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Sirolimus Drug-coated Balloon Versus Stent Graft (SUSTAIN)

Primary Purpose

Arteriovenous Shunt Thrombosis, Blood Vessel Prosthesis

Status
Not yet recruiting
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Singapore
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Sirolimus drug-coated balloon
Stent graft
Sponsored by
Singapore General Hospital
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Arteriovenous Shunt Thrombosis focused on measuring Arteriovenous graft, Thrombosis, Sirolimus, Drug-coated balloon, stent graft

Eligibility Criteria

21 Years - 85 Years (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria: Thrombosed AVG in the upper arm Successful thrombolysis of the thrombosed AVG, defined as the re-established of flow on Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) and restoration of thrill in the AVG on clinical examination (to be determined during procedure) Exclusion Criteria: Patient unable to provide informed consent Previous bare metal stent or stent-graft placement within the dialysis access Previous treatment with DCB within 3 months Presence of central vein stenosis which cannot be adequately treated (residual recoil of more than 30%) Failure to re-establish blood flow Failure to adequately treat the GV junction (defined as residual stenosis of more than 30%) Sepsis or active infection Recent intracranial bleed or gastrointestinal bleed within the past 12 months Allergy to iodinated contrast media, anti-platelet drugs, heparin or sirolimus Pregnancy Life expectancy < 12 months based on physician's estimate (eg. active malignancy)

Sites / Locations

  • Singapore General Hospital

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Experimental

Active Comparator

Arm Label

Sirolimus drug-coated balloon

Stent graft

Arm Description

The trial product is MagicTouch sirolimus drug coated balloon (Concept Medical). Sirolimus will be transferred from the balloon to the graft vein junction by inflating the balloon for 2 minutes at rated burst pressure (typically 12 to 14ATM).

Stent graft is the current standard of care for treatment of arteriovenous graft malfunction. A stent graft will be deployed at the graft vein junction.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Access circuit primary patency of AVG at 6-months
This is measured by the percentage of patients whose AVG remain patent at 6 months after the procedure

Secondary Outcome Measures

Access circuit primary patency of AVG at 12-months
This is measured by the percentage of patients whose AVG remain patent at 12 months after the procedure
Target lesion primary patency at 6- and 12-months
This is measured by the percentage of patients whose graft vein junction of AVG remain intervention-free at 6 and 12 months
The number of interventions needed to maintain patency of AVG at 12 months
Total number of repeat interventions to treat the AVG in 12 months
The technical and clinical success rates of the procedures
The percentage of patients who have successful re-establishment of flow in AVG (technical success) and undergo hemodialysis at prescribed blood flow for the prescribed duration (clinical success)
The complication rates of the procedures
Complication rates of the procedures
The cost associated with AVG interventions within 12 months
Total healthcare spending for AVG interventions

Full Information

First Posted
June 26, 2023
Last Updated
July 9, 2023
Sponsor
Singapore General Hospital
Collaborators
National Medical Research Council (NMRC), Singapore
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT05938530
Brief Title
Sirolimus Drug-coated Balloon Versus Stent Graft
Acronym
SUSTAIN
Official Title
Sirolimus Drug-coated Balloon Versus Stent Graft for Thrombosed Arteriovenous Graft (SUSTAIN)
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
July 2023
Overall Recruitment Status
Not yet recruiting
Study Start Date
August 2023 (Anticipated)
Primary Completion Date
August 2025 (Anticipated)
Study Completion Date
August 2026 (Anticipated)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
Singapore General Hospital
Collaborators
National Medical Research Council (NMRC), Singapore

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
A functioning dialysis vascular access is critical to the delivery of lifesaving hemodialysis. Arteriovenous graft (AVG) is a surgically created vascular access used for hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease. AVG thrombosis due to underlying flow-limiting stenosis of the graft vein junction and outflow veins is a common complication. Thrombosed AVG can be treated with thrombolysis combined with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with good immediate success rates. However, the mid-to-long term patency rates following angioplasty have been suboptimal. Sirolimus drug-coated balloon has been shown to be safe and effective in the salvage of thrombosed arteriovenous graft. The investigators hypothesize that sirolimus drug-coated balloon is non-inferior to stent graft in maintaining the patency of thrombosed AVG that is successfully salvaged. This study is conducted to compare the 6-month access circuit primary patency of thrombosed AVG treated with sirolimus drug-coated balloon versus stent graft.
Detailed Description
Arteriovenous graft (AVG) is a surgically created vascular access used for hemodialysis (HD). Neointimal hyperplasia frequently occurs within AVG, resulting in flow-limiting stenosis and thrombosis. The primary patency rates of AVGs after creation were 58% at 6 months and 33% at 18 months. Hence, vascular access failure has been a common reason for hospitalization among HD patients. The culprit lesion in AVG thrombosis is usually the graft-vein (GV) junction stenosis. Histopathology examination of thrombosed AVG demonstrated maximal neointimal hyperplasia at the GV junction. Thrombolysis combined with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of underlying stenosis has been the standard of care to restore the function of thrombosed AVGs. Despite its widespread availability and minimally invasive nature, the mid- and long-term patency of PTA for thrombosed AVG is far from satisfactory. The reported access circuit primary patency (ACPP) rate of thrombosed AVG following thrombolysis combined with PTA alone was only 23.5% at 6-month. This is because PTA is purely a mechanical intervention that does not address the underlying biological process of neointimal hyperplasia. Stent graft is a type of vascular stent with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) coating. It provides mechanical scaffolding that keeps vascular lumen open while the ePTFE coating limits neointimal hyperplasia. The therapeutic efficacy of stent graft in the treatment of graft vein junction stenosis has been convincingly demonstrated in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). For thrombosed AVG, the reported access circuit primary patency rates at 6-month following stenting were 34% compared to 21.8% with PTA alone. The National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) Clinical Practice Guideline for Vascular Access: 2019 Update therefore suggests the use of stent-grafts in preference to PTA alone to treat clinically significant GV junction stenosis in AVG for a better 6-month postintervention outcome. Despite its superiority compared to PTA in maintaining the short- and long-term patency of thrombosed AVG, stent graft is expensive and may not be suitable for all patients as it could impede future surgical revision or creation of a secondary vascular access in the ipsilateral arm. Furthermore, the deployment of stent graft is technically challenging and requires refined interventional skills in experience hands to ensure accurate landing and prevent migration. Drug-coated balloon (DCB) is a balloon catheter that is coated with an anti-proliferative drug. The drug is delivered directly to the vessel wall upon balloon inflation to prevent neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis. The efficacy of DCB have been shown in several randomized controlled trials. Liao et al demonstrated that angioplasty with DCB resulted in a modest improvement in primary patency of AVG with GV junction stenosis. We conducted a prior pilot study to examine the feasibility of Sirolimus DCB angioplasty at the GV junction following successful PTA for thrombosed AVGs. Our study demonstrated an ACPP of 55% at 6 months. This finding could imply that Sirolimus DCB can be an alternative option to stent graft deployment which is the recommended treatment. DCBs are cheaper and will not impede future secondary vascular access creation. Furthermore, DCB angioplasty is similar to PTA with plain balloon procedurally, thus it is not as technically challenging as stent graft deployment and does not require highly skilled operators. The investigators aim to perform a single-centre 2-arm parallel randomized non-inferiority trial to compare the 6-month post-intervention access circuit primary patency (ACPP) of sirolimus DCB versus stent graft in the management of thrombosed AVG. RECRUITMENT Patients who are admitted to the hospital for thrombosed AVG will be screened and offered enrollment if they meet the inclusion criteria. Patients will be consented if they fulfill the preliminary eligibility criteria and agree to participate in the study. Patients who have successful thrombectomy of the AVG is entered to the trial and randomized to receive either sirolimus DCB or stent graft. Patients who are unsuitable for the trial will be treated in the according to hospital standard protocol. STUDY PROCEDURE Thrombolysis of the AVG will be performed as per standard hospital protocol. Briefly, an antegrade and retrograde vascular sheath will be placed in the thrombosed AVG under ultrasound guidance. Thrombolytic agents will be delivered into the thrombosed AVG via the vascular sheaths or catheters. The culprit venous stenosis will be treated using plain angioplasty balloon and thrombus within the AVG macerated using the same angioplasty balloon. If needed, the arterial plug will be dislodged by a 5.5Fr Fogarty balloon. Following successful thrombolysis of the AVG, the number and location of lesions within the dialysis circuit will be documented. After successful thrombolysis and adequate angioplasty of the GV junction (defined as <30% residual stenosis after treatment at rated burst pressure of the angioplasty balloon), patient will be randomized to either receive sirolimus DCB or stent graft deployment at the GV junction. To ensure adequate contact, the DCB or stent graft should be of the same or oversized by 1mm the diameter of the AVG. The DCB will be inflated up to the manufacturer's stated burst pressure. An inflation device with a pressure gauge will be used to inflate up to manufacturers' stated burst pressure for a duration of 2 minutes. For patients who are randomized to stent graft, a same diameter plain angioplasty balloon will be used to fully expand the stent graft after deployment. Post treatment with DCB or stent graft, a completion graftogram will be done to document the results. The size of the balloon/stent used, inflation pressure, number of inflations, procedure complications (if any), and residual stenosis will be recorded. POST-PROCEDURE REVIEW AND FOLLOW-UP Immediate Post-intervention Follow-up All participants will be assessed by physical examination for the presence of a palpable, continuous thrill as a measure of technical success. Clinical success is defined as the patient's ability to undergo at least one hemodialysis treatment at the prescribed blood flow rate for the prescribed treatment duration. Post-intervention 1-month Follow-up All patients will be contacted via phone at 1-month ± 2 weeks to assess for any treatment site-related adverse event within 30 days. Post-intervention 6-month Follow-up The participant returns for a 6-month ± 4 weeks follow-up in the clinic to be assessed by the study team for the patency rate of AVG: a palpable, continuous thrill. Dialysis charts will be reviewed for clinical indicators of significant stenosis. Post-intervention 12-month Follow-up Each patient will be followed-up in clinic at 12-month ± 4 weeks follow-up in the clinic to be assessed by the study team for the patency rate of AVG: a palpable, continuous thrill. Dialysis charts will be reviewed for clinical indicators of significant stenosis. Reintervention Participants who required repeat thrombolysis of the AVG are considered to have reached primary endpoint and deemed to have completed the study and will not be replaced. The study team will continue tracking their progress until the end of intended 12-month study participation. The tracking includes review of their medical records, and if necessary, telephone call to the patient, to complete the data collection. Expected duration of study The total duration of study for each patient upon randomization will be 12-months. The study ends after the 12-month clinic follow-up. *Patency definitions are defined based on SIR reporting standards (Gray et al., 2003): Post-intervention target lesion patency: Interval after intervention until the next re-intervention at graft vein junction or until the access is abandoned. Percutaneous or surgical treatments of a new arterial or venous outflow stenosis/occlusion (including access thrombosis) that do not involve or exclude the graft vein junction from the access circuit are compatible with lesion patency. The creation of new access that incorporates the graft vein junction into the new access circuit is also compatible with target lesion patency. Post-intervention access circuit primary patency: Interval following intervention until the next access thrombosis or repeated intervention. It ends with the treatment of a lesion anywhere within the access circuit, from the arterial inflow to the superior vena cava-right atrial junction. Post-intervention access circuit assisted primary patency: Interval after intervention until access thrombosis or surgical intervention that excludes the treated lesion from the access circuit. Percutaneous treatments of either restenosis/occlusion of the previously treated lesion or a new arterial or venous outflow stenosis/occlusion (excluding access thrombosis) are compatible with assisted primary patency. Post-intervention access circuit secondary patency: Interval after intervention until the access is surgically declotted, revised or abandoned. Thrombolysis and percutaneous thrombectomy are compatible with secondary patency. ^Complications will be categorized according to SIR definitions of minor or major complications (Aruny et al., 2003): A major complication is defined as one that: require therapy, minor hospitalization (< 48 hours), require major therapy, unplanned increase in the level of care, prolonged hospitalization (>48 hours), leads to permanent adverse sequelae, or death A minor complication is one that: requires no therapy with no consequence, requires nominal therapy with no consequence; includes overnight admission for observation only.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Arteriovenous Shunt Thrombosis, Blood Vessel Prosthesis
Keywords
Arteriovenous graft, Thrombosis, Sirolimus, Drug-coated balloon, stent graft

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Model Description
Participants will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio into either the treatment (sirolimus DCB) arm or control (stent graft) arm
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
100 (Anticipated)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Sirolimus drug-coated balloon
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
The trial product is MagicTouch sirolimus drug coated balloon (Concept Medical). Sirolimus will be transferred from the balloon to the graft vein junction by inflating the balloon for 2 minutes at rated burst pressure (typically 12 to 14ATM).
Arm Title
Stent graft
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Stent graft is the current standard of care for treatment of arteriovenous graft malfunction. A stent graft will be deployed at the graft vein junction.
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
Sirolimus drug-coated balloon
Intervention Description
The effectiveness of sirolimus coated balloon in patients with dialysis access dysfunction has been shown in a small pilot study in the salvage of thrombosed arteriovenous graft.
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
Stent graft
Intervention Description
Stent graft has been shown to be superior than plain balloon angioplasty in the treatment of AVG dysfunction.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Access circuit primary patency of AVG at 6-months
Description
This is measured by the percentage of patients whose AVG remain patent at 6 months after the procedure
Time Frame
6 months
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Access circuit primary patency of AVG at 12-months
Description
This is measured by the percentage of patients whose AVG remain patent at 12 months after the procedure
Time Frame
12 months
Title
Target lesion primary patency at 6- and 12-months
Description
This is measured by the percentage of patients whose graft vein junction of AVG remain intervention-free at 6 and 12 months
Time Frame
6 and 12 months
Title
The number of interventions needed to maintain patency of AVG at 12 months
Description
Total number of repeat interventions to treat the AVG in 12 months
Time Frame
12 months
Title
The technical and clinical success rates of the procedures
Description
The percentage of patients who have successful re-establishment of flow in AVG (technical success) and undergo hemodialysis at prescribed blood flow for the prescribed duration (clinical success)
Time Frame
Immediately after the procedure
Title
The complication rates of the procedures
Description
Complication rates of the procedures
Time Frame
Immediately after the procedure
Title
The cost associated with AVG interventions within 12 months
Description
Total healthcare spending for AVG interventions
Time Frame
12 months

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
21 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
85 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Thrombosed AVG in the upper arm Successful thrombolysis of the thrombosed AVG, defined as the re-established of flow on Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) and restoration of thrill in the AVG on clinical examination (to be determined during procedure) Exclusion Criteria: Patient unable to provide informed consent Previous bare metal stent or stent-graft placement within the dialysis access Previous treatment with DCB within 3 months Presence of central vein stenosis which cannot be adequately treated (residual recoil of more than 30%) Failure to re-establish blood flow Failure to adequately treat the GV junction (defined as residual stenosis of more than 30%) Sepsis or active infection Recent intracranial bleed or gastrointestinal bleed within the past 12 months Allergy to iodinated contrast media, anti-platelet drugs, heparin or sirolimus Pregnancy Life expectancy < 12 months based on physician's estimate (eg. active malignancy)
Central Contact Person:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
Ru Yu Tan
Phone
+6563214436
Email
tan.ru.yu@singhealth.com.sg
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Ru Yu Tan
Organizational Affiliation
Singapore General Hospital
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Singapore General Hospital
City
Singapore
Country
Singapore
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Ru Yu Tan
Phone
+6563214436
Email
tan.ru.yu@singhealth.com.sg
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Chieh Suai Tan, MD
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Suh Chien Pang, MD
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Alvin Ren Kwang Tng, MD
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Chee Wooi Tan, MD
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Tze Tec Chong, MD
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
H'sien Tsung Tay, MD
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Hao Yun Yap, MD
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Kiang Hiong Tay, MD
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Apoorva Gogna, MD
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Kun Da Zhuang, MD

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
No
Citations:
Citation
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Sirolimus Drug-coated Balloon Versus Stent Graft

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