Upper Limb-based Movement Priming for Lower Limb Neuroplasticity & Motor Recovery in Stroke

Inclusion Criteria: Single, monohemispheric stroke Chronic stroke (> 6 months prior) Residual hemiparetic gait deficits (e.g., abnormal gait pattern) Minimum score of stage 2 on the Chedoke Arm Impairment Scale which includes stage 2, task 3 (facilitated elbow flexion) as one of the stage 2 tasks. Exclusion Criteria: Use of anti-spasticity medications Existence of other neurological disorders Have brainstem or cerebellar lesions. Score of ≥2 on the Modified Ashworth Scale. MMSE score of <21, to ensure they will follow instructions. Non-English-speaking individuals Bone, joint or soft tissue injury Dizziness or angina during physical activity Uncontrolled medical conditions (such as uncontrolled hypertension, untreated cardiac disease, or untreated pulmonary disease) Failure to pass the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) TMS exclusion criteria Previous adverse reaction to TMS Skull abnormalities or fractures Concussion within the prior 6 months Unexplained, recurring headaches Implanted cardiac pacemaker Metal implants in the head or face History of seizures or epilepsy Use of medications that could alter cortical excitability or increase risk of seizure (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, anticonvulsants) Current pregnancy tDCS exclusion criteria Skin hypersensitivity History of contact dermatitis History of allodynia and/or hyperalgesia Any other skin or scalp condition that could be aggravated by tDCS Previous adverse reactions to tDCS