Impact of Stress and Sleep Management on Emergency Professionals (REST)

The investigators hypothesize that a recovery management program could have an impact on emergency nurses and physicians by improving their sleep and reducing their psychological and physiological responses when dealing with stressful situations during their professional practice. The REST study consists in developing a recovery management program for emergency professionals. The following strategies would be proposed : sleep management according to their schedules by anticipation and recovery, stress management through cardio-feedback techniques (cardiac coherence) also called controlled breathing techniques and mental imagery. The objectives are to evaluate the impact of this program on the physiological and psychological stress of the emergency professionals during their professional activity, as well as on their sleep. To do so, their respiratory and heart rates, as well as their activity and resting times will be recorded continuously for one week. At the end of each shift, the emergency professionals will report and evaluate the 3 most stressful events.

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The recovery management program consists in training the nurses and physicians during a 15-day training course to optimize their recovery abilities : sleep management according to the schedules by anticipation and recovery, and stress management through cardio-feedback techniques (cardiac coherence) also called controlled breathing techniques and mental imagery.

Comparison of the recovery capacity for self-reported stressful events after the recovery management program

During the 30 minutes following self-reported stressful events, the physiological responses to stress (heart rate) are compared between the trained and non-trained emergency professionals.

Evaluation of the perceived stress of the emergency professionals across one week of shift work before and after implementation of the recovery management program.

After each monitored week of shift work, the overall perceived stress is collected once using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS ranging from 0 minimum to 42 maximum).

Evaluation of the perceived stress of the emergency professionals during the shift work before and after implementation of the recovery management program

Before (baseline) and after each shift, the perceived stress during the experienced shift is collected every time using the Visual Analogue Scale VAS for stress intensity (VAS-Stress ranging from 0 minimum to 10 maximum).

Evaluation of the psychological markers of stress for self-reported stressful events before and after implementation of the recovery management program.

After the shift following self-reported stressful events, the psychological markers of stress are evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS-event ranging from 0 minimum to 10 maximum) to indicate the intensity of each event.

Comparison of the sleep time and latency of sleep times before and after implementation of the recovery management program.

Evaluation of the subjective perception of somnolence before and after implementation of the recovery management program.

During the week of shift observation, before and after the working time, the subjective perception of somnolence is measured using the Karolinska scale (KSS ranging from 0 minimum to 9 maximum) to evaluate the impact of the recovery management program

During the week of shift observation, after work time, the mental fatigue is measured using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS ranging from 0 minimum to 10 maximum) to evaluate the impact of the recovery management program.

Evaluation of the overall sleepiness before and after implementation of the recovery management program

After each monitored week of shift work, the overall sleepiness is measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS ranging from 0 minimum to 24 maximum) to evaluate the impact of the recovery management program

After each monitored week of shift work, the overall sleep quality is measured using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI ranging from 0 minimum to 28 maximum) to evaluate the impact of the recovery management program.

After each monitored week of shift work the sleep quality is measured using the score on the Pre-Sleep Arousal QScale (PSAS ranging from 16 minimum to 80 maximum) to evaluate the impact of the recovery management program.

Evaluation of the evolution of the perceived quality of sleep before and after implementation of the recovery management program.

At the end of the study, the evolution of the perceived quality of sleep is measured using the Leeds questionnaire (LSEQ including VAS from 1 to 10) to evaluate the impact of the recovery management program.

Evaluation of the job satisfaction before and after implementation of the recovery management program

Before and after implementation of the recovery, the job satisfaction is measured using a visual analogue scale for the effort-reward imbalance marker (ranging from 0 minimum to 10 maximum) to evaluate the impact of the recovery management program.

Evaluation of the reported adverse events before and after implementation of the recovery management program

Before and after implementation of the recovery, the occurrence of adverse events is measured based on the records.

Inclusion Criteria: Nurses or physicians In current position for at least one year Full time or minimum three shifts per week Location: Emergency Department of the Edouard Herriot Hospital or the South Lyon Hospital Free and informed consent Exclusion Criteria: Caregivers on leave during the enrollment period Pregnant, parturient or breastfeeding caregivers Participation in another study