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A Dimensional Model for Personality Disorders in Later Life

Primary Purpose

Psychiatric Disorders

Status
Recruiting
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
International
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
PID-5-BF+M and LPFS-BF 2.0 (self-report questionnaires)
Secondary Questionnaires (self-report and informant questionnaires)
Clinical Ratings of the dimensional model
PID-5-BF+M and LPFS-BF 2.0 (Informant questionnaires)
Sponsored by
Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional diagnostic trial for Psychiatric Disorders focused on measuring Personality Psychology, Aging, Psychological Assessment

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - undefined (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesAccepts Healthy Volunteers

Clinical population (inpatients and outpatients)

Inclusion Criteria:

  • ONLY older adults: from the age of 65
  • Dutch speaking

Exclusion Criteria (as evaluated by the psychiatrists and psychologists of the participating institutions):

  • Severe cognitive impairment (Patients who are admitted because of cognitive impairment will be excluded from the participant pool, other than this the psychiatrists and psychologists of the participating institutions will make an evaluation of the patients' cognitive capacities)
  • Acute state of mental impairment which would interfere with the reliability of the patients' responses (for example severe psychosis), as evaluated by the psychiatrists and psychologist of the participating institutions.

Sites / Locations

  • Alexianen Zorggroep TienenRecruiting
  • Mondriaan

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Other

Other

Arm Label

General population

Clinical Population

Arm Description

In this group, younger adults (18-64) and older (from 65 and older) from the general population are included. The participants fill in questionnaires.

In this group, in- and outpatients from the clinical population are included. This are older adults, from the age of 65 with varying psychological pathologies (such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, substance use disorders, developmental disorders, personality pathology, grief, trauma-related disorders, psychosocial problems, psychosis and schizophrenia-related disorders and somatic disorders). The patients fill in questionnaires and a randomly selected smaller group of patients will conduct a clinical interview.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

PID-5-BF+M questionnaire
Item scores, scale scores and total scores of the questionnaire Items: - 38 items (36 original items + 2 additional items) Scale scores: 19 personality facets (18 original facet scores + additional facet made up from the additional items) (Emotional Lability, Anxiety, Separation Insecurity, Withdrawal, Anhedonia, Intimacy Avoidance, Manipulativeness, Deceitfulness, Grandiosity, Irresponsibility, Impulsivity, Distractibility, Perfectionism, Rigidity, Orderliness, Unusual Beliefs & Experiences, Eccentricity, Perceptual Dysregulation and Perseveration) 7 personality domains (6 original domains + alternative composition of the Anankastia domain)(Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition, Anankastia, Psychoticism and Anankastia by Kerber et al., 2019)
LPFS-BF 2.0 questionnaire
Item scores, scale scores and total scores of the questionnaire Items: - 12 items Scale scores: - 4 domains of personality functioning (identity, intimacy, self-direction and empathy)

Secondary Outcome Measures

The PID-5-BF+M informant version questionnaire
Scale scores and total scores of the questionnaires. The informant versions of the questionnaires consist of the same scales as the self-report versions.
LPFS-BF 2.0 informant version questionnaire
Scale scores and total scores of the questionnaires. The informant versions of the questionnaires consist of the same scales as the self-report versions.
The PID-5-BF+M clinical rating
The total scores and scale scores of the clinical rating. After conducting the clinical ratings with STIP and/or SCID-5-AMPD, the rater gives a clinical rating on criterion B as defined by DSM-5: A description of the criterion B domains and each of the facets is given, as well as a possibility for rating, ranging from 0 (not at all descriptive) to 3 (extremely descriptive). These scores then make up the clinical scale scores and total score of The PID-5-BF+M.
LPFS-BF 2.0 clinical rating result
The total scores and scale scores of the clinical rating. After conducting the clinical ratings with STIP and/or SCID-5-AMPD, the rater gives a clinical rating on criterion A defined by DSM-5: DSM-5 offers descriptions of the four dimensions of criteria A (identity, self-direction, intimacy and empathy) and asks the rater to give an assessment on a Likert-scale ranging from 0 (healthy) to 4 (severely impaired). These scores then make up the clinical scale scores and total score of the LPFS-BF 2.0.
Secondary measures
The total scores and scale scores of the questionnaires. The scores of the secondary questionnaires will be used to examine validity research questions. A list of these instruments can be found in the section interventions.

Full Information

First Posted
September 9, 2022
Last Updated
May 12, 2023
Sponsor
Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel
Collaborators
Fund for Scientific Research, Flanders, Belgium, Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, Mondriaan, GGZ Breburg
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT05548946
Brief Title
A Dimensional Model for Personality Disorders in Later Life
Official Title
Empirical Evaluation and Clinical Relevance of a Dimensional Model for Personality Disorders in Later Life
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
May 2023
Overall Recruitment Status
Recruiting
Study Start Date
September 1, 2022 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
November 2025 (Anticipated)
Study Completion Date
November 2025 (Anticipated)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel
Collaborators
Fund for Scientific Research, Flanders, Belgium, Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, Mondriaan, GGZ Breburg

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
Research on personality disorders (PDs) in older adults is currently limited. This is surprising, given that PDs are also common in this age group. Moreover, PDs show high co-morbidity with other disorders (both mental and physical) and often have a negative effect on treatment. With this in mind, the conceptualization, diagnosis and treatment of PDs in older adults represents an important task for mental health care. To this end, problems with the current classification of PDs need to be tackled, as they currently complicate this task. The current DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Edition 5) (APA, 2013) categorical PD criteria are mainly based on the living conditions of younger adults and are therefore often not suited for PD diagnosis in older adults. Currently, however, a paradigm shift is taking place from a categorical to a dimensional approach of PDs. The "Alternative Model for Personality Disorders" (AMPD) (APA, 2013) and the approach by ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision) (WHO, 2019) are examples of new, dimensional models for PDs. These models conceptualize PDs using two dimensional criteria: (1) criterion A, which captures the overall level of personality (dis)functioning and (2) criterion B which describes the PD style by pathological/maladaptive personality traits. This paradigm shift offers the possibility to give the aging context the attention it deserves, by examining the suitability of this new dimensional conceptualization of PD among older adults. The goal of this research is to examine whether the combined AMPD and ICD-11 dimensional approach is appropriate for use in older adults. This will be done by administering instruments capturing criterion A and B in the general population in younger (18-64) and older (65 and older) adults to evaluate their age-neutrality, as well as in a clinical sample of older (65 and older) adults, to empirically evaluate its clinical relevance in later life.
Detailed Description
In the current study, the investigators want to give the ageing context the attention it deserves by examining whether the AMPD and ICD-11 approach is appropriate for use in older adults. This will happen by means of two central objectives, each divided in different research questions. The first central objective is the validation of the AMPD and ICD-11 conceptualization of PDs and its corresponding instruments, in older adults. Even though early research shows promising results for the use of dimensional classification in older adults, both of the questionnaires were originally developed and validated in younger adult samples. Therefore, this research is interested in the examination of the model and its corresponding instruments in older adults. The two instruments that will be used in the study are the Level of Personality Functioning Scale - Brief Version 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0) (Weekers et al., 2018) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 - Brief Version Modified (PID-5-BF+M) (Bach et al., 2020), which measure criterion A and criterion B, respectively. In this study, the abbreviated version of both questionnaires were chosen, in order not to unnecessarily burden the older participants. Firstly, the construct validity of the questionnaires in the general population will be examined. Then, the age-neutrality of the questionnaires (i.e. to what extent younger and older adults having the same degree of personality pathology have the same probability of endorsing related items on the questionnaires) will be investigated. In case non-age-neutral items appear, the investigators will adjust these to obtain age-neutrality. This first research question will occur in the general population. After age neutrality has been demonstrated (possibly after adjustments of the questionnaires), the instrument will be applied in the clinical institutions to evaluate the rest of the research questions. In the clinical population, the construct validity of the questionnaires will be investigated. Construct validity will be evaluated by examining the factor structure of the questionnaires and correlations with other measures of psychopathology (e.g. symptoms of depression and anxiety measured by Brief Symptom Inventory or SCL-90-R). Furthermore, the clinical utility of the questionnaires will be investigated, by examining their ability to distinguish individuals with PDs from those without personality pathology. In addition to research on the psychometric qualities of the questionnaires, the investigators will also validate the AMPD and ICD-11 conceptualization of PDs in two criteria, in older patients by examining the incremental validity of criterion A, above and beyond criterion B. This means the investigators will determine the extent to which criterion A and criterion B can be distinguished from each other and whether they can be differentiated from each other (or in other words do not contain (too much) overlapping information). The second central objective focuses on enhancing general knowledge about the structure and characteristics of PDs in older adults, by positioning PDs in a comprehensive framework of psychopathology, namely the HiTOP model (Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology) (Kotov et al., 2017). The HiTOP model is an empirical dimensional model that brings together PDs and other clinical disorders in a hierarchical structure, based on their shared transdiagnostic factors. To date, this model has not yet been investigated in older adults (Kotov et al., 2021). With this study, the proposed HiTOP structure will be tested in 65+, in order to gain more insight into the underlying transdiagnostic factors that characterize PDs in older adults, with the ultimate goal of better care and treatment tailored to the older patient.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Psychiatric Disorders
Keywords
Personality Psychology, Aging, Psychological Assessment

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Diagnostic
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
Non-Randomized
Enrollment
750 (Anticipated)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
General population
Arm Type
Other
Arm Description
In this group, younger adults (18-64) and older (from 65 and older) from the general population are included. The participants fill in questionnaires.
Arm Title
Clinical Population
Arm Type
Other
Arm Description
In this group, in- and outpatients from the clinical population are included. This are older adults, from the age of 65 with varying psychological pathologies (such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, substance use disorders, developmental disorders, personality pathology, grief, trauma-related disorders, psychosocial problems, psychosis and schizophrenia-related disorders and somatic disorders). The patients fill in questionnaires and a randomly selected smaller group of patients will conduct a clinical interview.
Intervention Type
Other
Intervention Name(s)
PID-5-BF+M and LPFS-BF 2.0 (self-report questionnaires)
Intervention Description
All participants will be asked to fill in the PID-5-BF+M and the LPFS-BF 2.0 to examine personality disorders as defined by the AMPD and ICD-11. PID-5-BF+M consists of 36 self-report items. It has 18 facet scales and 6 domain scales (Anankastia, Negative Affectivity, Antagonism, Disinhibition, Psychoticism and Detachment). The LPFS-BF 2.0 has 12 items, measuring 4 domains of personality functioning (identity, intimacy, self-direction and empathy).
Intervention Type
Other
Intervention Name(s)
Secondary Questionnaires (self-report and informant questionnaires)
Intervention Description
The patients fill in a standard test battery during the first weeks of their admission in the institutions, including questionnaires and interviews. The research team will analyze the results retrospectively. This includes: YSQ- SF16 (Young & Brown, 1994; Pauwels et al., 2018) GPS (van Alphen et al., 2006) HoNOS 65+ (Burns et al., 1999) HAP 2.0 (Barendse & Thissen, 2006) SCL-90-R (Derogatis, 1983; Dutch version: Arrindell, & Ettema, 1975, 1986, 2005) ADP-IV (Schotte & De Doncker, 1998) CERQ (Garnefski et al., 2007) UCL (Scheurs et al., 1994; 1988) BIS/BAS Scales (Carver & White, 1994) EC Scale of the ATQ (Rothbart et al., 2000) BSI (Derogatis, 1975; Dutch version: Beurs, 2008) SIPP-SF (derived from the SIPP-118; Verheul et al., 2008) SMI (Young et al., 2008) WHO-5 (Dutch version: WHO, 1998) SQ3-SF (Young & Brown, 2005) SCID-5-P (First et al., 2017; Dutch translation: Arntz et al., 2017)
Intervention Type
Diagnostic Test
Intervention Name(s)
Clinical Ratings of the dimensional model
Intervention Description
Clinical ratings of criteria A and B will also be collected. Only a small part of the patients will be selected for this, in order to make the research more feasible. The rater (a clinician or researcher) assesses the patient (in terms of level of personality functioning and personality traits) by means of (structured) clinical interviews. Given clinical ratings of the dimensional criteria are not part of the standard care in either institution, the ratings can be conducted by the doctorandus and Master Thesis students, trained by the doctorandus (in order not to overburden the clinicians). The clinical interviews that will be used for the ratings are: The Semigestructureerd Interview voor Persoonlijkheidsfunctioneren DSM-5 (STIP) (Hutsebaut et al., 2014). The Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 (SCID-5-AMPD) (First et al., 2018), only if a Dutch translation is available by the time of this intervention.
Intervention Type
Other
Intervention Name(s)
PID-5-BF+M and LPFS-BF 2.0 (Informant questionnaires)
Intervention Description
In the clinical population, participants will be asked to include an informant (family member, partner, friend, acquaintance), to fill in an informant version of the PID-5-BF+M and LPFS-BF 2.0 questionnaires. It is also possible for the patient to participate in the study without giving permission to include an informant. The informant will be asked to fill in the informant versions of the questionnaires, which contain the exact same items as the self-report versions, adjusted to the third person.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
PID-5-BF+M questionnaire
Description
Item scores, scale scores and total scores of the questionnaire Items: - 38 items (36 original items + 2 additional items) Scale scores: 19 personality facets (18 original facet scores + additional facet made up from the additional items) (Emotional Lability, Anxiety, Separation Insecurity, Withdrawal, Anhedonia, Intimacy Avoidance, Manipulativeness, Deceitfulness, Grandiosity, Irresponsibility, Impulsivity, Distractibility, Perfectionism, Rigidity, Orderliness, Unusual Beliefs & Experiences, Eccentricity, Perceptual Dysregulation and Perseveration) 7 personality domains (6 original domains + alternative composition of the Anankastia domain)(Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition, Anankastia, Psychoticism and Anankastia by Kerber et al., 2019)
Time Frame
Throughout the patient's first weeks of being in in- or outpatient, on average 1 month after admission
Title
LPFS-BF 2.0 questionnaire
Description
Item scores, scale scores and total scores of the questionnaire Items: - 12 items Scale scores: - 4 domains of personality functioning (identity, intimacy, self-direction and empathy)
Time Frame
Throughout the patient's first weeks of being in in- or outpatient, on average 1 month after admission
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
The PID-5-BF+M informant version questionnaire
Description
Scale scores and total scores of the questionnaires. The informant versions of the questionnaires consist of the same scales as the self-report versions.
Time Frame
Throughout the patient's first weeks of being in in- or outpatient, on average 1 month after admission
Title
LPFS-BF 2.0 informant version questionnaire
Description
Scale scores and total scores of the questionnaires. The informant versions of the questionnaires consist of the same scales as the self-report versions.
Time Frame
Throughout the patient's first weeks of being in in- or outpatient, on average 1 month after admission
Title
The PID-5-BF+M clinical rating
Description
The total scores and scale scores of the clinical rating. After conducting the clinical ratings with STIP and/or SCID-5-AMPD, the rater gives a clinical rating on criterion B as defined by DSM-5: A description of the criterion B domains and each of the facets is given, as well as a possibility for rating, ranging from 0 (not at all descriptive) to 3 (extremely descriptive). These scores then make up the clinical scale scores and total score of The PID-5-BF+M.
Time Frame
Throughout the patient's hospitalization and the study completion, on average 1 year after the start of data collection
Title
LPFS-BF 2.0 clinical rating result
Description
The total scores and scale scores of the clinical rating. After conducting the clinical ratings with STIP and/or SCID-5-AMPD, the rater gives a clinical rating on criterion A defined by DSM-5: DSM-5 offers descriptions of the four dimensions of criteria A (identity, self-direction, intimacy and empathy) and asks the rater to give an assessment on a Likert-scale ranging from 0 (healthy) to 4 (severely impaired). These scores then make up the clinical scale scores and total score of the LPFS-BF 2.0.
Time Frame
Throughout the patient's hospitalization and the study completion, on average 1 year after the start of data collection
Title
Secondary measures
Description
The total scores and scale scores of the questionnaires. The scores of the secondary questionnaires will be used to examine validity research questions. A list of these instruments can be found in the section interventions.
Time Frame
Throughout the patient's first weeks of being in in- or outpatient, on average 1 month after admission

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Clinical population (inpatients and outpatients) Inclusion Criteria: ONLY older adults: from the age of 65 Dutch speaking Exclusion Criteria (as evaluated by the psychiatrists and psychologists of the participating institutions): Severe cognitive impairment (Patients who are admitted because of cognitive impairment will be excluded from the participant pool, other than this the psychiatrists and psychologists of the participating institutions will make an evaluation of the patients' cognitive capacities) Acute state of mental impairment which would interfere with the reliability of the patients' responses (for example severe psychosis), as evaluated by the psychiatrists and psychologist of the participating institutions.
Central Contact Person:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
Morag Facon
Phone
+32493596294
Email
morag.flora.facon@vub.be
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
Gina Rossi
Email
gina.rossi@vub.be
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Morag Facon
Organizational Affiliation
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen
City
Tienen
State/Province
Vlaams-Brabant
ZIP/Postal Code
3300
Country
Belgium
Individual Site Status
Recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Eva Dierckx
Facility Name
Mondriaan
City
Heerlen
State/Province
Limburg
ZIP/Postal Code
6411 - 6422
Country
Netherlands
Individual Site Status
Not yet recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Bas van Alphen

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
No
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A Dimensional Model for Personality Disorders in Later Life

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