Motivational Interviewing to Address Suicidal Ideation for Veterans at High Risk for Suicide (MI-SI)

Motivational Interviewing to Address Suicidal Ideation: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Suicidal Veterans

The purpose of this project is to conduct a randomized control trial with 470 Veterans to examine the impact of a revised version of Motivational Interviewing to Address Suicidal Ideation (MI-SI-R) on risk for suicide attempts and suicidal ideation when compared to high quality usual care.

Research suggests that treatments to reduce suicidal behavior may need to focus on both the motivation to live and the motivation to die to obtain optimal effects. The PI developed a revised version of Motivational Interviewing to Address Suicidal Ideation (MI-SI-R) to help Veterans resolve ambivalence about living by increasing the motivation to live, that consists of three sessions delivered in-person, virtually, or by telephone. Enhanced usual care (EUC) for high-risk Veterans includes safety plans administered or reviewed by research therapists, care coordination, and access to a 24-hour crisis hotline. In a preliminary randomized controlled trial (RCT) in psychiatrically hospitalized Veterans, MI-SI-R plus EUC was associated with 50% fewer suicide attempts and 41% lower likelihood of suicidal ideation compared to EUC alone. The investigators are proposing an RCT comparing MI-SI-R plus EUC (MI-SI-R+EUC) to EUC alone in a sample of 470 high-risk Veterans with recent suicidal crises from three VHA Medical Centers, with "high-risk" defined as a suicide attempt within a month or suicidal ideation > 5 on the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Half (n = 235) will be randomized to MI-SI-R+EUC (three sessions in-person, via Video Connect, or telephone) and the remaining participants (n = 235) will receive EUC alone. All participants will be asked to complete telephone follow-up assessments at 1, 3, 6, and 12-months after randomization. This will allow the investigators to determine the efficacy of MI-SI-R+EUC in reducing risk for suicide attempts (Aim 1) and reducing overall suicidal ideation (Aim 2) when compared to EUC alone.

Motivational Interviewing to Address Suicidal Ideation (MI-SI-R) was developed to help participants at high-risk for suicide resolve their ambivalence about living by increasing their motivation to live, and is delivered in three sessions in-person, virtually, or by telephone.

Motivational Interviewing to Address Suicidal Ideation (MI-SI-R) was developed to help Veterans resolve ambivalence about living by increasing the motivation to live, and is delivered in three sessions in person, virtually, or by telephone.

Enhanced usual care (EUC) includes safety plans administered or reviewed by research therapists, care coordination, and access to a 24-hour crisis hotline.

Motivational Interviewing to Address Suicidal Ideation (MI-SI-R) was developed to help Veterans resolve ambivalence about living by increasing the motivation to live, that is delivered in three sessions in person, virtually, or by telephone.

Enhanced usual care (EUC) includes safety plans administered or reviewed by research therapists, care coordination, and access to a 24-hour crisis hotline.

The first primary outcome is the presence (vs. absence) of non-fatal suicide attempts as reported on the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale.

The second primary outcome is suicidal ideation as reported on the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, which has a range from 0-38, with higher scores indicating more severe suicidal ideation.

Inclusion Criteria: Veteran status, admitted to an inpatient unit, referred by a suicide prevention coordinator, or identified as high-risk via data extraction, age 18 and over, English speaking and reading, and ability to understand the study and provide informed consent, high-risk status confirmed by suicide attempt within a month on the Columbia- Suicide Severity Rating Scale or a score > 5 on the Scale for Suicidal Ideation Exclusion Criteria: current psychosis, active mania, dementia, impaired decision making capacity, and institutionalization due to hospitalization in a non-VA facility, jail, or prison.

Members of the scientific community who would like a copy of limited data sets (i.e., data sets underlying any publication) from this study can request a copy by e-mailing the PI at Peter.Britton@va.gov. They should state their reason for requesting the data, their plans for analyzing the data, and agree not to attempt to re-identify participants. Limited data sets will be encrypted uploaded to a protected share-point; and the password will be sent to the requestor via a separate e-mail.

Limited data sets will be available per a Data Use Agreement (DUA), which will determine the time frame.