Effect of General and Non-general Anesthesia on Perioperative Depression or Anxiety
Depression, Anxiety
About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Depression, Anxiety focused on measuring perioperative anxiety or depression, general anesthesia, salivary cortisol, salivary α-amylase, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, stress response, non-general anesthesia
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients aged between 18 to 60 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II, who will be scheduled to receive anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction of knee joint for the first time. The operation time is less than 2 hours (from the beginning use of the tourniquet to the release).
Exclusion Criteria:
- previous history of anxiety or depression or mania; systemic diseases (systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, primary aldosteronism, Cushing syndrome); taking cortisol or sedative hypnotic drugs; tumor patients; smoking; pregnancy status; diabetes; drinking coffee or alcohol drinks during perioperative period.
Sites / Locations
- Second Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical UniversityRecruiting
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Experimental
Experimental
General anesthesia group
Non-general anesthesia group
Patients in GA group will receive general anesthesia combined with FNB. All patients received routine anesthesia and surgical protocols. GA will be induced by intravenously administering propofol 2-4 mg/kg, cisatracurium 0.2mg/kg, sufentanil 0.2-0.3 μg/kg and maintained with remifentanil at 0.15-0.2 μg/kg/min and 2%-3% sevoflurane to keep bispectral index (BIS) values at 40 - 60. FNB will be performed under ultrasound-guieded and combined with nerve stimulation. Using an in-plane technique, a 10-cm long 18- gauge (G) Tuohy needle will be inserted in the lateral to medial direction towards the femoral nerve (FN). As the needle is being advanced toward the FN, the nerve stimulator is set at 1 mA, 0.1-millisecond pulse duration, and 2-Hz frequency. When the muscle contraction of the quadriceps muscle is identified, the current is reduced to 0.5 mA. After the negative aspiration, 20 mL of ropivacaine 0.375% is injected.
Patients in NGA group will receive combined spinal-epidural anesthesia(CSEA)at L3 to L4 interspace with 3.0 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric ropivacaine followed with FNB , and without sedation. The FNB will be performed under aseptic precautions using ultrasound guidance and nerve stimulation. A high frequency linear ultrasound transducer 5-12 MHz (Sonosite, Inc. Bothell WA 98021 USA) was placed on the inguinal crease to identify the femoral artery and nerve. Using an in-plane technique, a 10-cm long 18- gauge (G) Tuohy needle connected to the nerve stimulator will be inserted in the lateral to medial direction towards the femoral nerve. When the muscle contraction of the quadriceps muscle and negative aspiration are identified, 20 mL of ropivacaine 0.375% is injected. If the CSEA analgesia is invalid (two times of epidural remedial analgesia) , change non-general anesthesia to general anesthesia, and the subjects withdrew from the trial.