Neural Mechanisms of Immersive Virtual Reality in Chronic Pain
Pain, Virtual Reality, Placebo
About this trial
This is an interventional basic science trial for Pain focused on measuring Naloxone, Observation, TMD volunteers, VR
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age (18-88 years)
- English speaker (written and spoken)
- Temporal Mandibular Disorder (TMD) for at least 3 months
Exclusion Criteria:
- Present or past degenerative neuromuscular disease
- Cardiovascular, neurological diseases, pulmonary abnormalities, kidney disease, liver disease, history of cancer within past 3 years
- Cervical pain other than TMD related (e.g. stenosis, radiculopathy)
- Any personal (or family first degree) history of mania, schizophrenia, or other psychoses
- Severe psychiatric condition (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism) leading to hospitalization within the last 3 years.
- Use of antidepressants, ADHD medication, non-over-the-counter painkillers, methadone, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and/or narcotics during the past 3 months
- Lifetime alcohol/drug dependence or alcohol/drug abuse in the past 3 months
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding
- Color-blindness
- Pain in jaw or temple in last 3 months due to toothache or infection
- Any facial trauma that has occurred in the last 6 weeks
- History of severe facial trauma in the last 3 months
- Impaired or uncorrected hearing
- Conditions that would interfere with the VR mask placement (e.g. trauma, burn, infection)
- Known history of severe motion sickness
- High blood pressure or symptomatic low blood pressure
- History of fainting
- History of angioedema
- Failed drug test (testing for opiates, cocaine, methamphetamines, amphetamines, and THC)
Sites / Locations
- Luana CollocaRecruiting
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Active Comparator
Sham Comparator
Other
Naloxone
Saline
Natural History
NARCAN® Naloxone Nasal Spray will be used to determine how the opioid tone shapes VR-induced hypoalgesia. Participants will be stratified for sex and then randomized to naloxone (The dose of naloxone will be 4 mg, so 0.1 mL of 40 mg/ml naloxone solution given intranasally) or saline (0.1 mL 0.9% sodium chloride intranasally), respectively. Investigators, staff, and participants will be blinded to the treatment options.
Saline group, where participants will be given saline solution (4mg) via an identical spray device. Participants will be stratified for sex and then randomized to saline arm (The dose of saline will be (0.1 mL 0.9% sodium chloride intranasally), respectively. Investigators, staff, and participants will be blinded to the treatment options.
Natural history group, where participants will not be given any drugs. Participants will be stratified for sex and then randomized to the Natural History group.