Stress and Neurofeedback in Anorexia Nervosa

Inclusion Criteria: Healthy Controls (HC) Individuals aged 18-45 years Healthy body weight between 90 and 110 % average body weight since puberty. Regular monthly menstrual cycle (if applicable) Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Revised (EHI-R) LQ* score > +200 All ethnic backgrounds English is primary language spoken Anorexia Nervosa (AN) Age 18-45 years old Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Revised (EHI-R) LQ* score > +200 All ethnic backgrounds Current diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, including being underweight, will have a severe fear of weight gain, body image distortion and absence of the menstrual cycle over three consecutive months. English is primary language spoken Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AAN) Age 18-45 years old Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Revised (EHI-R) LQ* score > +200 All ethnic backgrounds Meets the criteria for anorexia nervosa except despite significant weight loss, the individual's weight is within or above the normal range English is primary language spoken Exclusion Criteria: Healthy Controls (HC) Current pregnancy or breast feeding within last 3 months First degree relative with current or past eating disorder Psychiatric Medication use such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), atypical antipsychotics, etc. Past or present Axis I psychiatric disorder including substance or alcohol use disorder as determined through structured clinical interview History of significant head trauma Indication of intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder Major Medical illness that requires medication or have significant impact on subject's life such as: diabetes, Alzheimer's disease or dementia, stroke, learning disability, mobility disorders, cancer, high blood pressure, etc. (to be determined through biological screening form and interview with principal investigator (PI) Recent history of suspected substance abuse or a lifetime history of psychostimulant abuse and/or dependence Contraindications to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including metal implants or braces (as determined through fMRI screening form) Anorexia Nervosa (AN) Pregnancy or breast feeding within last 3 months Lifetime history of bipolar I disorder or psychosis Current substance abuse or dependence in the past 3 months Psychotic illness/other organic brain syndromes, dementia, somatization disorders or conversion disorders Physical conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, pregnancy) known to influence eating or weight History of significant head trauma Indication of intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder Electrolyte, blood count or kidney or liver function abnormalities Contraindications to MRI including metal implants or braces (as determined through fMRI screening form) Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AAN) Pregnancy or breast feeding within last 3 months Lifetime history of bipolar disorder or psychosis Current substance abuse or dependence in the past 3 months Psychotic illness/other organic brain syndromes, dementia, somatization disorders or conversion disorders Physical conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, pregnancy) known to influence eating or weight History of significant head trauma Indication of intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder Electrolyte, blood count or kidney or liver function abnormalities Contraindications to MRI including metal implants or braces (as determined through fMRI screening form)