Cardiopulmonary Effect of Mechanical Ventilation in Children With Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Cardiopulmonary Effect of Mechanical Ventilation in Children Underwent Surgical Repair of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy: Compared With Pressure Control Ventilation, Pressure Support Ventilation and Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a new mode of mechanical ventilation that delivers ventilatory assist in proportion to neural effort. The investigators hope to compare the hemodynamic and pulmonary effect in children after surgical repair of congenital heart disease with right ventricular hypertrophic ventilated with Pressure control ventilation (PCV), Pressure support ventilation (PSV), and NAVA by a crossover study.

In the patients suffered from congenital heart disease with right ventricular hypertrophy, the preload of the heart will be influenced by the variation of the intrathoracic pressure. The cardiopulmonary interaction during mechanical ventilation will be an important influence factor on hemodynamics after surgical repair for these patients. As a new mode of mechanical ventilation, NAVA delivers ventilatory assist in proportion to patients' neural effort avoiding over ventilation. The investigators designed a crossover study to evaluate the cardiopulmonary effect in patients with congenital heart disease with right ventricular hypertrophy when ventilated with NAVA postoperatively, compared with the conventional mode of pressure control ventilation and pressure support ventilation. Each patient will undergo three 60-min trials during the study period in randomized order. The cardiac output and volume status will be evaluated by a transpulmonary thermodilution device through a pulse contour cardiac output (PiCCO) catheter at the last 10min of each trial. At the mean while an arterial blood gas and echocardiography will perform. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Datas from the three registrations will be compared using a repeated-measures ANOVA. The comparison of each mode will be assessed by the SNK methods post hoc test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Heart-lung Interaction, Right Ventricular Hypertrophy, Postoperative Care, Congenital Heart Disease, Mechanical Ventilation

Patients underwent surgical repair of right ventricular hypertrophic congenital heart disease. Each patient will undergo three 60-min trials with 30-min wash out during the study period in randomized order. The cardiac output and volume status will be evaluated by a transpulmonary thermodilution device through a pulse contour cardiac output (PiCCO) catheter at the last 10min of each trial. At the mean while an arterial blood gas and echocardiography will perform.

Patients underwent surgical repair of right ventricular hypertrophic congenital heart disease. Each patient will undergo three 60-min trials with 30-min wash out during the study period in randomized order. The cardiac output and volume status will be evaluated by a transpulmonary thermodilution device through a pulse contour cardiac output (PiCCO) catheter at the last 10min of each trial. At the mean while an arterial blood gas and echocardiography will perform.

Patients underwent surgical repair of right ventricular hypertrophic congenital heart disease. Each patient will undergo three 60-min trials with 30-min wash out during the study period in randomized order. The cardiac output and volume status will be evaluated by a transpulmonary thermodilution device through a pulse contour cardiac output (PiCCO) catheter at the last 10min of each trial. At the mean while an arterial blood gas and echocardiography will perform.

To compare the hemodynamic and pulmonary effect in patients after surgical repair with right ventricular hypertrophic ventilated with PCV, PSV and NAVA by a crossover study. Each patient will undergo three 60-min trials during the study period in randomized order. The cardiac output and volume status will be evaluated by a transpulmonary thermodilution device through a pulse contour cardiac output (PiCCO) catheter at the last 10min of each trial. At the mean while an arterial blood gas and echocardiography will perform.

To compare the hemodynamic and pulmonary effect in patients after surgical repair with right ventricular hypertrophic ventilated with PCV, PSV and NAVA by a crossover study. Each patient will undergo three 60-min trials during the study period in randomized order. The cardiac output and volume status will be evaluated by a transpulmonary thermodilution device through a pulse contour cardiac output (PiCCO) catheter at the last 10min of each trial. At the mean while an arterial blood gas and echocardiography will perform.

To compare the hemodynamic and pulmonary effect in patients after surgical repair with right ventricular hypertrophic ventilated with PCV, PSV and NAVA by a crossover study. Each patient will undergo three 60-min trials during the study period in randomized order. The cardiac output and volume status will be evaluated by a transpulmonary thermodilution device through a pulse contour cardiac output (PiCCO) catheter at the last 10min of each trial. At the mean while an arterial blood gas and echocardiography will perform.

Cardiac output index messured by PiCCO and echocariography should be improved when ventilated with NAVA or PSV compared with PCV.

Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) should be recorded at the last 3 minutes ventilated with NAVA, PCV or PSV. The average of PIP and MAP of every breath within 3 min will be regarded as the airway pressure of every trial. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Datas from the three registrations will be compared using a repeated-measures ANOVA. The comparison of each mode will be assessed by the SNK methods post hoc test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Mean Airway pressure (MAP) should be recorded at the last 3 minutes ventilated with NAVA, PCV or PSV. The average of PIP and MAP of every breath within 3 min will be regarded as the airway pressure of every trial. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Datas from the three registrations will be compared using a repeated-measures ANOVA. The comparison of each mode will be assessed by the SNK methods post hoc test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

The arterial blood gas will be sampled at the last 5 min of every trial. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of the blood gas analysis during different ventilatory mode of NAVA, PCV or PSV will be compared. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Datas from the three registrations will be compared using a repeated-measures ANOVA. The comparison of each mode will be assessed by the SNK methods post hoc test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

The arterial blood gas will be sampled at the last 5 min of every trial. Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of the blood gas analysis during different ventilatory mode of NAVA, PCV or PSV will be compared. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Datas from the three registrations will be compared using a repeated-measures ANOVA. The comparison of each mode will be assessed by the SNK methods post hoc test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

The arterial blood gas will be sampled at the last 5 min of every trial. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) of the blood gas analysis during different ventilatory mode of NAVA, PCV or PSV will be compared. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Datas from the three registrations will be compared using a repeated-measures ANOVA. The comparison of each mode will be assessed by the SNK methods post hoc test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

The datas of organ purfusion such as lactate during different ventilatory mode of NAVA, PCV or PSV will be gathered from the blood sample at the last 5 min of every trial. Datas from the three registrations will be compared using a repeated-measures ANOVA. The comparison of each mode will be assessed by the SNK methods post hoc test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

The datas of organ purfusion such as ScvO2 during different ventilatory mode of NAVA, PCV or PSV will be gathered from the blood sample at the last 5 min of every trial. Datas from the three registrations will be compared using a repeated-measures ANOVA. The comparison of each mode will be assessed by the SNK methods post hoc test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

The total urine output during different ventilatory mode of NAVA, PCV or PSV will be recorded. Datas from the three registrations will be compared using a repeated-measures ANOVA. The comparison of each mode will be assessed by the SNK methods post hoc test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Inclusion Criteria: Patients underwent surgical repair of right ventricular hypertrophic congenital heart disease Obtain informed consent signed by parents Exclusion Criteria: Significant residual shunt (more than 2mm), residual obstruction of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) or A-V valve insufficiency. Hemodynamic instability (whose inotropic score more than 20); Significant bleed (whose chest drainage more than 5ml/kg/h); Failed to insert the PiCCO catheter Dysfunction and abnormal of esophage; Inclusion in other research protocol

Cardiac intensive care unit, Department of cardiothoracic vascular surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Medical college of Shanghai Jiaotong University