Rehabilitation for People With Post COVID-19 Syndrome

Health-related quality of life was assessed with the EQ-5D-5L. This is a questionnaire consisting of 5 dimensions ("mobility", "self-care", "usual activities", "pain or discomfort", and "anxiety or depression") which is widely used. Each of the dimensions has 5 possible levels. In addition, a visual analogue scale (VAS) with values ranging from 0 (worst imaginable state of health) to 100 (best imaginable state of health) is included to assess the perceived health status.

Health-related quality of life was assessed with the EQ-5D-5L . This is a questionnaire consisting of 5 dimensions ("mobility", "self-care", "usual activities", "pain or discomfort", and "anxiety or depression") which is widely used. Each of the dimensions has 5 possible levels. In addition, a visual analogue scale (VAS) with values ranging from 0 (worst imaginable state of health) to 100 (best imaginable state of health) is included to assess the perceived health status.

Activity levels will be evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. It assess the frequency and time spent on vigorous, moderate-intensity activities and walking time for each category. Higher values indicate higher activity levels.

Activity levels will be evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. It assess the frequency and time spent on vigorous, moderate-intensity activities and walking time for each category. Higher values indicate higher activity levels.

The Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire was used to assess pain knowledge. It consists of 19 items with a false, true or undecided response option. For each correct answer a point is added, the maximum score being 19. The higher the score, the greater the knowledge of pain. The questions refer to the biological mechanisms of pain or how and why pain is perceived.

The Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire was used to assess pain knowledge. It consists of 19 items with a false, true or undecided response option. For each correct answer a point is added, the maximum score being 19. The higher the score, the greater the knowledge of pain. The questions refer to the biological mechanisms of pain or how and why pain is perceived.

The PROMIS-29 questionnaire is divided into seven core domains (physical function, pain interference, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and ability to participate in social roles and activities) and a separate item on pain intensity. Each of the items has 5 response options except the pain intensity item which have a numerical rating scale from 0 to 10. Total scores for each domain are expressed as T-scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 for the U.S. reference population. Higher T-scores indicate a higher level of the underlying construct.

The PROMIS-29 questionnaire is divided into seven core domains (physical function, pain interference, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and ability to participate in social roles and activities) and a separate item on pain intensity. Each of the items has 5 response options except the pain intensity item which have a numerical rating scale from 0 to 10. Total scores for each domain are expressed as T-scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 for the U.S. reference population. Higher T-scores indicate a higher level of the underlying construct.

Pain intensity and interference were measured with the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). The pain intensity section of the BPI is composed of four items and the pain interference section is composed of seven items. For the intensity section the responses range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain) and for the interference section the responses range from 0 (no interference) to 10 (total interference). To obtain the severity and interference index, the mean of the corresponding items is calculated, obtaining values between 0 and 10, with a higher score reflecting greater pain intensity and interference. The BPI has been established as a reliable and valid tool for assessing pain severity and interference.

Pain intensity and interference were measured with the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). The pain intensity section of the BPI is composed of four items and the pain interference section is composed of seven items. For the intensity section the responses range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain) and for the interference section the responses range from 0 (no interference) to 10 (total interference). To obtain the severity and interference index, the mean of the corresponding items is calculated, obtaining values between 0 and 10, with a higher score reflecting greater pain intensity and interference. The BPI has been established as a reliable and valid tool for assessing pain severity and interference.