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Effects of Nigella Sativa Oil on Pain Intensity and Physical Functions in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

Primary Purpose

Knee Osteoarthritis

Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Turkey
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Nigella sativa oil
Naproxen and lidocaine gel
Massage
Sponsored by
Sultan ÇEÇEN
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional supportive care trial for Knee Osteoarthritis focused on measuring Nursing, Osteoarthritis, Nigella sativa, Pain, Massage

Eligibility Criteria

50 Years - 80 Years (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

  • - 50 years or older,
  • Can speak Turkish and have no communication problems,
  • Diagnosed with knee OA by the physician according to the ACR criteria, and grade 2-3 according to the radiological classification of Kellgren and Lawrence,
  • Having knee pain in the last three months and needing analgesics more than 15 days in a month,
  • Does not use gel for analgesic purposes locally on the knee area,
  • Able to walk
  • Having crepitus in motion,
  • No inflammatory disease
  • No history of malignancy,
  • Does not have an open wound in the application area,
  • No known allergic condition to Nigella sativa oil, naproxen and lidocaine gel and vaseline,
  • Patients without any psychiatric disorders were included in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • - under the age of 50,
  • Blindness or deafness
  • Does not speak Turkish and cannot be communicated,
  • Any disease that cannot be cured,
  • Having a physical disability in the area where the application will be made,
  • Any skin disease in the area to be treated,
  • Having large scar tissue in the area to be treated,
  • Having a history of physical trauma in the last three months in the area to be treated,
  • Any peripheral vascular disease in the area to be treated,
  • With inflammatory joint disease,
  • Having a history of rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia,
  • Using any complementary and integrative (integrated) health application in the last three months,
  • Those who have been treated with drugs into the joint in the last three months,
  • Receiving pain blocking therapy in the last year,
  • Receiving physical therapy in the last three months and during the application,
  • Using antipsychotic, narcotic and corticosteroids,
  • Patients with different analgesic use or irregular drug use were not included in the study

Sites / Locations

  • Hitit University

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm 3

Arm Type

Experimental

Experimental

Placebo Comparator

Arm Label

Nigella sativa oil group

Naproxen and lidocaine gel group

Massage group

Arm Description

1 ml of nigella sativa oil was applied to both knee areas of the nigella sativa oil group by massaging for 2 minutes three times a day for 21 days.

1 ml of naproxen and lidocaine gel was applied to both knee areas of the naproxen and lidocaine gel group by massaging for 2 minutes three times a day for 21 days.

1 ml of vaseline was applied to both knee areas of the massage group by massaging for 2 minutes three times a day for 21 days.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

1st Measurement
In the first measurement, "Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index" were applied to the patients included in the Nigella sativa oil, naproxen and lidocaine gel and massage groups. The scores that can be obtained from the scale are 0-20 for pain, 0-8 for stiffness, and 0-68 for difficulty in performing daily physical activities. Higher scores indicate more symptoms and increased physical limitation.

Secondary Outcome Measures

2nd Measurement/ seventh day
The second measurement was obtained by reapplying Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index . The scores that can be obtained from the scale are 0-20 for pain, 0-8 for stiffness, and 0-68 for difficulty in performing daily physical activities. Higher scores indicate more symptoms and increased physical limitation.

Full Information

First Posted
August 28, 2022
Last Updated
September 13, 2023
Sponsor
Sultan ÇEÇEN
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT05541185
Brief Title
Effects of Nigella Sativa Oil on Pain Intensity and Physical Functions in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Official Title
Effects of Nigella Sativa Oil on Pain Intensity and Physical Functions in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
September 2023
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
February 15, 2021 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
February 22, 2021 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
March 31, 2021 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor-Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Sultan ÇEÇEN

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
Purpose: The study was conducted to determine the effect of 1 ml of nigella sativa oil applied for 2 minutes three times a day for 21 days on pain severity and physical functions in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Design and methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted with patients diagnosed with knee OA and admitted to the physical therapy outpatient clinic of a public hospital in Turkey between February 15, 2021 and March 31, 2021. A total of 75 patients were included in the study, and 25 of them were assigned to the nigella sativa oil group, 25 to the naproxen and lidocaine gel group, and 25 to the massage group. Research data were collected using the "Patient Information Form", "Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index = WOMAC)" and knee joint range measurements were made. For 21 days, both knees were massaged for 2 minutes 3 times a day, 1 ml of nigella sativa oil was applied to the patients in the nigella sativa oil group, 1 ml of naproxen and lidocaine gel was applied to the patients in the naproxen and lidocaine gel group, and 1 ml of liquid vaseline was applied to the patients in the massage group.
Detailed Description
Osteoarthritis (OA); It is a chronic degenerative joint disease that is frequently seen in all societies due to many factors such as age, gender, genetics, osteoporosis, high activity level, diet, obesity and occupation, negatively affecting the quality of life and causing problems such as joint pain and limitation of movement in the affected joint. Articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial membrane and periarticular muscles as well as all joint structures are affected by this disease. According to the Health Research data conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute in 2019, it was determined that 14.6% of women over the age of 15, 7.6% of men and 11.2% of the general total had arthritis problems in Turkey. The World Health Organization estimates that 18% of women over the age of 60 and 9.6% of men worldwide experience OA symptoms, 80% of them develop limitation of movement due to pain and loss of function, and 25% are unable to perform activities of daily living. OA, whose incidence and prevalence increases with aging in particular, affects the knee, waist, neck, hip and hand at a high rate, while it affects the shoulder and ankle at a low rate. Common complaints; joint pain, stiffness, edema on the joint, a feeling of being stuck with the movement of the joint, and decreased range of motion. It is stated that the condition that most affects the patient is pain and psychological changes related to the disease. Since current medical treatment approaches cannot prevent tissue degeneration in OA, relief of pain and improvement of joint functions are at the forefront of treatment. In this respect, integrative approaches consisting of pharmacological, non-pharmacological and surgical or a combination of these are used in the treatment. In pharmacological treatment, starting with paracetamol according to the severity of the pain and increasing the severity of pain, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), COX-2 inhibitors, and topical drugs are switched. In addition, in some selected cases, intra-articular steroid and hyaluronic acid injections and centrally acting analgesic drugs are also preferred. However, it is stated that these drugs should be used with caution in terms of their efficacy and side effects, and gastrointestinal and renal side effects are more common in long-term use of NSAIDs, especially in elderly individuals. Rest, regular aerobics, muscle strengthening and range of motion exercises, aquatic exercise, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, crutches, walker, cane, corset, elastic bandage, insoles and appropriate shoes use, weight loss as well as joint protection of the patient and coping with the disease. Education about methods constitutes non-pharmacological treatment. In surgical treatment, osteotomy, arthroscopy and, as a last resort, arthroplasty are performed in patients with persistent pain whose activities of daily living are severely restricted. In the Consensus Report of the Turkish Rheumatism Research and Combat Association (2012), evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of knee OA; It is stated that integrative treatments can be used in addition to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, provided that they are monitored in terms of their effects and side effects. In the literature, it has been observed that integrative treatments such as massage therapy, herbal treatments, balneotherapy, acupuncture, and Tai chi are effective for OA. It is stated that among the integrated treatments, especially herbal medicines have been used in articular diseases for 2000 years and they do not have any side effects, and in recent years, medicinal plants have become a new source of medicine due to many side effects of synthetic drugs. One of these medicinal herbal remedies is nigella sativa oil, which belongs to the Ranunculaceae family, commonly known as black cumin in traditional medicine. The active nutraceutical ingredient of the oil is thymoquinone. Nigella sativa oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid and can relieve pain by inhibiting the activity of the cyclooxygenase enzyme, as well as showing anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticonvulsant, anticancer, anti-aging, immunomodulator, antimicrobial, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, hepatoprotective, renoprotective, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. is also indicated. A limited number of studies have been found in the literature indicating that nigella sativa oil reduces pain and improves physical function in patients with OA. Therefore, in this study, it was aimed to examine the effect of 1 ml of nigella sativa oil applied with massage for 2 minutes three times a day for 21 days on pain severity and physical functions in patients with knee OA and to contribute to the literature.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Knee Osteoarthritis
Keywords
Nursing, Osteoarthritis, Nigella sativa, Pain, Massage

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Supportive Care
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
75 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Nigella sativa oil group
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
1 ml of nigella sativa oil was applied to both knee areas of the nigella sativa oil group by massaging for 2 minutes three times a day for 21 days.
Arm Title
Naproxen and lidocaine gel group
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
1 ml of naproxen and lidocaine gel was applied to both knee areas of the naproxen and lidocaine gel group by massaging for 2 minutes three times a day for 21 days.
Arm Title
Massage group
Arm Type
Placebo Comparator
Arm Description
1 ml of vaseline was applied to both knee areas of the massage group by massaging for 2 minutes three times a day for 21 days.
Intervention Type
Biological
Intervention Name(s)
Nigella sativa oil
Intervention Description
1 ml of nigella sativa oil was applied to both knee areas of the nigella sativa oil group by massaging for 2 minutes three times a day for 21 days.
Intervention Type
Biological
Intervention Name(s)
Naproxen and lidocaine gel
Intervention Description
1 ml of Naproxen and lidocaine gel was applied to both knee areas of the Naproxen and lidocaine gel group by massaging for 2 minutes three times a day for 21 days.
Intervention Type
Biological
Intervention Name(s)
Massage
Intervention Description
1 ml of vaseline was applied to both knee areas of the massage group by massaging for 2 minutes three times a day for 21 days.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
1st Measurement
Description
In the first measurement, "Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index" were applied to the patients included in the Nigella sativa oil, naproxen and lidocaine gel and massage groups. The scores that can be obtained from the scale are 0-20 for pain, 0-8 for stiffness, and 0-68 for difficulty in performing daily physical activities. Higher scores indicate more symptoms and increased physical limitation.
Time Frame
first day
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
2nd Measurement/ seventh day
Description
The second measurement was obtained by reapplying Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index . The scores that can be obtained from the scale are 0-20 for pain, 0-8 for stiffness, and 0-68 for difficulty in performing daily physical activities. Higher scores indicate more symptoms and increased physical limitation.
Time Frame
seventh day
Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures:
Title
3rd Measurement
Description
The third measurement was obtained by reapplication of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. The scores that can be obtained from the scale are 0-20 for pain, 0-8 for stiffness, and 0-68 for difficulty in performing daily physical activities. Higher scores indicate more symptoms and increased physical limitation.
Time Frame
the fourteenth day
Title
4th Measurement
Description
Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index was applied for the last time and the 4th measurement results were obtained by evaluating the knee joint range with a goniometer. The scores that can be obtained from the scale are 0-20 for pain, 0-8 for stiffness, and 0-68 for difficulty in performing daily physical activities. Higher scores indicate more symptoms and increased physical limitation.
Time Frame
twenty-first day

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
50 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
80 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: - 50 years or older, Can speak Turkish and have no communication problems, Diagnosed with knee OA by the physician according to the ACR criteria, and grade 2-3 according to the radiological classification of Kellgren and Lawrence, Having knee pain in the last three months and needing analgesics more than 15 days in a month, Does not use gel for analgesic purposes locally on the knee area, Able to walk Having crepitus in motion, No inflammatory disease No history of malignancy, Does not have an open wound in the application area, No known allergic condition to Nigella sativa oil, naproxen and lidocaine gel and vaseline, Patients without any psychiatric disorders were included in the study Exclusion Criteria: - under the age of 50, Blindness or deafness Does not speak Turkish and cannot be communicated, Any disease that cannot be cured, Having a physical disability in the area where the application will be made, Any skin disease in the area to be treated, Having large scar tissue in the area to be treated, Having a history of physical trauma in the last three months in the area to be treated, Any peripheral vascular disease in the area to be treated, With inflammatory joint disease, Having a history of rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia, Using any complementary and integrative (integrated) health application in the last three months, Those who have been treated with drugs into the joint in the last three months, Receiving pain blocking therapy in the last year, Receiving physical therapy in the last three months and during the application, Using antipsychotic, narcotic and corticosteroids, Patients with different analgesic use or irregular drug use were not included in the study
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Hitit University
City
Çorum
ZIP/Postal Code
19030
Country
Turkey

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
Yes
IPD Sharing Plan Description
De-identified individual participation data will be made available for all outcome measures.
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
28344755
Citation
Kooshki A, Forouzan R, Rakhshani MH, Mohammadi M. Effect of Topical Application of Nigella Sativa Oil and Oral Acetaminophen on Pain in Elderly with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Crossover Clinical Trial. Electron Physician. 2016 Nov 25;8(11):3193-3197. doi: 10.19082/3193. eCollection 2016 Nov.
Results Reference
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PubMed Identifier
26584456
Citation
Huseini HF, Kianbakht S, Mirshamsi MH, Zarch AB. Effectiveness of Topical Nigella sativa Seed Oil in the Treatment of Cyclic Mastalgia: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Active, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Planta Med. 2016 Mar;82(4):285-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1558208. Epub 2015 Nov 19.
Results Reference
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Effects of Nigella Sativa Oil on Pain Intensity and Physical Functions in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

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