Diagnostic Yield & Specimen Adequacy of Flex 19 G vs 22 G EBUS Needle - A Randomized Controlled Trial (EBUS-TBNA)
Primary Purpose
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy, Hilar Lymphadenopathy
Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
India
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
EBUS-TBNA using 22 G EBUS-FNB Device OR 19 G EBUS-FNA needle
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional diagnostic trial for Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy focused on measuring EBUS TBNA, 22 G FNB Device, 19 G Needle, Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age > 18 years
- Radiographic features of mediastinal or hilar adenopathy (>10 mm in any axis)
Exclusion Criteria:
- Hypoxemic patient (SpO2 < 92% on fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) >0.3
- Patients receiving anticoagulants or having known bleeding diathesis
- Patients with poor cardiopulmonary reserve or marked hypoxemia at rest
- Accessibility of more convenient site to establish the diagnosis
Sites / Locations
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, SGPGIMS
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm Type
Experimental
Experimental
Arm Label
19 G EBUS-TBNA Needle
22 G EBUS-FNB Device
Arm Description
Mediastinal or Hilar Lymphadenopathy will be sampled by using 19 G EBUS-TBNA Needle
Mediastinal or Hilar Lymphadenopathy will be sampled by using 22 G EBUS-FNB Device
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
Diagnostic yield
Defined as the proportion of subjects with a diagnostic EBUS-TBNA specimen if It provided a definitive diagnosis such as malignancy, infection (Tubercular, Fungal), sarcoidosis.
Or Diagnosed as Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia
Secondary Outcome Measures
The proportion of subjects with adequate sample
A sample is defined as adequate in the presence of any of the following
Germinal center fragments (centroblasts, histiocytes)
At least 100 lymphocytes per field (evaluated in at least five fields at × 100 magnification) with <2 groups of contaminating bronchial cells per field
Definite diagnosis is established irrespective of the number of lymphocytes
For molecular testing, a sample with as little as 20% of cancer cells may be adequate
Adverse Events
endobronchial bleeding, pneumothorax, hypoxemia, mediastinitis
Full Information
NCT ID
NCT05535439
First Posted
September 7, 2022
Last Updated
September 8, 2023
Sponsor
Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT05535439
Brief Title
Diagnostic Yield & Specimen Adequacy of Flex 19 G vs 22 G EBUS Needle - A Randomized Controlled Trial
Acronym
EBUS-TBNA
Official Title
Prospective Randomized Controlled Study Comparing the Diagnostic Yield and Specimen Adequacy of Flex 19 G EBUS-TBNA Needles and 22 G EBUS-FNB Device for the Evaluation of Mediastinal and Hilar Lymphadenopathy
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
September 2023
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
September 15, 2022 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
August 30, 2023 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
August 31, 2023 (Actual)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences
4. Oversight
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
Yes
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the minimally invasive diagnostic modality for the evaluation of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes (LNs). Traditionally, EBUS-TBNA is performed using either 21 gauge (G) or 22 G needle with a major limitation of inadequate sample especially when histologic assessment of tissue architecture is necessary such as in lympho-proliferative disorders and granulomatous inflammation. Although the specimen obtained with larger bore 19 G needle has been shown to be superior in terms of more cellular material and ability to subclassify malignant disease, it has more bloody samples. Recently a novel 22 G fine needle biopsy device (EBUS-FNB) has been introduced for endobronchial use after an experience gained from gastroenterology endoscopic ultrasound reporting high yield for core biopsies. FNB device has a unique design with 3 symmetrical, fully formed, cutting heels with 3 angled points to provide acquisition of FNB specimen in the form of a core tissue which might improve the overall diagnostic yield. Herein, investigators will study the diagnostic yield and safety of the 22 G EBUS-FNB needle with 19 G EBUS needle in the evaluation of mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy.
Detailed Description
Assessment of mediastinal lymph nodes and masses is crucial to establish the etiological diagnosis as well as staging in patients with lung cancer. EBUS guided TBNA has emerged as rapid minimally invasive technique to visualize the lymph nodes beyond the tracheal or bronchial wall and real time sampling of the mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. For the evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy, EBUS-TBNA is superior to conventional TBNA and almost equivalent in diagnostic yield with mediastinoscopy. Traditionally, EBUS-TBNA is performed using either 21 G or 22 G needle limited by small sample volume especially when histologic assessment of tissue architecture is necessary such as in lympho-proliferative disorders, and granulomatous inflammation. Over the years, there is continued technical improvisation, but the diagnostic yield varies in different institutions attributable to factors like number of samples and needle passes per lymph node, size of the needle and rapid onsite evaluation. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) needles of various size (21 G to 25 G) improves procedural outcome by achieving specific diagnosis without invasive surgical technique but they are inherently limited by small size of the needle used to obtain the sample. Quite often, repeat or alternative procedures are required due to small samples to provide all the information needed for the comprehensive evaluation and management of the patient. Introduction of large bore needles and core biopsy needles has added further improvement in diagnostic dimensions providing adequate samples for diagnosis and ancillary studies. with fewer passes. Many institutions still have a EBUS TBNA as a predominant approach for mediastinal sampling but several recent studies support a possible role of gauge-up needles and core needle biopsy to improve the overall diagnostic approach. Besides these technical aspects, direct tissue examination by trained personnel at the procedure site to assess the sample adequacy (Rapid On-Site Evaluation, ROSE) is an additional ideal method to improve overall diagnostic yield. However, the utility of ROSE needs further evaluation as the newer large bore or core biopsy needles makes ROSE less necessary for ensuring adequacy during EBUS TBNA due to its high diagnostic yield.
Traditionally, a 22 G EBUS TBNA needle is utilized in majority of center due to better maneuverability and lymph node opposition during its insertion into the node with an inherent limitation of lower volume of sample. A systematic review of 33 studies involving 2698 patients of lung cancer showed pooled probability of obtaining a sufficient sample of 94.5% which was adequate for anaplastic lymphoma (ALK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation but there was an uncertainty regarding sample suitability for next generation sequencing. Subsequently, a 21 G needle was introduced to acquire more tissue in the form of core biopsy like material for molecular profiling. However, comparative studies showed conflicting results for specimen adequacy and diagnostic yield between the two (21 G vs 22 G) needle sizes. Although there was a high success rate of diagnosis with both needles, better characterization of non-malignant diseases and histologic preservation of malignant disease was evident with 21 G needles. To enable the core tissue sampling with flexibility of needle a new Pro-Core needle was developed. However, a recent pilot study evaluating the Echo Tip Pro-Core needle showed no additional benefits to specimen adequacy when compared with conventional needles. In a randomized study of sarcoid patients, Recent study showed no difference in the sensitivity, specimen adequacy, or safety of EBUS-TBNA when performed with the Pro-Core or the conventional needle. Continual development to yield better results, a gauge-up 19 G needle was introduced to address the challenges with diagnostic accuracy in lymphoma and sarcoidosis. The flexibility of the 19 G needle with larger tissue specimen for cytology and histology assessment addressed some of the technical limitation of earlier EBUS-TBNA with no complications. The performance of 19 G needle in comparison to 21 G or 22 G needle showed no difference in diagnostic yield in multiple studies. Although the specimen obtained with gauge-up needles like 19 G needle has been shown to be superior in terms of more cellular material and ability to subclassify malignant or granulomatous disease, its utility is limited by more bloody samples. These reports suggests, in a subset of conditions which requires tissue architectures for establishing the diagnosis, a larger bore needles may be more useful.
Considering, no statistically significant difference in diagnostic yield in studies comparing different needle size, a FNB devise through an EBUS procuring exclusive core tissue might be beneficial. Although, the benefits of a 22 G FNB device showing improved diagnostic yield with core tissue in patients with gastrointestinal diseases, there is limited data showing benefits of FNB devise used through EBUS for mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The first retrospective study of 100 patients using EBUS FNB reported core biopsy sample in 87% patients with diagnostic yield approaching 97%.. Herein, investigators intend to study the diagnostic yield and safety of the 22 G EBUS-FNB needle in comparison with 19 G EBUS-FNA needle in the evaluation of mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. Investigators hypothesize that both needle will have a similar diagnostic yield due to the acquisition of a better and core tissue specimen.
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy, Hilar Lymphadenopathy
Keywords
EBUS TBNA, 22 G FNB Device, 19 G Needle, Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Diagnostic
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
Outcomes Assessor
Masking Description
Cytologist and Histopathologist evaluating Diagnostic Yield and Specimen Accuracy will be blinded for type of needle used to minimize the potential of bias
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
150 (Actual)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
19 G EBUS-TBNA Needle
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Mediastinal or Hilar Lymphadenopathy will be sampled by using 19 G EBUS-TBNA Needle
Arm Title
22 G EBUS-FNB Device
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Mediastinal or Hilar Lymphadenopathy will be sampled by using 22 G EBUS-FNB Device
Intervention Type
Procedure
Intervention Name(s)
EBUS-TBNA using 22 G EBUS-FNB Device OR 19 G EBUS-FNA needle
Intervention Description
Both arm will be interventional where mediastinal lymph nodes will be sampled by two typs of needle
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Diagnostic yield
Description
Defined as the proportion of subjects with a diagnostic EBUS-TBNA specimen if It provided a definitive diagnosis such as malignancy, infection (Tubercular, Fungal), sarcoidosis.
Or Diagnosed as Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia
Time Frame
1 Week
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
The proportion of subjects with adequate sample
Description
A sample is defined as adequate in the presence of any of the following
Germinal center fragments (centroblasts, histiocytes)
At least 100 lymphocytes per field (evaluated in at least five fields at × 100 magnification) with <2 groups of contaminating bronchial cells per field
Definite diagnosis is established irrespective of the number of lymphocytes
For molecular testing, a sample with as little as 20% of cancer cells may be adequate
Time Frame
1 Week
Title
Adverse Events
Description
endobronchial bleeding, pneumothorax, hypoxemia, mediastinitis
Time Frame
During or within 24 hours of the procedure
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Age > 18 years
Radiographic features of mediastinal or hilar adenopathy (>10 mm in any axis)
Exclusion Criteria:
Hypoxemic patient (SpO2 < 92% on fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) >0.3
Patients receiving anticoagulants or having known bleeding diathesis
Patients with poor cardiopulmonary reserve or marked hypoxemia at rest
Accessibility of more convenient site to establish the diagnosis
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Ajmal Khan, MD, DM
Organizational Affiliation
SGPGIMS
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, SGPGIMS
City
Lucknow
State/Province
U P
ZIP/Postal Code
226014
Country
India
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Plan to Share IPD
No
IPD Sharing Plan Description
Final Excel Sheet with individual data duly completed
Learn more about this trial
Diagnostic Yield & Specimen Adequacy of Flex 19 G vs 22 G EBUS Needle - A Randomized Controlled Trial
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