Demographics
Patients will provide standard demographic information, such as race/ethnicity; sex; gender identity; immigration, insurance, marital, and socioeconomic status; language; educational attainment; and occupation
Injured Trauma Survivor Screen (ITSS)
Injured Trauma Survivor Screen (ITSS) is a 9-item measure used to assess risk for development of posttraumatic stress symptoms following injury. Items are rated yes=1 and no=0. If the sum of questions 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 is equal to or greater than 2, the screen is positive for PTSD risk. If the sum of questions 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9 is equal or greater than 2, the screen is positive for depression risk.
Electronic Medical Record Data (EMR)
Data will be collected at baseline via the electronic medical record including patients' length of stay; injury severity scores; number of emergency department visits; and opioid, anti-anxiety and anti-depression medications prescribed.
The Kessler 6 (K6)
The Kessler 6 (K6) is a screening scale for nonspecific distress to discriminate cases of severe mental illness. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale (0-4). Total scores range from 0-24 and are calculated as the sum of all item ratings, with a total score ≥ 5 indicating moderate levels of distress and scores ≥ 13 indicating severe mental illness. This measure has been shown to have strong psychometric properties.
PROMIS Emotional and Instrumental Support
The PROMIS Emotion and Instrumental Support measure assesses perceived feelings of being cared for and valued as a person; having confidant relationships and availability of assistance with material, cognitive, or task performance.
Calculate a summed score across all items. All item responses scored on a scale of 1-5 where Never = 1, Always = 5
3. Score of a 50 is the average for US population, SD of 10
The Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scale
The Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scales include 19 yes-or-no and frequency response category questions. The Major Experiences subscale includes 9 questions about employment, housing, and education; the Everyday Discrimination subscale includes 10 questions about interactions with other people, including courtesy, respect, and harassment.
* no scoring needed at this time.
National Health Interview Survey Adult Access to Health Care and Utilization Module
This protocol includes 10 interviewer-administered questions from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Adult Access to Health Care & Utilization Module designed to assess when medical care was last sought, usual place of care, frequency of getting medical care and reasons for not getting medical care.
The California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) question
The California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) question allows a binary measurement of perceived prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination in clinical encounters and experience.
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
The Patient Health Questionniare-9 (PHQ-9) assesses the presence and frequency of 9 core depressive symptoms. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale (0-3). Total scores range from 0-27 and are calculated as the sum of all item ratings, with a total score of ≥ 10 indicating clinical significance.
Acceptance of Treatment Referral and Initiation of Treatment
Patients will be asked whether they considered seeking assistance for mental health needs and whether they actually sought help. These questions will be based on semi-structured interviews administered via our needs assessment that were adapted from epidemiologic interviews conducted by our team in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and recent natural disasters. Follow-up questions will inquire about whether patients sought help from family members, friends, chaplains, mental health professionals, or other health care professionals.
PROMIS Pain Intensity and Interference Scale
The PROMIS Pain Intensity and Interference scale assesses patients' pain and the extent to which it affects enjoyment of various activities in the past 7 days.
Calculate a summed score access all items. All item responses scored on a scale of 1-5 where Never=1, Always = 5
Score of a 50 is the average for US population, SD of 10.
Stigma Scale for Receiving Psychological Help
The Stigma Scale for Receiving Psychological Help assesses individuals' perceptions of how stigmatizing it is to receive psychological treatment. The SSRPH consists of 5 questions rated on a 3-point Likert scale.
Total Score Instructions: Total score of the 5 items. No Items are reverse scored.
NIDA Quick Screen; alcohol, tobacco, prescription and illicit drug use
The NIDA Quick Screen is a validated instrument designed to assist providers in screening adults for substance use. The screen simply inquires whether a participant has used drugs (mood-altering, illegal, or prescription for nonmedical reasons), alcohol, or tobacco products within the past year and how often these substances have been used.
PROMIS Self-Efficacy
The 4-item PROMIS Self-Efficacy scale is a measure of confidence in one's ability to deal effectively with a variety of stressful situations.
Calculate a summed score access all items. All item responses scored on a scale of 1-5 where Never=1, Always = 5
Score of a 50 is the average for US population, SD of 10.
PROMIS Sleep Disturbance
The 4-item PROMIS Sleep Disturbance scale assesses perceptions of sleep quality, sleep depth, and restoration associated with sleep.
Calculate a summed score access all items. All item responses scored on a scale of 1-5.
Score of a 50 is the average for US population, SD of 10.
PROMIS General Life Satisfaction
The 10-item PROMIS General Life Satisfaction questionnaire measures one's perception of life experiences and whether one likes his/her life or not.
Calculate a summed score access all items. All item responses scored on a scale of 1-5 where Never=1, Always = 5
Score of a 50 is the average for US population, SD of 10.
PROMIS Global Health
The 10-item PROMIS Global Health questionnaire measures one's overall evaluation of one's physical and mental health.
Occupational Status
Consistent with Zatzick and colleagues we will ask patients about post-injury occupational status.
Job Insecurity
The Job Insecurity measure is a measurement of the perceived stability of one's current job and ability to find jobs with similar salary and benefits.
Food Insecurity
The six-item standard measure from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service is a validated, well-established measure of the availability, accessibility, and affordability of nutritionally adequate food.
National Adverse Childhood Experiences Questions
The six-item standard measure from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service is a validated, well-established measure of the availability, accessibility, and affordability of nutritionally adequate food.
Neighborhood Environment
The Neighborhood Environment Scale measures perceived neighborhood context and provides an estimate of cumulative exposure to adversity in childhood.