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Effectiveness of Auricular Point Acupressure in Improving Quality of Life in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer

Primary Purpose

Pancreatic Cancer

Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Taiwan
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Auricular Point Acupressure group
Sponsored by
Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional supportive care trial for Pancreatic Cancer focused on measuring Chemotherapy, Fatigue, Sleep Quality, Physical Activity, Quality of Life

Eligibility Criteria

20 Years - 80 Years (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Paitent who aged over 20, with clear consciousness, is capable of communicating with Chinese, and is able to perform ear acupoints by himself/herself.
  2. Pancreatic Cancer patients who received chemotherapy in inpatient and outpatient department.
  3. The subject who agrees and is willing to participate in the research after explaining the purpose of the research.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Patient who is younger than 20 years old, illiterate, or is unable to cooperate with intervention measures.
  2. Patient who is not suitable for ear acupoint pressing after evaluated by the attending physician.

Sites / Locations

  • Taipei Veterans General Hospital

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Experimental

No Intervention

Arm Label

Auricular Point Acupressure

usual-care group

Arm Description

A 1-month regimen of auricular point acupressure, comprising usual-care of approximately 15-20 point pressing each time,3 times a day, seven times peer week.

These participants follows the standard Chemotherapy follow-up consisting of counseling by nurses and doctors.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30 )
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-C30 consists three subscales with 30 questions.The EORTC QLQ-C30 included three subscales: functioning scales (15questions), symptom scales (13 questions), and global health status (2questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.52-0.89. About the functional scale and the global health status, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30 )
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-C30 consists three subscales with 30 questions.The EORTC QLQ-C30 included three subscales: functioning scales (15questions), symptom scales (13 questions), and global health status (2questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.52-0.89. About the functional scale and the global health status, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30 )
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-C30 consists three subscales with 30 questions.The EORTC QLQ-C30 included three subscales: functioning scales (15questions), symptom scales (13 questions), and global health status (2questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.52-0.89. About the functional scale and the global health status, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30 )
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-C30 consists three subscales with 30 questions.The EORTC QLQ-C30 included three subscales: functioning scales (15questions), symptom scales (13 questions), and global health status (2questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.52-0.89. About the functional scale and the global health status, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30 )
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-C30 consists three subscales with 30 questions.The EORTC QLQ-C30 included three subscales: functioning scales (15questions), symptom scales (13 questions), and global health status (2questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.52-0.89. About the functional scale and the global health status, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-PAN26 )
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 consists of two subscales with 26 questions.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 included two subscales：functioning scales (4 questions),symptom scales (22 questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.69-0.97. About the functional scale, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-PAN26 )
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 consists of two subscales with 26 questions.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 included two subscales：functioning scales (4 questions),symptom scales (22 questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.69-0.97. About the functional scale, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-PAN26 )
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 consists of two subscales with 26 questions.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 included two subscales：functioning scales (4 questions),symptom scales (22 questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.69-0.97. About the functional scale, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-PAN26 )
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 consists of two subscales with 26 questions.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 included two subscales：functioning scales (4 questions),symptom scales (22 questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.69-0.97. About the functional scale, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-PAN26 )
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 consists of two subscales with 26 questions.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 included two subscales：functioning scales (4 questions),symptom scales (22 questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.69-0.97. About the functional scale, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Fatigue(Brief Fatigue Inventory-Taiwan , BFI-T)
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for 24 hours.The BFI-T have 9 questions. Retest reliability was 0.89-0.91.
Fatigue(Brief Fatigue Inventory-Taiwan , BFI-T)
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for 24 hours.The BFI-T have 9 questions. Retest reliability was 0.89-0.91.
Fatigue(Brief Fatigue Inventory-Taiwan , BFI-T)
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for 24 hours.The BFI-T have 9 questions. Retest reliability was 0.89-0.91.
Fatigue(Brief Fatigue Inventory-Taiwan , BFI-T)
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for 24 hours.The BFI-T have 9 questions. Retest reliability was 0.89-0.91.
Fatigue(Brief Fatigue Inventory-Taiwan , BFI-T)
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for 24 hours.The BFI-T have 9 questions. Retest reliability was 0.89-0.91.
Sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index )
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) consists of 19 self-rated questions and 5 questions rated by the bed partner or roommate. The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.83. About lower scores the higher the total score, the better the quality of sleep.
Sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index )
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) consists of 19 self-rated questions and 5 questions rated by the bed partner or roommate. The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.83. About lower scores the higher the total score, the better the quality of sleep.
Sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index )
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) consists of 19 self-rated questions and 5 questions rated by the bed partner or roommate. The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.83. About lower scores the higher the total score, the better the quality of sleep.
Sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index )
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) consists of 19 self-rated questions and 5 questions rated by the bed partner or roommate. The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.83. About lower scores the higher the total score, the better the quality of sleep.
Sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index )
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) consists of 19 self-rated questions and 5 questions rated by the bed partner or roommate. The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.83. About lower scores the higher the total score, the better the quality of sleep.
Physical Activity(3-d Physical Record;Three-day activity record)
The design to estimate energy expenditure. Two days could be any day of the week, but the 3rd day had to be either a Saturday or a Sunday. A day was divided into 96 periods of 15 mins each, energy expenditure was qualified on a scale from 1 to 9.
Physical Activity(3-d Physical Record;Three-day activity record)
The design to estimate energy expenditure. Two days could be any day of the week, but the 3rd day had to be either a Saturday or a Sunday. A day was divided into 96 periods of 15 mins each, energy expenditure was qualified on a scale from 1 to 9.
Physical Activity(3-d Physical Record;Three-day activity record)
The design to estimate energy expenditure. Two days could be any day of the week, but the 3rd day had to be either a Saturday or a Sunday. A day was divided into 96 periods of 15 mins each, energy expenditure was qualified on a scale from 1 to 9.
Physical Activity(3-d Physical Record;Three-day activity record)
The design to estimate energy expenditure. Two days could be any day of the week, but the 3rd day had to be either a Saturday or a Sunday. A day was divided into 96 periods of 15 mins each, energy expenditure was qualified on a scale from 1 to 9.
Physical Activity(3-d Physical Record;Three-day activity record)
The design to estimate energy expenditure. Two days could be any day of the week, but the 3rd day had to be either a Saturday or a Sunday. A day was divided into 96 periods of 15 mins each, energy expenditure was qualified on a scale from 1 to 9.
Physical Activity(Exercise Counseling and Programming Preferences)
Exercise preferences were assessed by questions related to exercise counseling and exercise programming.

Full Information

First Posted
July 29, 2021
Last Updated
August 21, 2023
Sponsor
Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT05139199
Brief Title
Effectiveness of Auricular Point Acupressure in Improving Quality of Life in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer
Official Title
Effectiveness of Auricular Point Acupressure in Improving Fatigue, Sleep Quality, Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer Under Chemotherapy
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
August 2022
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
February 23, 2022 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
August 1, 2023 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
August 1, 2023 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
This study will investigate the effectiveness of auricular point acupressure in improving fatigue,sleep quality,physical activity and quality of life in patients with pancreatic cancer under chemotherapy in taiwan. Hypothesis: The fatigue in auricular point acupressure group is significant improving than usual-care group at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week. The sleep quality in auricular point acupressure group is significant improving than usual-care group at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week. The physical activity in auricular point acupressure group is significant improving than usual-care group at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week. The quality of life in auricular point acupressure group is significant improving than usual-care group at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week.
Detailed Description
This study will investigate the effectiveness of auricular point acupressure in improving fatigue,sleep quality,physical activity and quality of life in patients with pancreatic cancer under chemotherapy in taiwan.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Pancreatic Cancer
Keywords
Chemotherapy, Fatigue, Sleep Quality, Physical Activity, Quality of Life

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Supportive Care
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
Outcomes Assessor
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
80 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Auricular Point Acupressure
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
A 1-month regimen of auricular point acupressure, comprising usual-care of approximately 15-20 point pressing each time,3 times a day, seven times peer week.
Arm Title
usual-care group
Arm Type
No Intervention
Arm Description
These participants follows the standard Chemotherapy follow-up consisting of counseling by nurses and doctors.
Intervention Type
Behavioral
Intervention Name(s)
Auricular Point Acupressure group
Intervention Description
A 1-month regimen of auricular point acupressure, comprising usual-care of approximately 15-20 point pressing each time,3 times a day, seven times peer week.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30 )
Description
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-C30 consists three subscales with 30 questions.The EORTC QLQ-C30 included three subscales: functioning scales (15questions), symptom scales (13 questions), and global health status (2questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.52-0.89. About the functional scale and the global health status, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Time Frame
baseline
Title
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30 )
Description
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-C30 consists three subscales with 30 questions.The EORTC QLQ-C30 included three subscales: functioning scales (15questions), symptom scales (13 questions), and global health status (2questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.52-0.89. About the functional scale and the global health status, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Time Frame
1st week after recruited
Title
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30 )
Description
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-C30 consists three subscales with 30 questions.The EORTC QLQ-C30 included three subscales: functioning scales (15questions), symptom scales (13 questions), and global health status (2questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.52-0.89. About the functional scale and the global health status, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Time Frame
2nd week after recruited
Title
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30 )
Description
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-C30 consists three subscales with 30 questions.The EORTC QLQ-C30 included three subscales: functioning scales (15questions), symptom scales (13 questions), and global health status (2questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.52-0.89. About the functional scale and the global health status, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Time Frame
3rd week after recruited
Title
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30 )
Description
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-C30 consists three subscales with 30 questions.The EORTC QLQ-C30 included three subscales: functioning scales (15questions), symptom scales (13 questions), and global health status (2questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.52-0.89. About the functional scale and the global health status, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Time Frame
4th week after recruited
Title
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-PAN26 )
Description
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 consists of two subscales with 26 questions.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 included two subscales：functioning scales (4 questions),symptom scales (22 questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.69-0.97. About the functional scale, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Time Frame
baseline
Title
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-PAN26 )
Description
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 consists of two subscales with 26 questions.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 included two subscales：functioning scales (4 questions),symptom scales (22 questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.69-0.97. About the functional scale, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Time Frame
1st week after recruited
Title
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-PAN26 )
Description
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 consists of two subscales with 26 questions.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 included two subscales：functioning scales (4 questions),symptom scales (22 questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.69-0.97. About the functional scale, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Time Frame
2nd week after recruited
Title
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-PAN26 )
Description
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 consists of two subscales with 26 questions.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 included two subscales：functioning scales (4 questions),symptom scales (22 questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.69-0.97. About the functional scale, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Time Frame
3rd week after recruited
Title
Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-PAN26 )
Description
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for a week.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 consists of two subscales with 26 questions.The EORTC QLQ-PAN26 included two subscales：functioning scales (4 questions),symptom scales (22 questions). The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.69-0.97. About the functional scale, the higher the total score, the better the quality of life; the lower the score in the symptom scale, the better the quality of life.
Time Frame
4th week after recruited
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Fatigue(Brief Fatigue Inventory-Taiwan , BFI-T)
Description
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for 24 hours.The BFI-T have 9 questions. Retest reliability was 0.89-0.91.
Time Frame
baseline
Title
Fatigue(Brief Fatigue Inventory-Taiwan , BFI-T)
Description
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for 24 hours.The BFI-T have 9 questions. Retest reliability was 0.89-0.91.
Time Frame
1st week after recruited
Title
Fatigue(Brief Fatigue Inventory-Taiwan , BFI-T)
Description
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for 24 hours.The BFI-T have 9 questions. Retest reliability was 0.89-0.91.
Time Frame
2nd week after recruited
Title
Fatigue(Brief Fatigue Inventory-Taiwan , BFI-T)
Description
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for 24 hours.The BFI-T have 9 questions. Retest reliability was 0.89-0.91.
Time Frame
3rd week after recruited
Title
Fatigue(Brief Fatigue Inventory-Taiwan , BFI-T)
Description
This scale was evaluated by self-assessment of various clinical problems for 24 hours.The BFI-T have 9 questions. Retest reliability was 0.89-0.91.
Time Frame
4th week after recruited
Title
Sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index )
Description
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) consists of 19 self-rated questions and 5 questions rated by the bed partner or roommate. The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.83. About lower scores the higher the total score, the better the quality of sleep.
Time Frame
baseline
Title
Sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index )
Description
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) consists of 19 self-rated questions and 5 questions rated by the bed partner or roommate. The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.83. About lower scores the higher the total score, the better the quality of sleep.
Time Frame
1st week after recruited
Title
Sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index )
Description
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) consists of 19 self-rated questions and 5 questions rated by the bed partner or roommate. The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.83. About lower scores the higher the total score, the better the quality of sleep.
Time Frame
2nd week after recruited
Title
Sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index )
Description
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) consists of 19 self-rated questions and 5 questions rated by the bed partner or roommate. The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.83. About lower scores the higher the total score, the better the quality of sleep.
Time Frame
3rd week after recruited
Title
Sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index )
Description
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) consists of 19 self-rated questions and 5 questions rated by the bed partner or roommate. The reliability and validity of Cronbach'α was 0.83. About lower scores the higher the total score, the better the quality of sleep.
Time Frame
4th week after recruited
Title
Physical Activity(3-d Physical Record;Three-day activity record)
Description
The design to estimate energy expenditure. Two days could be any day of the week, but the 3rd day had to be either a Saturday or a Sunday. A day was divided into 96 periods of 15 mins each, energy expenditure was qualified on a scale from 1 to 9.
Time Frame
baseline
Title
Physical Activity(3-d Physical Record;Three-day activity record)
Description
The design to estimate energy expenditure. Two days could be any day of the week, but the 3rd day had to be either a Saturday or a Sunday. A day was divided into 96 periods of 15 mins each, energy expenditure was qualified on a scale from 1 to 9.
Time Frame
1st week after recruited
Title
Physical Activity(3-d Physical Record;Three-day activity record)
Description
The design to estimate energy expenditure. Two days could be any day of the week, but the 3rd day had to be either a Saturday or a Sunday. A day was divided into 96 periods of 15 mins each, energy expenditure was qualified on a scale from 1 to 9.
Time Frame
2nd week after recruited
Title
Physical Activity(3-d Physical Record;Three-day activity record)
Description
The design to estimate energy expenditure. Two days could be any day of the week, but the 3rd day had to be either a Saturday or a Sunday. A day was divided into 96 periods of 15 mins each, energy expenditure was qualified on a scale from 1 to 9.
Time Frame
3rd week after recruited
Title
Physical Activity(3-d Physical Record;Three-day activity record)
Description
The design to estimate energy expenditure. Two days could be any day of the week, but the 3rd day had to be either a Saturday or a Sunday. A day was divided into 96 periods of 15 mins each, energy expenditure was qualified on a scale from 1 to 9.
Time Frame
4th week after recruited
Title
Physical Activity(Exercise Counseling and Programming Preferences)
Description
Exercise preferences were assessed by questions related to exercise counseling and exercise programming.
Time Frame
baseline

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
20 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
80 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Paitent who aged over 20, with clear consciousness, is capable of communicating with Chinese, and is able to perform ear acupoints by himself/herself. Pancreatic Cancer patients who received chemotherapy in inpatient and outpatient department. The subject who agrees and is willing to participate in the research after explaining the purpose of the research. Exclusion Criteria: Patient who is younger than 20 years old, illiterate, or is unable to cooperate with intervention measures. Patient who is not suitable for ear acupoint pressing after evaluated by the attending physician.
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Hui-Mei Chen, PhD
Organizational Affiliation
National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
Official's Role
Study Chair
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Taipei Veterans General Hospital
City
Taipei county
ZIP/Postal Code
112
Country
Taiwan

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
Yes
IPD Sharing Plan Description
Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after deidentification (text, tables, figures, and appendices)
IPD Sharing Time Frame
Beginning 12 months and ending 36 months following article publication
IPD Sharing Access Criteria
Researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal and receive the authors consent.

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Effectiveness of Auricular Point Acupressure in Improving Quality of Life in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer

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