Effect of Tramadol on Postoperative Sore Throat After General Anesthesia

Effect of Tramadol on Postoperative Sore Throat in Thyroid Surgery Under General Anesthesia With Endotracheal Intubation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Post operative sore throat after general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation is a common problem causing dissatisfaction and discomfort to the patients. The investigators want to study the effect of tramadol on postoperative sore throat in general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation.

Design: A prospective, randomized, controlled study. Setting: Single-center university hospital. Participants: The study included 168 patients undergoing thyroid surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Interventions: The patients were allocated randomly into the following 3 groups: the control group: patients will be injected intravenously 5ml of normal saline 15 minutes before anesthesia and another 5ml of normal saline was injected intravenously when the incision was washed and sutured；the pre-tramadol group: patients will be injected intravenously 5ml of tramadol (1mg / kg) 15 minutes before anesthesia and 5ml of normal saline was injected intravenously when the incision was washed and sutured. the post-tramadol group: patients will be injected intravenously 5ml of normal saline 15 minutes before anesthesia and 5ml of tramadol (1mg / kg) was injected intravenously when the incision was washed and sutured. Postoperatively, all patients will receive standard treatment.

The anesthesia provider will be blinded to the intervention group allocation. All patients will be blinded. The primary investigator will be blinded. The resident researcher who will be the outcome assessor will also be blinded. The care provider will be blinded.

5ml normal saline was injected intravenously 15 minutes before anesthesia and 5ml normal saline was injected intravenously when the incision was washed and sutured.

5ml of tramadol containing 1mg / kg was injected intravenously 15 minutes before anesthesia and 5ml of normal saline was injected intravenously when the incision was washed and sutured.

5ml of normal saline was injected intravenously 15 minutes before anesthesia and 5ml of tramadol containing 1mg / kg was injected intravenously when the incision was washed and sutured.

pre-tramadol group: 1mg/kg of tramadol will be intravenously injected 15 minutes before anesthesia. post-tramadol group: 1mg/kg of tramadol will be intravenously injected when the incision was washed and sutured.

pre-tramadol group: Normal Saline will be injected intravenously when the incision was washed and sutured. post-tramadol group: Normal Saline will be injected intravenously 15 minutes before anesthesia.

Assessment of severity of postoperative sorethroat using scoring system, 0-No sore throat at any time since the extubation,1- Minimal sore throat,2- Moderate sore throat,3- Severe sore throat

Assessment of postoperative hoarseness using scoring system,0- No evidence of hoarseness at any time since the extubation,1-No evidence of hoarseness at the time of interview,2-Hoarseness at the time of interview noted by patient only, 3- Hoarseness that is easily noted at the time of interview

Gender is one of the independent factors affecting postoperative sore throat. To reduce the bias from gender, we only considered female patients.

Inclusion Criteria: - Female with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II; Elective thyroidectomy(non-endoscopic) with endotracheal intubation; The patient signed the consent form. Exclusion Criteria: - History of thyroid surgery A history of preoperative sore throat; Pregnancy; Retrosternal goiter; Thyroid tumor invading trachea need trachea reconstruction; Potentially difficult airway; Clinical diagnosis of chronic sore throat; Clinical diagnosis of psychosis; Tracheotomy after operation； Transfer to intensive care unit after operation； Contraindications to tramadol； Body mass index (BMI) > 30kg/m^2.

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