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Health Communication to Influence COVID-19 Vaccination Intent and Message Propagation (CONVINCE)

Primary Purpose

COVID-19, Respiratory Disease, Vaccine Refusal

Status

Completed

Phase

Not Applicable

Locations

Malaysia

Study Type

Interventional

Intervention

Health message exposure

About this trial

This is an interventional other trial for COVID-19 focused on measuring message, messaging, propagation, intent, vaccine, recommend

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - undefined (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesAccepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

Willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the trial
Malaysian nationality.
Can understand either the English or Malay language.
Aged 18 years or above

Exclusion Criteria:

Received at least one COVID-19 vaccination dose

Sites / Locations

Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Malaysia

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm 3

Arm 4

Arm 5

Arm 6

Arm 7

Arm 8

Arm 9

Arm 10

Arm 11

Arm 12

Arm 13

Arm 14

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Label

Descriptive Norm (70%)

Descriptive Norm

Healthcare worker (HCW) recommendation

Negative attribute framing

Positive attribute framing

Risky choice framing (Safety)

Risky choice framing (Side effects)

Control message

Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Descriptive Norm

Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + HCW recommendation

Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Negative attribute framing

Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Positive attribute framing

Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Risky choice framing (Safety)

Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Risky choice framing (Side effects)

Arm Description

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) Message content describing that about 70% of Malaysians have expressed acceptance for the COVID-19 vaccine. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) Message content describing that the COVID-19 vaccine has been widely tested including with the elderly and people with existing health conditions, while subsequently highlighting that the vaccine was already received by millions worldwide. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) Message content highlights recommendation from Malaysian healthcare workers to get the vaccine, since majority of them has already received it, including the Malaysian Health Director General Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) Message content describing the rate of side effects occurring with COVID-19 vaccination in a negative frame. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) Message content describing the rate of side effects occurring with COVID-19 vaccination in a positive frame. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) Message content describing a risky choice frame which compares the death rates occurring with COVID-19 vaccination versus contracting the virus itself. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) Message content describing a risky choice frame that compares the incidence rates of blood clots occurring with COVID-19 vaccination versus contracting COVID-19. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"

Control message containing only rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"

Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Change in intent to accept the COVID-19 vaccine amongst the Malaysian adult population.

Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 4 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from '"Definitely no", "Not sure, but probably no", "Not sure, but probably yes"to Definitely yes".

Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to healthy adults.

Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".

Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to elderly.

Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".

Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to people with existing health conditions.

Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".

Intent to share message on social media platform.

Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale.Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".

Secondary Outcome Measures

Moderators of vaccination intent.

Outcome measure assessed using a series of questions answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".

Reliability of various information sources about COVID-19.

Outcome measure assessed using a questionnaire that list out various types of information sources and having participants to rate the reliability for each source using a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly not reliable", "Not reliable, "Not sure", "Reliable", and "Strongly reliable".

Full Information

NCT ID

NCT05244356

First Posted

February 10, 2022

Last Updated

February 16, 2022

Sponsor

Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia

Collaborators

Institute for Health Behavioral Research, Malaysia, University of Malaya, UNICEF Malaysia, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, London School of Economics and Political Science

1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number

NCT05244356

Brief Title

Health Communication to Influence COVID-19 Vaccination Intent and Message Propagation

Acronym

CONVINCE

Official Title

Effective Public Health Communication to Influence COVID-19 Vaccination Intent and Message Propagation: A Randomized Controlled Experiment

Study Type

Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date

February 2022

Overall Recruitment Status

Completed

Study Start Date

April 29, 2021 (Actual)

Primary Completion Date

June 7, 2021 (Actual)

Study Completion Date

June 7, 2021 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title

Principal Investigator

Name of the Sponsor

Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia

Collaborators

Institute for Health Behavioral Research, Malaysia, University of Malaya, UNICEF Malaysia, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, London School of Economics and Political Science

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product

Data Monitoring Committee

5. Study Description

Brief Summary

This is a randomised controlled experiment in the form of a web based survey study which randomly exposes participants to different forms of public health messages, after which participants will be assessed on their intent to take up the COVID-19 vaccine, recommend the vaccine, and also willingness to propagate the exposed message.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study

COVID-19, Respiratory Disease, Vaccine Refusal, Infectious Disease, Coronavirus Infections, Behavior, Health, Pneumonia, Respiratory Tract Infections, Lung Diseases, Pneumonia, Viral

Keywords

message, messaging, propagation, intent, vaccine, recommend

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose

Other

Study Phase

Not Applicable

Interventional Study Model

Parallel Assignment

Masking

Participant

Allocation

Randomized

Enrollment

5784 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title

Descriptive Norm (70%)

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

Arm Title

Descriptive Norm

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) Message content describing that the COVID-19 vaccine has been widely tested including with the elderly and people with existing health conditions, while subsequently highlighting that the vaccine was already received by millions worldwide. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"

Arm Title

Healthcare worker (HCW) recommendation

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) Message content highlights recommendation from Malaysian healthcare workers to get the vaccine, since majority of them has already received it, including the Malaysian Health Director General Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"

Arm Title

Negative attribute framing

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) Message content describing the rate of side effects occurring with COVID-19 vaccination in a negative frame. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"

Arm Title

Positive attribute framing

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) Message content describing the rate of side effects occurring with COVID-19 vaccination in a positive frame. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"

Arm Title

Risky choice framing (Safety)

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) Message content describing a risky choice frame which compares the death rates occurring with COVID-19 vaccination versus contracting the virus itself. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"

Arm Title

Risky choice framing (Side effects)

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) Message content describing a risky choice frame that compares the incidence rates of blood clots occurring with COVID-19 vaccination versus contracting COVID-19. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"

Arm Title

Control message

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

Control message containing only rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"

Arm Title

Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Descriptive Norm

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated.

Arm Title

Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + HCW recommendation

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated.

Arm Title

Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Negative attribute framing

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated.

Arm Title

Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Positive attribute framing

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated.

Arm Title

Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Risky choice framing (Safety)

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated.

Arm Title

Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Risky choice framing (Side effects)

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated.

Intervention Type

Behavioral

Intervention Name(s)

Health message exposure

Intervention Description

Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.

Primary Outcome Measure Information:

Title

Change in intent to accept the COVID-19 vaccine amongst the Malaysian adult population.

Description

Time Frame

Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration.

Title

Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to healthy adults.

Description

Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".

Time Frame

Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration.

Title

Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to elderly.

Description

Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".

Time Frame

Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration.

Title

Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to people with existing health conditions.

Description

Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".

Time Frame

Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration.

Title

Intent to share message on social media platform.

Description

Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale.Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".

Time Frame

Immediately after message exposure during questionnaire administration.

Secondary Outcome Measure Information:

Title

Moderators of vaccination intent.

Description

Outcome measure assessed using a series of questions answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".

Time Frame

Immediately after message exposure during questionnaire administration.

Title

Reliability of various information sources about COVID-19.

Description

Time Frame

Immediately after message exposure during questionnaire administration.

10. Eligibility

Sex

All

Minimum Age & Unit of Time

18 Years

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria: Willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the trial Malaysian nationality. Can understand either the English or Malay language. Aged 18 years or above Exclusion Criteria: Received at least one COVID-19 vaccination dose

Overall Study Officials:

First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree

Yee Liang Hing, MSc.

Organizational Affiliation

Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia

Official's Role

Principal Investigator

Facility Information:

Facility Name

Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Malaysia

City

Shah Alam

State/Province

Selangor

ZIP/Postal Code

40170

Country

Malaysia

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD

Citations:

PubMed Identifier

35906015

Citation

Hing NYL, Woon YL, Lee YK, Kim HJ, Lothfi NM, Wong E, Perialathan K, Ahmad Sanusi NH, Isa A, Leong CT, Costa-Font J. When do persuasive messages on vaccine safety steer COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and recommendations? Behavioural insights from a randomised controlled experiment in Malaysia. BMJ Glob Health. 2022 Jul;7(7):e009250. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009250.

Results Reference

derived

Learn more about this trial

Health Communication to Influence COVID-19 Vaccination Intent and Message Propagation

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