search
Back to results

Closing the Loop in People With Type 1 Diabetes (CLEAR Phase 2)

Primary Purpose

Type 1 Diabetes

Status
Recruiting
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
United Kingdom
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
CamAPS HX
Standard insulin pump therapy with CGM
Sponsored by
University of Cambridge
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Type 1 Diabetes

Eligibility Criteria

13 Years - 19 Years (Child, Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria: The participant has type 1 diabetes as defined by WHO for at least 1 year The participant is aged 13 to 19 years (inclusive) (Phase 2) The participant will have been on an insulin pump for at least 3 months with good knowledge of insulin self-adjustment The participant is treated with one of the rapid acting or ultra-rapid acting insulin analogues (Insulin Aspart, faster acting insulin Aspart, Insulin Lispro, ultra-rapid Lispro insulin or Insulin Glulisine) 6. HbA1c ≥7.5% (58mmol/mol) based on analysis from local laboratory 7. The participant is willing to wear closed-loop devices 8. The participant is willing to follow study specific instructions 9. Female participants of child bearing age must have a negative urine-HCG pregnancy test at screening and should be using effective contraception if sexually active. Exclusion Criteria: Any physical or psychological disease or condition likely to interfere with the normal conduct of the study and interpretation of the study results Known or suspected allergy against insulin Total daily insulin dose more than or equal to 2 IU/kg/day Use of a closed-loop system within the past 30 days Participant is pregnant or breast feeding or planning pregnancy within next 12 months Severe visual impairment Severe hearing impairment Lack of reliable telephone facility for contact Participant not proficient in English

Sites / Locations

  • Addenbrooke's HospitalRecruiting
  • Alder Hey Children's Hospital
  • Manchester Royal Infirmary

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Experimental

Active Comparator

Arm Label

Fully closed-loop system with age-approved ultra-rapid insulin

Standard insulin pump therapy with CGM

Arm Description

The fully closed-loop system (CamAPS HX) will consist of: Mylife YpsoPump insulin pump (Ypsomed, Burgdorf, Switzerland). Freestyle Libre 3 real-time CGM sensor (Abbott, Diabetes Care, CA, USA) Android smartphone hosting CamAPS HX App with the Cambridge model predictive control algorithm. Cloud upload system to review CGM/insulin data. Participants will use ultra-rapid insulin aspart in the closed-loop system.

Participants will use their own insulin pump and usual insulin throughout this study period. The CGM will be the Freestyle Libre 3 real-time CGM sensor (Abbott, Diabetes Care, CA, USA).

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Time in target glucose range
Time spent in the target glucose range from 3.9 to 10.0 mmol/l (70 to 180mg/dl) based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Time spent above the target glucose range
Time spent above target glucose (10.0 mmol/l) (180 mg/dl) based on CGM
Time spent below the target glucose range
Time spent below target glucose (3.9 mmol/l) (70 mg/dl) based on CGM
Mean glucose
Average of sensor glucose levels
Standard deviation and coefficient of variation of glucose
Standard deviation and coefficient of variation of CGM glucose levels
Time spent in hypoglycaemia
Time with glucose levels < 3.5 mmol/l (63mg/dl), < 3.0 mmol/l (54mg/dl), and <2.8 mmol/l (50mg/dl) based on CGM
Time spent in hyperglycaemia
Time with glucose levels in the significant hyperglycaemia (glucose levels > 20.0 mmol/l) (360mg/dl)
HbA1c
Glycated haemoglobin measured at the end of the treatment period(360mg/dl)
Total, basal, and bolus insulin dose
Total, basal, and bolus insulin dose

Full Information

First Posted
November 9, 2022
Last Updated
July 11, 2023
Sponsor
University of Cambridge
Collaborators
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Barts & The London NHS Trust
search

1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT05653050
Brief Title
Closing the Loop in People With Type 1 Diabetes
Acronym
CLEAR Phase 2
Official Title
An Open-label, Multi-centre, Randomised, Two-period, Crossover Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Utility of Closed-loop Glucose Control Compared to Standard Insulin Pump Therapy Combined With Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
July 2023
Overall Recruitment Status
Recruiting
Study Start Date
February 20, 2023 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
January 4, 2024 (Anticipated)
Study Completion Date
June 1, 2024 (Anticipated)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
University of Cambridge
Collaborators
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Barts & The London NHS Trust

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
Yes

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
The main objective of this study is to determine whether home use of fully closed-loop glucose control applying age-approved ultra-rapid insulin (Phase 2) is superior to standard insulin pump therapy with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy with sub-optimal glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7.5% [Phase 2]). This is an open-label, multi-centre, randomised, crossover design study, involving a run-in period followed by two study periods during which glucose levels will be controlled either by an automated closed-loop system using age-approved ultra-rapid insulin or by participants' usual insulin pump therapy with continuous glucose monitoring in random order. A total of up to 30 adolescents (aiming for 24 completed participants) with T1D on insulin pump therapy will be recruited through diabetes clinics and other established methods. Participants will receive appropriate training in the safe use of the closed-loop devices. Participants will have access to the study team during the home study phase with 24/7 telephone support. The primary outcome is time spent in target range between 3.9 and 10.0 mmol/L as recorded by CGM over the 8 week period. Secondary outcomes are HbA1c, time spent with glucose levels above and below target as recorded by CGM, and other CGM-based metrics in addition to insulin requirements. Safety evaluation comprises severe hypoglycaemic episodes, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) events and other adverse and serious adverse events.
Detailed Description
Purpose of clinical trial: To determine whether home use of fully closed-loop applying age-approved ultra-rapid insulin is superior to insulin pump therapy with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Study objectives: The study objective is to compare home use of fully closed-loop glucose control applying ultra-rapid Lispro insulin (Phase 1) or age-approved ultra-rapid insulin (Phase 2) with standard insulin pump therapy with CGM. EFFICACY: The objective is to assess the efficacy of fully closed-loop glucose control applying ultra-rapid Lispro insulin (Phase 1) or age-approved ultra-rapid insulin (Phase 2) in maintaining CGM glucose levels within the target range from 3.9 to 10.0 mmol/l, as compared to standard insulin pump therapy combined with CGM. SAFETY: The objective is to evaluate the safety of fully closed-loop glucose control in terms of episodes of severe hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and other adverse events and adverse device effects. UTILITY: The objective is to determine the percentage of time when closed-loop was operational, and usability and acceptance of the closed-loop system. Participating clinical centres: Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Diabetes, Endocrine & Metabolism Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool. The Royal London Children's Hospital of Whitechapel Road, Barts Health NHS Trust, London Sample Size: 24 adolescents completing the study. Up to 30 for phase 2 will be recruited to allow for dropouts. Maximum duration of study for a participant: 20 weeks (5 months) Recruitment: The participants will be recruited through the young adult and paediatric diabetes outpatient clinics or other established methods. Consent: Participants and/or parents/guardians will be asked to provide written informed consent/assent. Baseline Assessment: Eligible participants will undergo a baseline evaluation including a blood sample for the measurement of HbA1c, renal, thyroid functions and coeliac antibody screen (if not done in the previous 6 months). Urine pregnancy test will be done in females of child bearing age. Human factor questionnaires will be administered. Run-in Period: During the 2-3 week run-in period, participants will use their own insulin pump and wear a masked CGM system. At the end of the run-in period, for compliance, at least 10 days of CGM data need to be recorded. CGM data during the run-in period will be used to assess baseline glucose control before the start of the first home study phase. Randomisation: Eligible participants will be randomised using randomisation software to the use of closed-loop glucose control or to standard pump therapy with CGM. There will be no washout period between the two intervention periods. Automated closed-loop: Training on the use of closed-loop will be provided by the research team during a 2 to 3 hour session in an outpatient setting (clinical research facility) or may be done remotely/at home. Competency on the use of study insulin pump, study CGM and closed-loop system will be evaluated using a competency assessment tool developed by the research team. Further training may be delivered as required. Participants will be advised to use the closed-loop system with age-approved ultra-rapid insulin for the next 8 weeks. Conventional insulin pump therapy with CGM: Participants will use their own insulin pump and study CGM. Training on the use of real-time CGM and how to interpret real-time will be provided. Participants will use standard insulin pump therapy, with their usual insulin, and real-time CGM for the next 8 weeks. Cross-over Assessment: At the end of the first intervention period, a blood sample for the measurement of HbA1c will be taken and human factor questionnaires will be administered. End of study assessments: A blood sample will be taken for measurement of HbA1c and human factor questionnaires will be administered. Study devices will be returned and participants will resume usual care. Procedures for safety monitoring during trial: Standard operating procedures for monitoring and reporting of all adverse events and adverse device events will be in place, including serious adverse events (SAE), serious adverse device effects (SADE) and specific adverse events (AE) such as severe hypoglycaemia. A data monitoring and ethics committee (DMEC) will be informed of all serious adverse events and any unanticipated adverse device/method effects that occur during the study and will review compiled adverse event data at periodic intervals. Criteria for withdrawal of patients on safety grounds: A participant may terminate participation in the study at any time without necessarily giving a reason and without any personal disadvantage. An investigator can stop the participation of a subject after consideration of the benefit/risk ratio. Possible reasons are: Serious adverse events Significant protocol violation or non-compliance Failure to satisfy competency assessment Decision by the investigator, or the sponsor, that termination is in the participant's best medical interest Pregnancy, planned pregnancy, or breast feeding Allergic reaction to insulin Technical grounds (e.g. participant relocates)

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Type 1 Diabetes

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Crossover Assignment
Model Description
An open-label, multi-centre, randomised, two-period, crossover study comparing fully closed-loop glucose control to standard insulin pump therapy combined with continuous glucose monitoring
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
30 (Anticipated)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Fully closed-loop system with age-approved ultra-rapid insulin
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
The fully closed-loop system (CamAPS HX) will consist of: Mylife YpsoPump insulin pump (Ypsomed, Burgdorf, Switzerland). Freestyle Libre 3 real-time CGM sensor (Abbott, Diabetes Care, CA, USA) Android smartphone hosting CamAPS HX App with the Cambridge model predictive control algorithm. Cloud upload system to review CGM/insulin data. Participants will use ultra-rapid insulin aspart in the closed-loop system.
Arm Title
Standard insulin pump therapy with CGM
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Participants will use their own insulin pump and usual insulin throughout this study period. The CGM will be the Freestyle Libre 3 real-time CGM sensor (Abbott, Diabetes Care, CA, USA).
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
CamAPS HX
Intervention Description
Fully automated closed-loop system (CamAPS HX) with ultra-rapid insulin aspart.
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
Standard insulin pump therapy with CGM
Intervention Description
Participants usual insulin pump therapy with Freestyle Libre 3 CGM
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Time in target glucose range
Description
Time spent in the target glucose range from 3.9 to 10.0 mmol/l (70 to 180mg/dl) based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
Time Frame
8-week home use
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Time spent above the target glucose range
Description
Time spent above target glucose (10.0 mmol/l) (180 mg/dl) based on CGM
Time Frame
8-week home use
Title
Time spent below the target glucose range
Description
Time spent below target glucose (3.9 mmol/l) (70 mg/dl) based on CGM
Time Frame
8-week home use
Title
Mean glucose
Description
Average of sensor glucose levels
Time Frame
8-week home use
Title
Standard deviation and coefficient of variation of glucose
Description
Standard deviation and coefficient of variation of CGM glucose levels
Time Frame
8-week home use
Title
Time spent in hypoglycaemia
Description
Time with glucose levels < 3.5 mmol/l (63mg/dl), < 3.0 mmol/l (54mg/dl), and <2.8 mmol/l (50mg/dl) based on CGM
Time Frame
8-week home use
Title
Time spent in hyperglycaemia
Description
Time with glucose levels in the significant hyperglycaemia (glucose levels > 20.0 mmol/l) (360mg/dl)
Time Frame
8-week home use
Title
HbA1c
Description
Glycated haemoglobin measured at the end of the treatment period(360mg/dl)
Time Frame
After 8-week home use
Title
Total, basal, and bolus insulin dose
Description
Total, basal, and bolus insulin dose
Time Frame
8-week home use
Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures:
Title
Safety evaluation
Description
The number of episodes of severe hypoglycaemia events
Time Frame
8-week home use
Title
Safety evaluation
Description
The number of episodes of DKA events
Time Frame
8-week home use
Title
Safety evaluation
Description
The number of episodes of significant ketonemia (> 3.0mmol/l) events
Time Frame
8-week home use
Title
Safety evaluation
Description
The number and nature of any other adverse events
Time Frame
8-week home use
Title
Safety evaluation
Description
The number of SADEs
Time Frame
8-week home use
Title
Utility evaluation
Description
Frequency and duration of use of the closed-loop system at home The number of episodes of hypoglycaemia, DKA and / or significant ketonemia (> 3.0mmol/l) as well as nature and severity of any other adverse events including SADEs and SAEs.
Time Frame
8-week home use
Title
Human Factor assessment
Description
Expectations, attitudes and responses to the closed-loop system will be assessed using the INSPIRE questionnaire.
Time Frame
After 8-week home use
Title
Human Factor assessment
Description
Diabetes distress will be assessed using the PAID-Teen questionnaire.
Time Frame
After 8-week home use
Title
Human Factor assessment
Description
Hypoglycemia fear will be assessed using the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS II) Child version
Time Frame
After 8-week home use

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
13 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
19 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: The participant has type 1 diabetes as defined by WHO for at least 1 year The participant is aged 13 to 19 years (inclusive) (Phase 2) The participant will have been on an insulin pump for at least 3 months with good knowledge of insulin self-adjustment The participant is treated with one of the rapid acting or ultra-rapid acting insulin analogues (Insulin Aspart, faster acting insulin Aspart, Insulin Lispro, ultra-rapid Lispro insulin or Insulin Glulisine) 6. HbA1c ≥7.5% (58mmol/mol) based on analysis from local laboratory 7. The participant is willing to wear closed-loop devices 8. The participant is willing to follow study specific instructions 9. Female participants of child bearing age must have a negative urine-HCG pregnancy test at screening and should be using effective contraception if sexually active. Exclusion Criteria: Any physical or psychological disease or condition likely to interfere with the normal conduct of the study and interpretation of the study results Known or suspected allergy against insulin Total daily insulin dose more than or equal to 2 IU/kg/day Use of a closed-loop system within the past 30 days Participant is pregnant or breast feeding or planning pregnancy within next 12 months Severe visual impairment Severe hearing impairment Lack of reliable telephone facility for contact Participant not proficient in English
Central Contact Person:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
Julia Ware, MBChB
Phone
+441223769069
Email
jf674@cam.ac.uk
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Addenbrooke's Hospital
City
Cambridge
ZIP/Postal Code
CB2 0QQ
Country
United Kingdom
Individual Site Status
Recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Julia Ware, MD
Phone
01223 769069
Email
jf674@cam.ac.uk
Facility Name
Alder Hey Children's Hospital
City
Liverpool
Country
United Kingdom
Individual Site Status
Not yet recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Keith Thornborough
Email
Keith.Thornborough@alderhey.nhs.uk
Facility Name
Manchester Royal Infirmary
City
Manchester
Country
United Kingdom
Individual Site Status
Not yet recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Hood Thabit
Email
Hood.Thabit@mft.nhs.uk

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
Yes
IPD Sharing Plan Description
Study protocol, statistical analysis plan and fully anonymised individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the manuscript will be available 6 months following publication and ending 36 months following manuscript publication to investigators whose proposed use of the data has been approved by an independent review committee identified for this purpose, to achieve aims in the approved proposal. Proposals should be directed to rh347@cam.ac.uk and may be submitted up to 36 months following article publication. To gain access, data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement. Fully anonymised data may be shared with third parties (EU or non-EU based) for the purposes of advancing management and treatment of diabetes.
IPD Sharing Time Frame
Study protocol, statistical analysis plan and fully anonymised individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the manuscript will be available 6 months following publication and ending 36 months following manuscript publication to investigators whose proposed use of the data has been approved by an independent review committee identified for this purpose, to achieve aims in the approved proposal. Proposals should be directed to rh347@cam.ac.uk and may be submitted up to 36 months following article publication.
IPD Sharing Access Criteria
Study protocol, statistical analysis plan and fully anonymised individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the manuscript will be available 6 months following publication and ending 36 months following manuscript publication to investigators whose proposed use of the data has been approved by an independent review committee identified for this purpose, to achieve aims in the approved proposal. Proposals should be directed to rh347@cam.ac.uk and may be submitted up to 36 months following article publication.

Learn more about this trial

Closing the Loop in People With Type 1 Diabetes

We'll reach out to this number within 24 hrs