The Effect of Different Intensities of Bilateral- and Cathodal-tDCS in Healthy Individuals

The Effect of Different Intensities of Bilateral- and Cathodal-transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Cortical Activity and Motor Performances in Healthy Individuals

This study will be divided into 2 sub-study 1) To investigate the effects of 1 mA, 1.5 mA, and 2 mA of bilateral- tDCS on cortical activity and motor/cognitive performances in healthy individuals 2) To investigate the effects of 1 mA, 1.5 mA, and 2 mA of cathodal-tDCS on cortical activity and motor/cognitive performances in healthy individuals.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is one of the non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques. It delivers weak direct current through the scalp via two electrodes. tDCS has been shown to modulate cortical excitability in polarity-specific effects; anodal increases cortical excitability, while cathodal decreases it. tDCS can be applied in two distinct montages: unilateral (an active electrode is applied over the cerebral cortex, while a reference electrode is applied over the contralateral orbit) and bilateral-tDCS (applying two electrodes simultaneously over both cerebral hemispheres). Many tDCS studies have been used as an add-on therapy in stroke patients which aimed to enhance motor re-learning after stroke. Anodal tDCS has been used to enhance cortical excitability in the lesioned hemisphere while cathodal tDCS is used to decrease it in the non-lesioned hemisphere and thus to rebalance the interhemispheric inhibition (IHI). However, there were recent studies reporting the reverse effect of cathodal-tDCS on cortical excitability at high doses. However, the effects of cathodal-tDCS among different doses on cortical excitability and on motor performance are still controversial no report of a non-linear effect for bilateral-tDCS. The present study will be investigated the effects of different intensities of unilateral cathodal tDCS and bilateral tDCS on cortical activity and functional outcomes in healthy individuals. A single session of different intensities of bilateral-tDCS or cathodal-tDCS (i.e., 1 mA, 1.5 mA, 2 mA vs. sham) will be combined with serial reaction time task (SRTT) in healthy individuals. Cortical activity will be measured as a primary outcome. All power bands (alpha, beta, delta, theta) will be analyzed. Moreover, analysis of brain activity will be also focused on both hemispheres. The reaction time of serial reaction time task and muscle strength will be served as the secondary outcome. Cortical activity and muscle strength will be evaluated before and after the intervention, while reaction time will be evaluated during and after the intervention.

The participants who will participate in one of two studies will be randomly received 1 mA or 1.5 mA or 2 mA or sham with the washout period for at least 2 weeks. The participants could not participate in both studies.

Participants will be received different intensities which are 1 mA, 1.5 mA and 2 mA for 20 minutes during performed serial reaction time task. The tDCS will be set with bilateral montage which applied anodal electrode over left hemisphere and cathodal electrode over right hemisphere.

Participants will be received different intensities which are 1 mA, 1.5 mA and 2 mA for 20 minutes during performed serial reaction time task. The tDCS will be set with cathodal montage which applied cathodal electrode over left hemisphere and anodal over right orbit.

The tDCS is non-invasive brain stimulation technique applied over the participant's scalp using a reference to the International 10-20 electrode Placement System for EEG electrode placement. The cathodal and anodal electrodes will be applied over the right and left primary motor areas, respectively.

The tDCS is non-invasive brain stimulation technique applied over the participant's scalp using a reference to the International 10-20 electrode Placement System for EEG electrode placement. The cathodal electrode will be attached over the left primary motor area while the anodal will be applied over the right supraorbital.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age 18-29 years old 2. Righ-hand dominant according to the Edinburgh handedness inventory 3. No injury to both upper and lower limb for the past 6 months Exclusion Criteria: 1. Presence of any neurological disorders 2. Presence of metal implantation, intracranial shunt, cochlear implantation, or cardiac pacemakers 3. Presence of opened wound or infectious wound around scalp 4. History of epilepsy or any neurological antecedent or unstable condition which can lead to seizure 5. Body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 6. Received hormonal treatment and/or drugs that increase sleepiness and affect movement control 7. Ischemic heart disease and peripheral vascular ischemia 8. Last stage of kidney disease and liver disease