search
Back to results

Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of Problem Behavior in Children With Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

Primary Purpose

Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

Status
Recruiting
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
United States
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
ABA-based functional analysis and treatment
Sponsored by
Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc.
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Cornelia de Lange Syndrome focused on measuring behavioral assessment, behavioral treatment, problem behavior

Eligibility Criteria

3 Years - 15 Years (Child)All SexesAccepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion Criteria for treatment group: Child with CdLS and problem behavior: clinical diagnosis of CdLS confirmed; age 3 to 15 years; is English-speaking; exhibits SIB, aggression, and/or disruptive behavior; and is able to participate in several hours of assessment/treatment. Parent of child with CdLS is English-speaking and is willing to: attend 2 full-day and one half-day clinic visits; complete and return study measures; and implement a behavior plan. Inclusion Criteria for control group: Child with CdLS without problem behavior: clinical diagnosis of CdLS confirmed; is English-speaking age 3 to 15 years; and child's age and adaptive functioning level matches that of a child in the treatment group Parent of child with CdLS is English-speaking and willing to: complete and return study measures. Exclusion Criteria for treatment group: Child with CdLS: does not exhibit SIB, aggression, or disruptive behavior; child is younger than 3 years or older than 15 years; is not English-speaking; has severe SIB that produces significant tissue damage or requires protective equipment; has uncontrolled seizures; or has medical conditions or requires time-intensive medical care that limits attendance or participation. Parent of child with CdLS is not English-speaking or is not willing to complete study procedures. Exclusion Criteria for the control group: Child with CdLS: exhibits SIB, aggression, or disruptive behavior; is younger than 3 years or older than 15 years; is not English-speaking; age and adaptive functioning level do not match that of a child in the treatment group. Parent of child with CdLS is not English-speaking or willing to complete study procedures.

Sites / Locations

  • Kennedy Krieger InstituteRecruiting

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Experimental

No Intervention

Arm Label

ABA-based functional analysis and treatment

No Problem behavior Control Group

Arm Description

Assessment and Treatment for problem behavior exhibited by children with CdLS

Quarterly Monitoring of children with CdLS that do not exhibit problem behavior

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Change in Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI) scores
The investigators will also quantify changes in problem behavior following the intervention relative to baseline with the normalized scores on the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI). This scale has two sections: scores on Frequency of problem behavior (with a maximum score of 208 and a minimum score of zero) and scores on the Severity of problem behavior (with a maximum score of 156 and a minimum score of zero). Higher scores on these sections indicate worse outcomes, so decreases in the scores from pre-intervention to post-intervention would be indicative of a therapeutic outcome.
Change in Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) scores
The investigators will also quantify changes in problem behavior following the intervention relative to baseline with the normalized scores on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). The ABC has 5 subscales: Irritability, Social Withdrawal, Stereotypic Behavior, Hyperactivity/Noncompliance, and Inappropriate Speech. Scores on the Irritability subscale (maximum of 45 and a minimum of zero), in particular, would be indicative of problem behavior. Higher scores on this subscale indicate worse outcomes, so decreases in this scale scores from pre-intervention to post-intervention would be indicative of a therapeutic outcome.

Secondary Outcome Measures

direct observation of problem behavior reduction
The goal of this clinical trial is to decrease problem behavior (e.g., aggression, tantrums) in children and adolescents with CdLS. The investigators will measure behavioral changes using a multidimensional approach. One measure is derived from direct observation of problem behavior during baseline (i.e., before the intervention) and at the conclusion of the treatment (i.e., after the intervention). The mean rate of problem behavior at the conclusion of treatment will be subtracted from the mean rate of problem behavior during baseline. This quantity will be divided by the mean rate of problem behavior during baseline, then multiplied times 100 to convert to a percentage. A common clinical benchmark using this design is an 80% reduction in problem behavior for successful treatments. Thus, treatments that reduce problem behavior by less than 80% are said to be ineffective.

Full Information

First Posted
February 14, 2023
Last Updated
August 18, 2023
Sponsor
Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc.
search

1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT05829668
Brief Title
Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of Problem Behavior in Children With Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
Official Title
Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of Problem Behavior in Children With Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
August 2023
Overall Recruitment Status
Recruiting
Study Start Date
August 2, 2023 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
December 31, 2025 (Anticipated)
Study Completion Date
June 25, 2026 (Anticipated)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc.

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
The goals of this clinical trial are to identify factors associated with the development of problem behavior in Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and to develop an effective behavioral assessment and treatment model for problem behavior in children with CdLS. The hypotheses are as follows: Based on pilot data, the investigators hypothesize that individuals with CdLS will exhibit preferences for auditory stimuli relative to other categories (e.g., visual, tactile) of stimuli. Based on pilot data, the investigators hypothesize that individuals with CdLS will exhibit problem behavior to obtain adult attention or to escape task demands relative to tangible and control conditions, as measured by functional analysis results. Function-based behavioral treatments will reduce problem behavior in individuals with CdLS by 80% or greater relative to baseline rates. Individuals with CdLS and problem behavior will exhibit more impaired communication, demonstrate increased emotion dysregulation, and exhibit more severe symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) relative to those with CdLS and no problem behavior. Participants in the intervention group (families of children with CdLS and problem behaviors) will be asked to complete study measures and attend 2 full days and one half-day of clinic services at Kennedy Krieger Institute so that the study team can provide assessment and treatment of child problem behaviors, and then train parents to apply the intervention. Participants in the control group (families of children with CdLS and no problem behavior) will be asked to complete study measures once every 3 months for a 2-year period to monitor the children. This study will improve the ability to effectively treat problem behavior is CdLS, as well as identify key variables associated with problem behavior in CdLS which may be examined in future studies and clinical practice to foster early intervention and prevention efforts.
Detailed Description
The presence of problem behavior such as self-injury and aggression is a prominent and challenging feature of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). Despite the growing body of research on behavior problems associated with behavioral phenotypes in genetic disorders, problem behavior in this population is not well understood. For example, individuals with CdLS are at high risk for developing self-jury, however it is not known why some do not develop this problem behavior. Additionally, few studies have examined environmental influences on problem behavior in CdLS. The field of applied behavior analysis (ABA) offers precise assessment methods that have led to an increased understanding of problem behavior, and improved treatment outcomes for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). In particular, functional analysis procedures are considered the most rigorous method for determining what variables serve to maintain problem behavior; thereby, leading to the prescription of effective individualized treatments. However, there are only a few cases reported in the literature of functional analysis of problem behavior in CdLS. Preliminary findings from functional analyses and other assessments in CdLS indicate differences in forms of problem behavior, functions for problem behavior, and responsiveness to certain classes of stimuli, relative to other genetic disorders. Previous literature and preliminary data suggest that variables associated with certain genetic conditions may impact form, function, and responsiveness to treatment for problem behavior. Thus, the goals of this clinical trial are to 1) to identify key variables associated with problem behavior in CdLS by comparing children with and without problem behavior across multiple variables including language ability, stimulus preferences, emotion dysregulation, and presence of autism; and 2) evaluate the effectiveness of an outpatient model of ABA-based assessment and treatment for children with CdLS exhibiting problem behavior; and 3) follow children with CDLS without problem behavior over a period of 2 years to begin to obtain information about what variables lead to the emergence of problem behavior, and to apply early intervention strategies. Individualized function-based treatments will be evaluated with each participant using single-case experimental designs. Assessment and treatment data from all participants will also be combined to evaluate program outcomes within a consecutive controlled case series design. This type of study design minimizes potential selection bias favoring positive outcomes by including all participants encountered regardless of outcome. All participants will complete standardized measures of preference, adaptive skills, problem behavior, ASD, and emotion dysregulation. Program outcomes will also be evaluated using statistical analysis methods with consultation from the Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC) Behavioral Phenotyping Core at the Kennedy Krieger Institute/Johns Hopkins University. Parent responses on study measures will be combined to evaluate satisfaction with treatment and with services. Treatment Group Pre-Visit Assessments Parent will be asked to complete research measures at home including: Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS-3) caregiver rating form, which is a standardized measure that provides developmental scores for communication skills, daily living skills, and socialization skills; Emotional Dysregulation Inventory (EDI) which is a caregiver-report questionnaire designed to capture emotional distress and problems with emotion regulation in both minimally verbal and verbal individuals; the Behavior Problem Inventory (BPI) which is a 49-item parent-completed instrument designed to measure the frequency and severity of a child's self-injurious, aggressive/destructive, and stereotypic behaviors; the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R), a 44-item inventory which measures the presence of repetitive and stereotypic behaviors in individual with ASD; the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), a 58-item inventory designed to measure a variety of emotional and behavior difficulties in individuals with IDD; and the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale: 2nd Edition (GARS). Completed measures will be mailed back to the study team. Parent will be asked to provide any records or reports related to problem behavior including functional behavioral assessment, behavioral intervention plan, or behavioral data regarding previous or current behavioral services. After parent returns measures by mail, a study team member will conduct a parent interview by phone to complete the Reinforcer Assessment Inventory for the Severely Disabled (RAISD); and the Functional Analysis Interview. Study Visit at Kennedy Krieger Institute (KKI)/Day 1 For any child with self-injurious behavior (SIB), the team will administer the Self-Injury Trauma scale (SIT), which is designed to quantify the amount of tissue damage associated with SIB. Conduct paired choice preference assessment to identify rank order of preferred stimuli that may be used in treatment. Conduct a functional analysis to identify environmental variables maintaining child problem behavior. Sessions will be conducted in accordance with a standard protocol in use by the Neurobehavioral Unit Outpatient clinic (NBU OPC), including conditions that test for social functions of problem behavior. The study team will video-record these sessions. Study Visit at KKI/Day 2 Study team and parent meet to discuss assessment findings and plan for treatment evaluation. Conduct treatment evaluation of function-based intervention. Treatment options are within the standard of care in the NBU OPC. The study team will video-record these sessions. Parent completes the Intervention Rating Profile-15, a 15-item measure of treatment acceptability. Train parent to implement behavioral treatment, using standard procedures within the NBU OPC. Parent completes the Intervention Rating Profile-15 and the Family Satisfaction Survey. Follow-up phone call: (1 week post treatment) to assess child progress. The study team will also provide a brief summary of the child's preferred items /activities, and a summary of the results from the questionnaires the parent completed. Study visit at KKI/Follow Up (2 weeks post treatment): During a 3-hour study visit, the continued effectiveness of the behavior plan and parent implementation of such will be assessed via direct observation of parent and child. The study team will video-record these sessions. Results will be reviewed with the family. Parents will also complete the ABC and BPI. Follow-up phone calls at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post treatment. Refer for additional services if necessary. Control Group Once ages and adaptive functioning levels of treatment group participants are established, recruitment for matched controls will be initiated. Investigators will seek to identify children with CdLS between the ages of 3 and 15 years who do not exhibit self-injurious behavior, aggression, or disruptive behavior. Parents of potential participants will be asked to participate in 2 phone interviews. In the first phone interview, a parent will be asked a series of questions to rule out the presence of child problem behavior. Once it is determined that the child does not exhibit problem behavior, parents will be asked if they would like to participate in the study. After the family has consented, the study team will mail the VABS-3 for completion. If VABS-3 results match that of a treatment group participant, a second phone interview will be conducted to complete the RAISD. The BPI, ABC, RBS-R, GARS, and EDI will be mailed. Local families will be invited to attend a 2-hr clinic visit for preference assessments. To monitor for emergence of problem behavior in the control group, the BPI and EDI will be repeated every 3 months for up to 2 yrs. If such behavior does emerge, clinical services will be offered to the participant and family at no cost.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
Keywords
behavioral assessment, behavioral treatment, problem behavior

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
Non-Randomized
Enrollment
20 (Anticipated)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
ABA-based functional analysis and treatment
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Assessment and Treatment for problem behavior exhibited by children with CdLS
Arm Title
No Problem behavior Control Group
Arm Type
No Intervention
Arm Description
Quarterly Monitoring of children with CdLS that do not exhibit problem behavior
Intervention Type
Behavioral
Intervention Name(s)
ABA-based functional analysis and treatment
Intervention Description
Functional analysis to identify environmental variables maintaining child problem behavior and function-based treatment
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Change in Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI) scores
Description
The investigators will also quantify changes in problem behavior following the intervention relative to baseline with the normalized scores on the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI). This scale has two sections: scores on Frequency of problem behavior (with a maximum score of 208 and a minimum score of zero) and scores on the Severity of problem behavior (with a maximum score of 156 and a minimum score of zero). Higher scores on these sections indicate worse outcomes, so decreases in the scores from pre-intervention to post-intervention would be indicative of a therapeutic outcome.
Time Frame
pre-intervention (prior to admission) to post-intervention (at 2-week follow-up visit)
Title
Change in Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) scores
Description
The investigators will also quantify changes in problem behavior following the intervention relative to baseline with the normalized scores on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). The ABC has 5 subscales: Irritability, Social Withdrawal, Stereotypic Behavior, Hyperactivity/Noncompliance, and Inappropriate Speech. Scores on the Irritability subscale (maximum of 45 and a minimum of zero), in particular, would be indicative of problem behavior. Higher scores on this subscale indicate worse outcomes, so decreases in this scale scores from pre-intervention to post-intervention would be indicative of a therapeutic outcome.
Time Frame
pre-intervention (prior to admission) to post-intervention (at 2-week follow-up visit)
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
direct observation of problem behavior reduction
Description
The goal of this clinical trial is to decrease problem behavior (e.g., aggression, tantrums) in children and adolescents with CdLS. The investigators will measure behavioral changes using a multidimensional approach. One measure is derived from direct observation of problem behavior during baseline (i.e., before the intervention) and at the conclusion of the treatment (i.e., after the intervention). The mean rate of problem behavior at the conclusion of treatment will be subtracted from the mean rate of problem behavior during baseline. This quantity will be divided by the mean rate of problem behavior during baseline, then multiplied times 100 to convert to a percentage. A common clinical benchmark using this design is an 80% reduction in problem behavior for successful treatments. Thus, treatments that reduce problem behavior by less than 80% are said to be ineffective.
Time Frame
over the course of 2 days

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
3 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
15 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria for treatment group: Child with CdLS and problem behavior: clinical diagnosis of CdLS confirmed; age 3 to 15 years; is English-speaking; exhibits SIB, aggression, and/or disruptive behavior; and is able to participate in several hours of assessment/treatment. Parent of child with CdLS is English-speaking and is willing to: attend 2 full-day and one half-day clinic visits; complete and return study measures; and implement a behavior plan. Inclusion Criteria for control group: Child with CdLS without problem behavior: clinical diagnosis of CdLS confirmed; is English-speaking age 3 to 15 years; and child's age and adaptive functioning level matches that of a child in the treatment group Parent of child with CdLS is English-speaking and willing to: complete and return study measures. Exclusion Criteria for treatment group: Child with CdLS: does not exhibit SIB, aggression, or disruptive behavior; child is younger than 3 years or older than 15 years; is not English-speaking; has severe SIB that produces significant tissue damage or requires protective equipment; has uncontrolled seizures; or has medical conditions or requires time-intensive medical care that limits attendance or participation. Parent of child with CdLS is not English-speaking or is not willing to complete study procedures. Exclusion Criteria for the control group: Child with CdLS: exhibits SIB, aggression, or disruptive behavior; is younger than 3 years or older than 15 years; is not English-speaking; age and adaptive functioning level do not match that of a child in the treatment group. Parent of child with CdLS is not English-speaking or willing to complete study procedures.
Central Contact Person:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
Patricia F Kurtz, PhD
Phone
443-923-2894
Email
kurtz@kennedykrieger.org
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
Michelle D Chin, MS, MPH
Phone
443-923-9467
Email
chin@kennedykrieger.org
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Patricia F Kurtz, PhD
Organizational Affiliation
Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc.
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Kennedy Krieger Institute
City
Baltimore
State/Province
Maryland
ZIP/Postal Code
21205
Country
United States
Individual Site Status
Recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Michelle Chin, MS, MPH
Phone
443-923-9467
Email
chin@kennedykrieger.org
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Patricia Kurtz, PHD
Phone
443-923-2894
Email
kurtz@kennedykrieger.org

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
No
Citations:
Citation
Aman, M. G., & Singh, N. (2017). The aberrant behavior checklist. East Aurora, NY: Slosson Educational Publications.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
16597185
Citation
Arron K, Oliver C, Hall S, Sloneem J, Forman D, McClintock K. Effects of social context on social interaction and self-injurious behavior in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Am J Ment Retard. 2006 May;111(3):184-92. doi: 10.1352/0895-8017(2006)111[184:EOSCOS]2.0.CO;2. Erratum In: Am J Ment Retard. 2006 Jul;111(4):298.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
7507294
Citation
Bay C, Mauk J, Radcliffe J, Kaplan P. Mild Brachmann-de Lange syndrome. Delineation of the clinical phenotype, and characteristic behaviors in a six-year-old boy. Am J Med Genet. 1993 Nov 15;47(7):965-8. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320470706.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
11055459
Citation
Bodfish JW, Symons FJ, Parker DE, Lewis MH. Varieties of repetitive behavior in autism: comparisons to mental retardation. J Autism Dev Disord. 2000 Jun;30(3):237-43. doi: 10.1023/a:1005596502855.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
16792430
Citation
Didden R, Korzilius H, van Oorsouw W, Sturmey P. Behavioral treatment of challenging behaviors in individuals with mild mental retardation: meta-analysis of single-subject research. Am J Ment Retard. 2006 Jul;111(4):290-8. doi: 10.1352/0895-8017(2006)111[290:BTOCBI]2.0.CO;2.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
8827248
Citation
Fisher WW, Piazza CC, Bowman LG, Amari A. Integrating caregiver report with systematic choice assessment to enhance reinforcer identification. Am J Ment Retard. 1996 Jul;101(1):15-25.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
1634435
Citation
Fisher W, Piazza CC, Bowman LG, Hagopian LP, Owens JC, Slevin I. A comparison of two approaches for identifying reinforcers for persons with severe and profound disabilities. J Appl Behav Anal. 1992 Summer;25(2):491-8. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-491.
Results Reference
background
Citation
Gilliam, J. ( 2006). Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (2nd ed.). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
22100975
Citation
Heyvaert M, Maes B, Van den Noortgate W, Kuppens S, Onghena P. A multilevel meta-analysis of single-case and small-n research on interventions for reducing challenging behavior in persons with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil. 2012 Mar-Apr;33(2):766-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.10.010. Epub 2011 Nov 21.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
8063622
Citation
Iwata BA, Dorsey MF, Slifer KJ, Bauman KE, Richman GS. Toward a functional analysis of self-injury. J Appl Behav Anal. 1994 Summer;27(2):197-209. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
2335488
Citation
Iwata BA, Pace GM, Kissel RC, Nau PA, Farber JM. The Self-Injury Trauma (SIT) Scale: a method for quantifying surface tissue damage caused by self-injurious behavior. J Appl Behav Anal. 1990 Spring;23(1):99-110. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-99.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
11936546
Citation
Kelley ME, Lerman DC, Van Camp CM. The effects of competing reinforcement schedules on the acquisition of functional communication. J Appl Behav Anal. 2002 Spring;35(1):59-63. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-59.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
12858985
Citation
Kurtz PF, Chin MD, Huete JM, Tarbox RS, O'Connor JT, Paclawskyj TR, Rush KS. Functional analysis and treatment of self-injurious behavior in young children a summary of 30 cases. J Appl Behav Anal. 2003 Summer;36(2):205-19. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-205.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
9210302
Citation
Lerman DC, Iwata BA, Shore BA, DeLeon IG. Effects of intermittent punishment on self-injurious behavior: an evaluation of schedule thinning. J Appl Behav Anal. 1997 Summer;30(2):187-201. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-187.
Results Reference
background
Citation
Martens, B. K., Witt, J. C., Elliott, S. N., & Darveaux, D. X. (1985). Teacher judgments concerning the acceptability of school-based interventions. Professional psychology: Research and practice, 16(2), 191.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
27699685
Citation
Mazefsky CA, Day TN, Siegel M, White SW, Yu L, Pilkonis PA; Autism and Developmental Disabilities Inpatient Research Collaborative (ADDIRC). Development of the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory: A PROMIS(R)ing Method for Creating Sensitive and Unbiased Questionnaires for Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2018 Nov;48(11):3736-3746. doi: 10.1007/s10803-016-2907-1.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
15816814
Citation
Moss J, Oliver C, Hall S, Arron K, Sloneem J, Petty J. The association between environmental events and self-injurious behaviour in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2005 Apr;49(Pt 4):269-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00649.x.
Results Reference
background
Citation
O'Neill, R. E., Horner, R. H., Albin, R. W., Storey, K., & Sprague, J. R. (1990). Functional analysis of problem behavior: A practical assessment guide: Sycamore Publishing Company.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
28177118
Citation
Phillips CL, Iannaccone JA, Rooker GW, Hagopian LP. Noncontingent reinforcement for the treatment of severe problem behavior: An analysis of 27 consecutive applications. J Appl Behav Anal. 2017 Apr;50(2):357-376. doi: 10.1002/jaba.376. Epub 2017 Feb 8.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
9652098
Citation
Piazza CC, Fisher WW, Hanley GP, LeBlanc LA, Worsdell AS, Lindauer SE, Keeney KM. Treatment of pica through multiple analyses of its reinforcing functions. J Appl Behav Anal. 1998 Summer;31(2):165-89. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-165.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
11814269
Citation
Rojahn J, Matson JL, Lott D, Esbensen AJ, Smalls Y. The Behavior Problems Inventory: an instrument for the assessment of self-injury, stereotyped behavior, and aggression/destruction in individuals with developmental disabilities. J Autism Dev Disord. 2001 Dec;31(6):577-88. doi: 10.1023/a:1013299028321.
Results Reference
background
Citation
Sparrow, SS, Cicchetti, DV, & Saulnier, C. A. (2016). Vineland adaptive behavior scales:Third edition (Vineland-3). Bloomington: NCS Pearson.
Results Reference
background

Learn more about this trial

Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of Problem Behavior in Children With Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

We'll reach out to this number within 24 hrs