Mental Stress Reactivity in Women With CMD
Post-menopause
About this trial
This is an interventional screening trial for Post-menopause focused on measuring Microvascular, Sympathetic activity, Mental Stress, Angina
Eligibility Criteria
CMD Group
Inclusion Criteria:
- Symptomatic postmenopausal women with chest pain
- age≥50 years old
- willing to undergo cardiac MIBG scan
- willing to undergo mental stress testing
- competent to give informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Significant epicardial stenosis (defined by coronary stenosis ≥ 70% in any epicardial coronary artery or hemodynamically significant stenosis determined by fractional flow reserve)
- Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤ 50%)
- Heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction
- Significant anemia or blood dyscrasia
- Severe uncontrolled hypertension >180/100
- Unable to lie flat for mental stress testing
- Pre-menopausal
- Pregnant
- Pericarditis/myocarditis
- History of percutaneous coronary intervention
- Coronary artery bypass grafting
- Acute myocardial infarction/acute coronary syndrome/unstable angina within 1 month
- Significant valvular disease, including aortic or mitral stenosis
- Sinus node dysfunction/pacemaker, 2nd or 3rd-degree atrioventricular block
- Severe lung, renal, liver, or psychiatric illness
- Current neoplasm
- History of substance abuse
- Acute illness such as infection in the previous 4 weeks
- Life-expectancy less than 2 years
- Unable to safely withdraw medications for mental stress testing
- Significant psychiatric illness that precludes safe participation in the study
- Conditions that preclude accurate or safe testing and patient refusal
- Unable to consent
Obstructive CAD (oCAD) Group
Inclusion Criteria:
- Symptomatic postmenopausal women with chest pain who have obstructive CAD in at least one epicardial coronary artery
- willing to undergo cardiac MIBG scan
- willing to undergo mental stress testing
- competent to give informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Significant epicardial stenosis (defined by coronary stenosis ≥ 70% in any epicardial coronary artery or hemodynamically significant stenosis determined by fractional flow reserve)
- Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤ 50%)
- Heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction
- Significant anemia or blood dyscrasia
- Severe uncontrolled hypertension >180/100
- Unable to lie flat for mental stress testing
- Pre-menopausal
- Pregnant
- Pericarditis/myocarditis
- History of percutaneous coronary intervention
- Coronary artery bypass grafting
- Acute myocardial infarction/acute coronary syndrome/unstable angina within 1 month
- Significant valvular disease, including aortic or mitral stenosis
- Sinus node dysfunction/pacemaker, 2nd or 3rd-degree atrioventricular block
- Severe lung, renal, liver, or psychiatric illness
- Current neoplasm
- History of substance abuse
- Acute illness such as infection in the previous 4 weeks
- Life-expectancy less than 2 years
- Unable to safely withdraw medications for mental stress testing
- Significant psychiatric illness that precludes safe participation in the study
- Conditions that preclude accurate or safe testing and patient refusal
- Unable to consent
Asymptomatic Control Group
Inclusion Criteria:
- Asymptomatic postmenopausal women, age ≥ 50 years old
- Healthy volunteer with no cardiac risk factors
- No history or diagnosis of heart disease
- Not on any cardiac medications
- Normal maximal exercise treadmill stress testing (ETT)
- Fully understanding and willing to undergo mental stress testing
- Willing to sign the informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Significant epicardial stenosis (defined by coronary stenosis ≥ 70% in any epicardial coronary artery or hemodynamically significant stenosis determined by fractional flow reserve)
- Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤ 50%)
- Heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction
- Significant anemia or blood dyscrasia
- Severe uncontrolled hypertension >180/100
- Unable to lie flat for mental stress testing
- Pre-menopausal
- Pregnant
- Pericarditis/myocarditis
- History of percutaneous coronary intervention
- Coronary artery bypass grafting
- Acute myocardial infarction/acute coronary syndrome/unstable angina within 1 month
- Significant valvular disease, including aortic or mitral stenosis
- Sinus node dysfunction/pacemaker, 2nd or 3rd-degree atrioventricular block
- Severe lung, renal, liver, or psychiatric illness
- Current neoplasm
- History of substance abuse
- Acute illness such as infection in the previous 4 weeks
- Life-expectancy less than 2 years
- Unable to safely withdraw medications for mental stress testing
- Significant psychiatric illness that precludes safe participation in the study
- Orthopedic limitation that will prevent ETT
- LDL >120 mg/dL
- Fasting blood glucose >95 mg/dL
- Hypertension, defined as resting BP >120/80
- Diabetes
- Hyperlipidemia
- Smoking
- Conditions that preclude accurate or safe testing and patient refusal
- Unable to consent
Sites / Locations
- Emory Hospital MidtownRecruiting
- Emory Saint Joseph's HospitalRecruiting
- Emory ClinicRecruiting
- Emory HospitalRecruiting
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Experimental
Experimental
Active Comparator
Symptomatic women with no obstructive CAD who have CMD
Symptomatic women with chronic obstructive CAD (oCAD)
Asymptomatic control women with no prior history of CAD or angina
Symptomatic women with chest pain and no obstructive CAD who have an abnormal myocardial flow reserve (MFR < 2.5)
This group will serve as one comparison group since these women represent the prevailing paradigm of ischemia from obstructive stenosis while sharing common cardiovascular risk factors with the CMD group.
Asymptomatic control women with no prior history of CAD or angina, who are age-matched to the CMD women; not on any cardiac medications, who will also have to pass a maximal Bruce protocol exercise treadmill test.