Tailoring CPP for the Foster Care Setting (CPP-FC)

The Perceived Stress Scale is a 14-item self-report measure of how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded individuals find their life circumstances. All items are rated on a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 ("Never") to 4 ("very often"). Some items are reverse-scored. Responses are summed to yield a total score (range 0 - 56), with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress.

The Child Adjustment & Parent Efficacy Scale (CAPES) is a 27-item measure of child behavior and emotional adjustment and parenting efficacy. Twenty items are 2-part questions that measure child behavior and parenting efficacy. Item responses are rated on a 4-point scale, ranging from 0 ("Not true of my child at all") to 3 ("True of my child very much"/"Most of the time") and a 2-point Yes/No scale. The Behavior Scale uses 26 items, and the Emotional Maladjustment Scale uses 4 items. Some items are reverse-scored. Items are summed to yield a total intensity score, which includes a behavior score and an emotional maladjustment score (range 0 - 12). Higher scores indicate a higher level of problems. The self-efficacy scale consists of 20 items on a 10-point scale, with responses ranging from 1 ("Certain I can't do it") to 10 ("Certain I can do it"). Items are summed to yield a total efficacy score, with higher scores indicating higher self-efficacy.

The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale is a 17-item questionnaire that measures overall parenting satisfaction and competence. Items are measured on a 6-point scale, with responses ranging from 1 ("Strongly disagree") to 6 ("Strongly agree"). Some items are reverse-scored. Items are summed to yield two subscales: parental satisfaction and parental self-efficacy. Higher scores indicate higher levels of parental satisfaction and parental self-efficacy.

The Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory is a 36-item measure that assesses disruptive behavior problems in children. Each item has two parts that make up the two subscales: Intensity and Problem. Intensity Scale items are rated on a 7-point scale, ranging from 1 ("Never") to 7 ("Always"), and Problem Scale items are Yes/No responses. Items from each scale are summed to yield the raw scale scores, which are converted to T-scores. Higher Intensity Scale scores indicate more frequent displays of the behaviors by the child, and higher Problem Scale scores indicate the parent perceives the behaviors as more problematic.

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a 25-item questionnaire that assesses child behavior. Items are rated on a 3-point scale and responses range from 0 ("Not true") to 2 ("Certainly true"). Some items are reverse-scored. Items are summed to yield 5 subscales: Emotional Problems, Conduct Problems, Hyperactivity, Peer Problems, and Prosocial. A total score is calculated using the sum of all the subscales, except Prosocial. Higher scores in each subscale and the total score indicate more child behavior problems.

The Parental Stress Scale is an 18-item questionnaire that assesses parental stress relating to parental sensitivity to the child, child behavior, and quality of the parent-child relationship. Items are rated on a 5-point scale, ranging from 1 ("Strongly disagree") to 5 ("Strongly agree"). Some items are reverse-scored. Items are summed to yield a total score, with higher scores indicating higher levels of parental stress.

The Group Environment Scale is a 25-item measure that assesses the dimensions of intervention group environments. Items are rated on a 5-point scale, with responses ranging from 1 ("Strongly disagree") to 5 ("Strongly agree"). Items are averaged to yield three subscales: Cohesiveness, Implementation and Preparedness, and Counterproductive Activity. Higher scores on the Cohesiveness Scale indicate more group cohesiveness. Higher scores on the Implementation and Preparedness indicate greater group implementation quality. Higher scores on the Counterproductive Activity Scale indicate more counterproductive group activities.