The Influence of a Medication Adherence Smartphone Application on Medication Adherence in Chronic Illness

The Influence of a Medication Adherence Smartphone Application on Medication Adherence in Chronic Illness

The Influence of a Medication Adherence Smartphone Application on Medication Adherence in Chronic Illness

Medication adherence is a critical aspect of achieving optimal health outcomes. Thirty to 50% of patients adhere to long-term medication treatment of chronic diseases. Non adherence has been shown to result in worsening disease, increased healthcare expenditures, complications and even death. Medically underserved communities have higher rates of medication nonadherence and a higher prevalence of chronic conditions and often receive care at Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) which are reporting caring for increasingly complex chronic conditions. Smartphone mobile phone ownership has increased to 76% in low income Americans, but this population has been underrepresented in mobile health intervention studies. This two-group, cluster randomized by site, randomized controlled trial will investigate the effect of a medication adherence smartphone mobile application (app) which provides reminders on patient medication adherence, on medication self-efficacy, medication knowledge and medication social support. Independently, each of these concepts have been shown to support medication adherence. However in the context of delivery by a medication adherence app in a variety of chronic illnesses in a medically underserved population, little is known. It will also explore if those who accessed educational materials within the app report greater medication knowledge than those who do not and if participants who choose to use the additional Medfriend feature report greater medication social support than those who do not. The study will also explore patients' perceptions on the usefulness and satisfaction with the app features.

Medication Knowledge, Medication Social Support, Medication Self Efficacy, Mobile Phone Applications, Medically Underserved Populations

The medication adherence smartphone mobile application (app) will provide reminders to take individual patient medications and offers medication information and a social support feature.

The ARMS is a global (continuous) 12-item scale, responses range from 1 (none) to 4 (all of the time) with a possible score of 12-48, patients with low ARMS scores indicate better adherence, it is valid and reliable in a low-literacy chronic disease population.

Change in medication self-efficacy as measured by the Self-efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS)

The SEAMS is a global (continuous) 13-item scale, responses range from 1 (not confident) to 3 (very confident), with a possible score of 13-39. Patients with higher scores indicate higher levels of self-efficacy for medication adherence. It is valid and reliable in low-literacy chronic disease populations. Patients are asked their level of confidence about taking medications correctly.

Inclusion Criteria: adults aged 18 years and older speak and understand English personally own and use an Android or iOS smartphone and take at least 1 medication for a chronic illness based on their computerized medical record at the health center. Exclusion Criteria: already using a medication reminder app or other electronic reminder system such as phone alarms own smartphones that are not capable of downloading the app patients with severe dementia or serious mental illness, and inability to use a mobile phone or the medication reminder software either physically or cognitively.