Effect of Dialectical Behavior in Patients With Bipolar Disorder

Effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Emotion Regulation Difficulties, Distress Tolerance, and Social Functioning Among Patients With Bipolar Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This study aims to: • Determine the effect of implementing Dialectical Behavior Therapy on emotion regulation difficulties, distress tolerance, and social functioning among patients with bipolar disorder. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS Patients with bipolar disorder who are exposed to Dialectical Behavior Therapy will exhibit lower emotion regulation difficulties, distress tolerance, and higher social functioning than those who are not exposed to such training.

The researchers decided to work on a convenient sample of 30 adult patients with bipolar disorder. Dialectical behavior therapy will be applied through psychoeducation, discussion, rehearsal, and homework assignments. Four modules were administered in Mindfulness, Emotion Regulation, Emotion Regulation, and Emotion Regulation.

Dialectical behavior therapy will be applied through psychoeducation, discussion, rehearsal, and homework assignments. Four modules were administered in Mindfulness, Emotion Regulation, Emotion Regulation, and Emotion Regulation.

14) Dialectical behavior therapy will be applied through psychoeducation, discussion, rehrasal and homework assignments. It contains four modules were administered in 14) Dialectical behavior therapy will be applied through psychoeducation, discussion, rehrasal and homework assignments. It contains four modules were administered in the following sequence 1. Mindfulness , 2. Emotion Regulation , 3. Distress Tolerance and 4. Interpersonal effectiveness.

This tool (DERS) is a 36-items self-report scale developed by Gratz and Roemer (2004) to assess emotion regulation difficulties. The scale items are classified into six general subscales; non- acceptance of emotional responses (6 items); difficulty engaging in goal-directed behaviors (5 items); impulse control difficulties (6 items); lack of emotional awareness (6 items); limited access to emotional regulation strategies (8 items), and lack of emotional clarity (5 items).

The DTS (Simons & Gaher, 2005) is a 15-item selfreport questionnaire that assesses tolerance of distress, appraisal of distress, attention absorbed by negative emotions, and regulation efforts to alleviate distress. Items are rated on a 1 to 5 scale (1 = strongly agree; 5 = strongly disagree) with lower scores indicating poorer tolerance of distress. The DTS scale has demonstrated good test-retest reliability. In the current study the internal consistency of the DTS was excellent (Cronbach's α = .92).

The SFS is a 79-items self-report scale developed by Birchwood et al. (1990) to assess areas of social functioning of individuals with schizophrenia. The items are classified into seven subscales; withdrawal/social engagement (5 items), interpersonal communication (4 items), independence-performance (13 items), independence-competence (13 items), recreation (15 items), prosocial activities (22 items), and employment/occupational (5 items), in addition to two unscored preliminary questions (The latter two questions were excluded as they were measured in tool I).

Inclusion Criteria:1. Diagnosed with bipolar disorder for at least one month according to DSM V with no co-morbidity. 2. Their age does not exceed 60 years old. 3. Able to read and write. 4. Able & willing to participate in the study. 5. Living in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. Exclusion Criteria: demonstrate severe psychopathological symptom ( i.e: patient in acute stage) -

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