Epinephrine Nebulization Prior to Nasotracheal Intubation
Nasal Bleeding
About this trial
This is an interventional prevention trial for Nasal Bleeding focused on measuring Nasotracheal intubation, nebulized epinephrine, epistaxis.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Cases with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classes I and II. Patients scheduled for elective oral isolated mandibular fracture fixation requiring nasotracheal intubation. Exclusion Criteria: Nasal abnormality history (such as polyp , surgery or nasal trauma). Frequent epistaxis history. Patients suffering valvular heart disease, hypertension, ischemic heart disease or arrhythmias. Patients using drugs (anticoagulation therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and oral decongestants). Patients receiving medications known to alter the parameters under investigation including β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or vasodilators. Patients known to have hypersensitivity to medications used in this study.
Sites / Locations
- Ain Shams University Hospital
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Active Comparator
Active Comparator
Group (EL) Epinepherine and Lidocaone group
Group( OL) Oxymetazoline and lidocaine group
Group (EL) (63 patients) received a session of nebulization in the pre-induction area, consisting of 1 ml epinephrine (1:1000 Martindale Pharma, an Ethypharm Group Company, ampoule 1 mg added to 9 ml of normal saline, then 1 ml of that put in nebulization cup + 2 ml lidocaine 2%), nebulized prior to the induction of anesthesia.(63 patients) received a session of nebulization in the pre-induction area, consisting of 1 ml epinephrine (1:1000 Martindale Pharma, an Ethypharm Group Company, ampoule 1 mg added to 9 ml of normal saline, then 1 ml of that put in nebulization cup + 2 ml lidocaine 2%), nebulized prior to the induction of anesthesia.
Group OL (63 patients): These patients received five drops of lidocaine hydrochloride (Xylocaine 2%, 20 mg/ml; AstraZeneca, London, UK) using a prefilled dropper, followed by six drops of hydrochloride Oxymetazoline (Otrivin adult nasal drops 0.1%, 10 ml of 1 mg/ml; Novartis Consumer Health, UK Ltd, 980 Great West Road, Brentford, Middlesex, TW8 9GS, UK) in each nostril in the pre-induction room just before the induction of anesthesia