State/Province
Virginia
ZIP/Postal Code
22903
Country
United States

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
Yes
IPD Sharing Plan Description
Will follow the NIH Data Sharing Policy and Implementation Guidance on sharing research resources for research purposes to qualified individuals within the scientific community.
IPD Sharing Time Frame
Generally, data will be made available after the primary publications of each study.
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
36920756
Citation
Wadwa RP, Reed ZW, Buckingham BA, DeBoer MD, Ekhlaspour L, Forlenza GP, Schoelwer M, Lum J, Kollman C, Beck RW, Breton MD; PEDAP Trial Study Group. Trial of Hybrid Closed-Loop Control in Young Children with Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2023 Mar 16;388(11):991-1001. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2210834.
Results Reference
background
Links:
URL
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36920756/
Description
Study Results

Learn more about this trial

The Pediatric Artificial Pancreas (PEDAP) Trial of Control-IQ Technology in Young Children in Type 1 Diabetes

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