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Online Expert Peer Facilitation of the EVERYbody Project

Primary Purpose

Body Image, Eating Disorder Symptom, Weight Bias

Status
Recruiting
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
United States
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
EVERYbody Project-Connect
Self-Help Workbook
Sponsored by
Western Washington University
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional prevention trial for Body Image focused on measuring Dissonance Intervention, Body Image, Eating Disorders Prevention

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - undefined (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesAccepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Current college students (enrolled with university email address)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • None

Sites / Locations

  • Western Washington UniversityRecruiting

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Experimental

Active Comparator

Arm Label

EVERYbody Project-Connect Online Program

Self-Help Workbook

Arm Description

Three weekly 90-minute online group sessions facilitated by expert peer leaders. Retains key dissonance activities and the inclusivity focus of the original EVERYbody Project (e.g., expanded gender focus, critically discussing the impact of limited diversity representation in cultural appearance norms). Additional activities were added, including an increased focus on body compassion (self-acceptance) and weight neutrality content to target weight bias. College students with body image interest and lived or academic diversity and advocacy experience will complete 16 hours of training to become expert peer leaders. Training includes observation, practice, and feedback on using the program manual and managing groups. Students will self-assess and be evaluated by the primary trainer on facilitation readiness. Only peer leaders with sufficient expertise will be invited to facilitate groups.

In this time-matched comparison intervention, participants will be provided with an online copy of The Body Is Not An Apology Workbook by author and activist Sonya Renee Taylor (2021). Weekly emails will assign workbook activities to complete on their own (90 minutes per week for three weeks). This low-dissonance comparison intervention covers many of the same topics within the EVERYbody Project-Connect (body acceptance and scrutinizing the diversity within body ideals) and its activities include reflective writing and drawing exercises to challenge media messages around bodies, identify systems of oppression underpinning body messages, challenge body stereotypes, and make peace with your own body. Activities within the workbook are considered low-dissonance since they will be done privately and not shared.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Internalized appearance norms
Internalization subscales from the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4). Average of 10 items; higher scores indicate greater internalization of cultural messages surrounding appearance and attractiveness.
Body dissatisfaction
Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction with Body Parts Scale (SDBPS). Average of 9 items; higher scores equal greater dissatisfaction with nine body parts that are commonly endorsed as concerning (e.g., stomach, thighs, hips). The scale will be reverse scored from the original.
Eating disorder pathology
8-item version of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q8). Average of 8 items for Global Score; higher scores equal greater frequency and severity of disordered attitudes and behaviors over the past month.
Negative affect
Fear, guilt, and sadness subscales of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Revised (PANAS). Average of 20 items; higher scores equal greater negative emotion.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Weight bias
Anti-fat attitudes scale (AFAS). Average of 5 items; higher scores equal greater negative stereotypes about fat people and fear of fat.
Positive body image
Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2). Average of 10 items; higher scores equal greater body positivity.

Full Information

First Posted
March 1, 2022
Last Updated
April 12, 2022
Sponsor
Western Washington University
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT05336253
Brief Title
Online Expert Peer Facilitation of the EVERYbody Project
Official Title
The EVERYbody Project-Connect: A Randomized-Controlled Study Comparing Active and Passive Inclusive Online Body Image Content for College Students
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
April 2022
Overall Recruitment Status
Recruiting
Study Start Date
January 14, 2022 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
June 30, 2023 (Anticipated)
Study Completion Date
June 30, 2023 (Anticipated)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
Western Washington University

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
This randomized-controlled trial examines an online dissonance-based body image program for college students called the EVERYbody Project-Connect. The online (videoconferencing) intervention will be delivered using expert peer leaders in three 90-minute weekly sessions. Expert peer leaders for the EVERYbody Project-Connect are college students with lived and/or academic expertise within both body image and diversity and equity domains who are trained and screened for facilitation readiness. The comparison intervention is a passive, time-matched self-help condition using The Body Is Not An Apology Workbook by Sonya Renee Taylor. Both interventions explore diversity and representation within sociocultural body image pressures and provide tools for body acceptance. The study is open to all college students in a universal prevention and risk factor reduction framework. Outcomes will be assessed before and after the three weeks of intervention and at three-month follow-up.
Detailed Description
To date, three completed trials of the EVERYbody Project demonstrate that a gender-inclusive, diversity-focused, dissonance based group program can improve eating disorder risk factors and body image among college students. Through active written and verbal exercises and discussion, students directly challenge the cultural messages that appearance should fit within a narrow set of "ideals," critiquing the diversity representation within appearance ideals and incorporating new strategies for body acceptance. Although peer (aka student to student) facilitation is commonly used for delivering dissonance-based body image interventions, an open training model (where all interested students are eligible to facilitate after training) may not be the most beneficial for leading inclusivity-focused body image groups. Research suggests that the EVERYbody Project is most effective when delivered by either (1) professional facilitators (faculty or staff with body image expertise), or (2) expert peer leaders (college students with lived or academic expertise in both body image and diversity topics who are screened for facilitation readiness during training). The current trial explores an online adaptation of this program. The EVERYbody Project-Connect was created from the original program after end-user piloting with college students. The resulting program consists of three 90-minute weekly sessions delivered by expert peer leaders over a secure videoconferencing platform. Expert peer facilitators will complete a 16-hour online training and be screened for facilitation readiness before being approved to lead the intervention. Participants will be randomized on a 1:1 basis to receive the EVERYbody Project-Connect or a time-matched, low-dissonance self-help workbook intervention. Participants in this comparison intervention will be provided with an online copy of The Body Is Not An Apology Workbook by author and activist Sonya Renee Taylor and given weekly assignment instructions (90 minutes of activities each week for three weeks). Workbook activities will be completed on their own as a passive self-help intervention. College students in the Pacific Northwest United States will be invited to participate in this study (universal intervention target, gender inclusive). Outcome assessment includes a comparison of changes in eating disorder risk factors, eating disorder symptoms, and related constructs across conditions over time (from pre- to post-intervention and through 3-month follow-up). Program satisfaction will be assessed at post-intervention, and program application will be evaluated both post-intervention and at follow-up.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Body Image, Eating Disorder Symptom, Weight Bias
Keywords
Dissonance Intervention, Body Image, Eating Disorders Prevention

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Prevention
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Factorial Assignment
Model Description
Participants will be randomized on a 1:1 basis through survey software to the EVERYbody Project-Connect or the self-help workbook condition
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
190 (Anticipated)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
EVERYbody Project-Connect Online Program
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Three weekly 90-minute online group sessions facilitated by expert peer leaders. Retains key dissonance activities and the inclusivity focus of the original EVERYbody Project (e.g., expanded gender focus, critically discussing the impact of limited diversity representation in cultural appearance norms). Additional activities were added, including an increased focus on body compassion (self-acceptance) and weight neutrality content to target weight bias. College students with body image interest and lived or academic diversity and advocacy experience will complete 16 hours of training to become expert peer leaders. Training includes observation, practice, and feedback on using the program manual and managing groups. Students will self-assess and be evaluated by the primary trainer on facilitation readiness. Only peer leaders with sufficient expertise will be invited to facilitate groups.
Arm Title
Self-Help Workbook
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
In this time-matched comparison intervention, participants will be provided with an online copy of The Body Is Not An Apology Workbook by author and activist Sonya Renee Taylor (2021). Weekly emails will assign workbook activities to complete on their own (90 minutes per week for three weeks). This low-dissonance comparison intervention covers many of the same topics within the EVERYbody Project-Connect (body acceptance and scrutinizing the diversity within body ideals) and its activities include reflective writing and drawing exercises to challenge media messages around bodies, identify systems of oppression underpinning body messages, challenge body stereotypes, and make peace with your own body. Activities within the workbook are considered low-dissonance since they will be done privately and not shared.
Intervention Type
Behavioral
Intervention Name(s)
EVERYbody Project-Connect
Intervention Description
3-week dissonance-based, group, online body image program (4.5 hours total)
Intervention Type
Behavioral
Intervention Name(s)
Self-Help Workbook
Intervention Description
Time-matched 3-week passive, individual workbook condition (4.5 hours total)
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Internalized appearance norms
Description
Internalization subscales from the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4). Average of 10 items; higher scores indicate greater internalization of cultural messages surrounding appearance and attractiveness.
Time Frame
Change from baseline through post-intervention (3 weeks later) and follow-up (3 months)
Title
Body dissatisfaction
Description
Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction with Body Parts Scale (SDBPS). Average of 9 items; higher scores equal greater dissatisfaction with nine body parts that are commonly endorsed as concerning (e.g., stomach, thighs, hips). The scale will be reverse scored from the original.
Time Frame
Change from baseline through post-intervention (3 weeks later) and follow-up (3 months)
Title
Eating disorder pathology
Description
8-item version of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q8). Average of 8 items for Global Score; higher scores equal greater frequency and severity of disordered attitudes and behaviors over the past month.
Time Frame
Change from baseline through post-intervention (3 weeks later) and follow-up (3 months)
Title
Negative affect
Description
Fear, guilt, and sadness subscales of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Revised (PANAS). Average of 20 items; higher scores equal greater negative emotion.
Time Frame
Change from baseline through post-intervention (3 weeks later) and follow-up (3 months)
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Weight bias
Description
Anti-fat attitudes scale (AFAS). Average of 5 items; higher scores equal greater negative stereotypes about fat people and fear of fat.
Time Frame
Change from baseline through post-intervention (3 weeks later) and follow-up (3 months)
Title
Positive body image
Description
Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2). Average of 10 items; higher scores equal greater body positivity.
Time Frame
Change from baseline through post-intervention (3 weeks later) and follow-up (3 months)
Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures:
Title
Week 1 weight bias change
Description
Interim assessment of weight bias after Week 1 of the 3-week interventions using the Anti-fat attitudes scale (AFAS). Change from baseline to Week 1 will be used to predict post-intervention and follow-up outcomes.
Time Frame
Assessed at Week 1 of intervention (one week after baseline)
Title
Week 1 internalization change
Description
Interim assessment of internalization of appearance norms after Week 1 of the 3-week interventions using the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4). Change from baseline to Week 1 will be used to predict post-intervention and follow-up outcomes.
Time Frame
Assessed at Week 1 of intervention (one week after baseline)
Title
Program satisfaction
Description
Four Likert scale items about enjoyment (e.g., "I enjoyed the EVERYbody Project") averaged for total satisfaction score (higher score equals greater satisfaction). Three open-ended questions (e.g., "Was any part of the EVERYbody Project particularly helpful/useful? If so, which part and why?") coded for themes.
Time Frame
Assessed at post-intervention (three weeks after baseline)
Title
Program application
Description
Three Likert questions to gauge the application of new information (e.g., "How often do you think about the things you learned in the EVERYbody Project?"). Items will be averaged for a total application score (higher scores equaling more frequent application). One open-ended question on the 3-month follow-up survey only to report any other ways the EVERYbody Project has impacted the participant recently.
Time Frame
Assessed at post-intervention (three weeks after baseline) and follow-up (3 months)

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Current college students (enrolled with university email address) Exclusion Criteria: None
Central Contact Person:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
Anna C Ciao, PhD
Phone
13606503539
Email
Anna.Ciao@wwu.edu
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Western Washington University
City
Bellingham
State/Province
Washington
ZIP/Postal Code
98225
Country
United States
Individual Site Status
Recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Anna C Ciao, PhD
Phone
360-650-3539
Email
Anna.Ciao@wwu.edu

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
Yes
IPD Sharing Plan Description
Data and other materials will be made available following reasonable request to study Principal Investigator. All outcome data will be included in data sharing. Socio-demographic characteristics will be collapsed into broader categories to protect participant identity. Other study materials, including intervention manuals, will be housed on the Principal Investigator's Open Science Framework page, where URLs will be made publicly available.
IPD Sharing Time Frame
Data will be made available three months after data collection is complete.
IPD Sharing URL
http://osf.io/x3k7v/?view_only=c9dbd31a4ad94a08b16421d719bc0fac
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
34014692
Citation
Ciao AC, Munson BR, Pringle KD, Roberts SR, Lalgee IA, Lawley KA, Brewster J. Inclusive dissonance-based body image interventions for college students: Two randomized-controlled trials of the EVERYbody Project. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2021 Apr;89(4):301-315. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000636.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
29105805
Citation
Ciao AC, Ohls OC, Pringle KD. Should body image programs be inclusive? A focus group study of college students. Int J Eat Disord. 2018 Jan;51(1):82-86. doi: 10.1002/eat.22794. Epub 2017 Nov 6.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
25285718
Citation
Schaefer LM, Burke NL, Thompson JK, Dedrick RF, Heinberg LJ, Calogero RM, Bardone-Cone AM, Higgins MK, Frederick DA, Kelly M, Anderson DA, Schaumberg K, Nerini A, Stefanile C, Dittmar H, Clark E, Adams Z, Macwana S, Klump KL, Vercellone AC, Paxton SJ, Swami V. Development and validation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4). Psychol Assess. 2015 Mar;27(1):54-67. doi: 10.1037/a0037917. Epub 2014 Oct 6.
Results Reference
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PubMed Identifier
16649871
Citation
Stice E, Shaw H, Burton E, Wade E. Dissonance and healthy weight eating disorder prevention programs: a randomized efficacy trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006 Apr;74(2):263-75. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.74.2.263.
Results Reference
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Citation
Berscheid, E., Hatfield [Walster], E., & Bohrnstedt, G. (1973). The happy American body: A survey report. Psychology Today, 7, 119-131.
Results Reference
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Citation
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1992). Affects separable and inseparable: On the hierarchical arrangement of the negative affects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 489-505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ 0022-3514.62.3.489
Results Reference
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PubMed Identifier
26711183
Citation
Kliem S, Mossle T, Zenger M, Strauss B, Brahler E, Hilbert A. The eating disorder examination-questionnaire 8: A brief measure of eating disorder psychopathology (EDE-Q8). Int J Eat Disord. 2016 Jun;49(6):613-6. doi: 10.1002/eat.22487. Epub 2015 Dec 29.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
28726480
Citation
Becker CB, Stice E. From efficacy to effectiveness to broad implementation: Evolution of the Body Project. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2017 Aug;85(8):767-782. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000204.
Results Reference
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PubMed Identifier
25959408
Citation
Ciao AC, Latner JD, Brown KE, Ebneter DS, Becker CB. Effectiveness of a peer-delivered dissonance-based program in reducing eating disorder risk factors in high school girls. Int J Eat Disord. 2015 Sep;48(6):779-84. doi: 10.1002/eat.22418. Epub 2015 May 8.
Results Reference
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Citation
Crandall, C., & Biernat, M. (1990). The Ideology of Anti-Fat Attitudes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20(3), 227-243.
Results Reference
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PubMed Identifier
17695343
Citation
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91. doi: 10.3758/bf03193146.
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PubMed Identifier
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Citation
Tylka TL, Wood-Barcalow NL. The Body Appreciation Scale-2: item refinement and psychometric evaluation. Body Image. 2015 Jan;12:53-67. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.09.006. Epub 2014 Oct 21.
Results Reference
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Citation
Taylor, S. R. (2021). The Body Is Not An Apology Workbook: Tools for Living Radical Self-Love. Beret-Koehler Publishers, Inc.
Results Reference
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Online Expert Peer Facilitation of the EVERYbody Project

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