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Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) Followed by Photodynamic Trans-urethral Resection of Bladder Tumours (PDD-TURBT) to Avoid Secondary Resections (Re-TURBT) in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancers (NMIBCs) (CUT-less)

Primary Purpose

Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer, Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, High Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Status
Not yet recruiting
Phase
Phase 4
Locations
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
PDD-TURBT with hexaminolevulinate (Hexvix®)
Power Led Saphira (TM) from KARL STORZ
Sponsored by
University of Roma La Sapienza
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - undefined (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria: Female and Male patients at least 18 years old referred for clinical suspicion of primary or recurrent BCa who have been advised to undergo TURBT. Patients with a TUR-confirmed diagnosis of NMIBC and candidate for second look and resection (Re-TURBT) according to EAU Guidelines [6]. No imaging evidence (i.e., mpMRI/VI-RADS score 1 or 2) of muscle-invasive, locally advanced, or metastatic BCa (i.e., only confirmed CIS, Ta, T1, N0, M0 will be considered eligible). Patients who never received adjuvant Bacillus of Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy (i.e., BCG naïve patients) for previous BCa history. Fit to undergo all procedures listed in protocol. Able to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Contraindication to TURBT and/or Re-TURBT. Initial TURBT diagnosis of MIBC (i.e., T2) or locally advanced BCa (i.e., T3-T4). Preoperative evidence of metastatic disease (i.e., cN1 - N3 and/or cM1). Visual evidence of low-risk NMIBC (solitary tumor, < 1 cm) before initial TURBT. Visual evidence of MIBC on preliminary cystoscopy (i.e., non-papillary or sessile mass attached directly by its base without a stalk). TURBT diagnosis of NMIBCs not eligible for Re-TURBT according to EAU Guidelines (i.e., Ta-LG; Ta-HG with detrusor muscle in the specimen; primary CIS) [6]. Concomitant Upper tract (kidney or ureteric) tumours on imaging. Contraindication to adjuvant intravesical BCG immunotherapy. Unfit to undergo any procedures listed in protocol.

Sites / Locations

    Arms of the Study

    Arm 1

    Arm 2

    Arm Type

    Experimental

    No Intervention

    Arm Label

    PPD-TURBT (no Re-TURBT)

    WL TURBT plus Re-TURBT (Standard of Care)

    Arm Description

    Primary PDD-TURBT, not followed by Re-TURBT

    Standard of care consisting in primary WL TURBT followed by WL Re-TURBT within 2 - 6 weeks from initial WL TURBT

    Outcomes

    Primary Outcome Measures

    Proportion of EARLY Bladder Cancer (BCa) recurrences
    The proportion of early BCa recurrences (i.e., within 4.5 months follow-up) in those non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated by standard of care (i.e., TURBT followed by Re-TURBT) compared to our novel algorithm proposal (i.e., primary PDD-TURBT followed by no Re-TURBT).

    Secondary Outcome Measures

    Proportion of LATE BCa recurrences
    To determine the proportion of BCa late recurrences (i.e., after 4.5 months follow-up) in patients with NMIBC treated by standard of care compared to our novel algorithm proposal
    Proportion of progression from NMIBC to MIBC
    To determine the proportion of progression from NMIBC to MIBC in patients with NMIBC treated by standard of care compared to our novel algorithm proposal.
    Changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL)
    To determine changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) resulting from the physical and psychological benefit together with any harms associated with each strategy and with subsequent additional interventions. We will use generic QoL for cost-effectiveness analysis (i.e., EuroQoL Group [EQ]-5D-3L).
    Changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL)
    To determine changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) resulting from the physical and psychological benefit together with any harms associated with each strategy and with subsequent additional interventions. We will use and specific validated questionnaires to assess the outcomes of interest in the NMIBC population (i.e., European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC]-QLQ-C30).
    Changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL)
    To determine changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) resulting from the physical and psychological benefit together with any harms associated with each strategy and with subsequent additional interventions. We will use and specific validated questionnaires to assess the outcomes of interest in the NMIBC population (i.e., European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] QLQ-NMIBC24).
    Cost-effectiveness analysis
    To perform a within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis to calculate incremental cost per Re-TURBT avoided and the cost-utility of the experimental approach as measured by the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained at 2 years and over patients' lifetime.

    Full Information

    First Posted
    July 13, 2023
    Last Updated
    July 24, 2023
    Sponsor
    University of Roma La Sapienza
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    1. Study Identification

    Unique Protocol Identification Number
    NCT05962541
    Brief Title
    Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) Followed by Photodynamic Trans-urethral Resection of Bladder Tumours (PDD-TURBT) to Avoid Secondary Resections (Re-TURBT) in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancers (NMIBCs)
    Acronym
    CUT-less
    Official Title
    Non-inferiority, Phase IV, Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial of Vesical Imaging- Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) Followed by Primary Photodynamic Trans-urethral Resection of Bladder Tumours (PDD-TURBT) Versus Conventional White-light TURBT Plus Repeated-TURBT (Re-TURBT) in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancers (NMIBCs) Candidate for Second Look and Resection
    Study Type
    Interventional

    2. Study Status

    Record Verification Date
    July 2023
    Overall Recruitment Status
    Not yet recruiting
    Study Start Date
    February 2024 (Anticipated)
    Primary Completion Date
    February 2027 (Anticipated)
    Study Completion Date
    February 2030 (Anticipated)

    3. Sponsor/Collaborators

    Responsible Party, by Official Title
    Principal Investigator
    Name of the Sponsor
    University of Roma La Sapienza

    4. Oversight

    Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
    No
    Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
    No
    Product Manufactured in and Exported from the U.S.
    No
    Data Monitoring Committee
    No

    5. Study Description

    Brief Summary
    Background: In European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines, the vast majority of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBCs) undergo a primary transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) followed by a repeat TURBT (Re-TURBT). The Re-TURBT is recommended due to the possibility of residual bladder cancer but is unnecessary in many cases by constituting overtreatment. Currently, no diagnostic strategy or predictive tools have been implemented to further stratify who does or does not benefit from Re-TURBT. Recently, an MRI-based Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) score has been developed to stage as to the preoperative probability of muscle invasion, which could potentially exclude those who do not require a Re-TURBT when a primary high-quality resection is delivered. As such, performing TURBT with standard white light (WL) cystoscopy is known to miss many bladder tumours, which may be poorly visible, and a technique known as with photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) results in lower residual tumor and lower early intravesical recurrence rates. PDD is performed using violet light to improve the detection of these lesions not easily visible with WL cystoscopy. Methods/Aims: The investigators propose an Italian, single-center, phase IV, open-label, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial, in which participants (n=112) who had already received a mpMRI/VI-RADS score, are randomized to receive PDD-TURBT, no Re-TURBT versus standard of care represented by conventional WL-TURBT followed by WL-Re-TURBT. The primary outcome is proportions of early recurrence in the urinary bladder. Secondary outcomes will include proportions of late BCa recurrence, late disease-free interval, time to progression to MIBC, patient's quality of life assessment, and cost-analysis. Perspective: The CUT-less trial aims to respond to this unmet need through a non-inferiority randomized clinical study potentially shaping the perspective for a paradigm shift towards a more personalized, socially, and economically sustainable updated NMIBC therapeutic pathway. Implications: The current clinical trial proposal is aiming to achieve a paradigm shift in the oncological and socio-economical management of urothelial malignancies of the urinary bladder. Our first concern is indeed to guarantee a safe and ground-breaking strategy to manage the pathway of such patients in order to guarantee the non-inferior oncologic safety (and possibly superiority) when compared to the current standard of care. Additionally, if our hypotheses are confirmed, the investigators will be able to significantly relieve these patients from the oncologic burden of an already invasive and arduous bladder cancer care path. Finally, safely avoiding an unnecessary, expensive surgical procedure will bring significant social and economic benefits to the EU healthcare system and possibly worldwide.
    Detailed Description
    BACKGROUND, STATE OF THE ART and RATIONALE FOR THE INTERVENTIONS The vast majority (75-80%) of bladder cancers (BCa) patients present with disease confined either to the mucosa (stage Ta, carcinoma in situ [CIS]) or the submucosa (stage T1) according to the tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) classification system. These tumours that do not invade the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder are defined as superficial, non-invasive, or non-muscle invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC) to differentiate them from the less common, but significantly more deadly muscle invasive bladder cancers (MIBC; stage T2 - T4). Although the initial procedure for surgical management of both NMIBC and MIBC tumours is a trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), it serves different purposes for NMIBC when compared with MIBC. For NMIBC, TURBT acts as both a diagnostic and a therapeutic procedure, but for MIBC patients, TURBT is only a diagnostic procedure, as additional radical intervention, such as radical cystectomy (RC), are usually required. However, there are many potential issues that can affect TURBT performance, including a high degree of operator dependence for optimal outcomes. Along these lines, one particular issue is that many of the so-called early BCa recurrences are actually incomplete resections during initial TURBT. Incomplete resections can lead also to understaging (i.e., inaccurate discrimination between NMIBC and MIBC), which can adversely affect the survival of the patient. Incomplete tumor resection and residual tumor rates vary between 33% and 76% for all cases, with rates of 27-72% and 33-78% for Ta and T1 tumours, respectively. Also, underestimation of tumor depth invasion at first TURBT has been demonstrated in up to 7-30% of cases, increasing up to 45-51% in those with T1 tumours where no detrusor muscle was sampled in the specimen after initial TURBT. Based on these above issues, European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines recommend a second look and resection (i.e., re-do TURBT [Re-TURBT]) 2 to 6 weeks following the primary TURBT in cases of (I) incomplete initial TURBT or doubt about completeness of a TURBT, (II) if there is no detrusor muscle in the specimen after initial TURBT, and (III) in all T1 tumours. As such, if Re-TURBT is to be considered an "emergency rescue" performed because of the suboptimal quality of the initial TURBT, this can result in significant detriments to the patient's quality of life (QoL) (e.g., second hospitalization, second anesthesia, potential risk for complications, delay in definitive treatment etc.). These can result in additional negative social implications (e.g., productivity loss, indirect costs etc.) and health-care-related costs (e.g., surgical procedure costs, in-hospital recovery costs, postoperative care etc.). The CUT-less study aims to address these major oncological, economic, and social unmet needs related to the current EAU BCa algorithm throughout a phase IV, open-label, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial. In particular, one of our aims is trying to avoid unnecessary Re-TURBT by utilizing intraoperative visually enhanced photodynamic assisted TURBT (PDD-TURBT) among those who had already been evaluated by multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMR) image-based staging before the initial TURBT as a combined novel strategy. In doing so, the investigators hope to select for those in whom a Re-TURBT would normally be recommended, unnecessarily. The investigators will compare this cohort to one that follows the current standard of care algorithm, (i.e., conventional white light [WL] initial TURBT followed by WL-Re-TURBT). The investigators will examine the relative proportions of early BCa recurrence within the first 4.5 months after randomization. This would be the time between randomization, surgical TURBTs (i.e., 1.5 months) and first follow-up cystoscopy which is set at 3 months according to the International NMIBC Clinical trial Guidelines. The primary objectives of the CUT-less trial are indeed to provide the highest level of evidence demonstrating non-inferiority between of this novel multidisciplinary and translational approach integrating functional MRI and intraoperative visually assisted enhanced trans-urethral surgery and the current EAU BCa pathway. This will potentially lead to the redefinition of the criteria for Re-TURBT selection and will avoid unnecessary surgical procedures in up to half of diagnosed NMIBCs. The impact of such paradigm shift will transform the patient's perspective in their own BCa care and will limit the social and economic burden of BCa management across the EU and hopefully worldwide. STUDY AIMS, DESIGN and METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK Overall aim To utilize our expertise in mpMRI of the bladder diagnostics for pre-TURBT staging purposes, intraoperative TURBT optical imaging enhancement by PDD-guided primary resection in order to potentially shift clinical practice. In doing so, the investigators seek to improve the therapeutic algorithm and personalization for NMIBC treatment by not performing those Re-TURBT procedures which could be safely omitted. Sample Size Calculation The cohort of interest will be represented by intermediate/high-risk NMIBCs who are currently those eligible for Re-TURBT according to EUA Guidelines. For the primary outcome of the proportion of early BCa recurrence (i.e., within 4.5 months follow-up) between the two arms, the investigators acknowledge that rates of early BCa recurrence detection among NMIBCs undergoing TURBT along with adjuvant intravesical BCG immunotherapy in a population, with equally distributed literature-defined risk factors for BCa recurrences, have been shown to be 10% according to available literature. For the non-inferiority hypothesis, using 80% power and a 5% one sided-alpha, using an estimate for detection rate of early BCa recurrence among intermediate/high-risk NMIBCs of 7.5% and using a margin of clinical unimportance of 10%, n=112 patients per arm will be required. The choice of 10% as the margin of non-inferiority represents a difference that would be considered clinically unimportant in the detection rate for the event of early BCa recurrence in a population already screened by mpMRI and VI-RADS score determination for the risk of disease understaging. To achieve this, prior to randomization, the investigators will screen potential eligible participants by VI-RADS score determination and will exclude patients suspected for MIBC (15-20%) and, from the remaining NMIBCs, exclude low risk disease (25-30%). Furthermore, the investigators predict 35-40% of these patients will be recruited based on willingness to participate or missed opportunities for recruitment. Thus, total subjects required in study would be n=224. Accounting for 15% withdrawal/loss to follow up, n=258 men will need to be recruited. GROUND-BREAKING AMBITION OF THE PROPOSAL AND ADVANCEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE OVER THE STATE OF THE ART BCa is a high priority area for research into both clinical and cost-effective management and the findings from the CUT-less trial will be relevant and important to patient needs over the next years across the EU and worldwide. TURBT is the standard of care both to diagnose and treat the vast majority of NMIBCs. Nonetheless, to overcome the intrinsic limitations of TURBT, to achieve the desired complete resection, and to correct potential staging errors, a second endoscopic procedure (i.e., Re-TURBT) is recommended by EUA Guidelines for most intermediate and high-risk NMIBCs categories. However, there is still no currently available strategy to select the ideal candidate for this. Notably, from a patient perspective, there are often considerable anxieties about transurethral resection procedures, risk of recurrences, and progression requiring additional therapies with potential mortality and long-term morbidity. TURBTs in general, are associated with possible significant postoperative and long-term complications and morbidity ranging from 5.1% to 43.3% according to the different series. Specifically, the potential for complications during Re-TURBT is not trivial and hemorrhage, the need for blood transfusion, or bladder perforation can negatively impact patient care and lead to delays in treatment, ultimately influencing survival outcomes. Any TUR itself is therefore associated with reduced QoL, including in both mental and physical health domains. Substantial reductions in health related QoL are most likely to come from repeated hospitalizations, surgical complications, invasive adjuvant intravesical treatments, and radical or palliative treatments for progression. As consequence, a secondary resection performed 2 to 6 weeks from the primary resection represents an additional burden in an already arduous BCa pathway. To our knowledge this surgical scenario has never been scrutinized in the framework of a RCT despite the lack of evidence to uniformly support Re-TURBT in every case. Moreover, both European and American series had reported that performing Re-TURBT did not impact long-term progression-free survival and that the tumor status at repeat TUR had only a marginal role in influencing long-term cancer-specific survival. Additionally, NMIBC is one of the most expensive cancers to manage on a per patient basis because of its high prevalence, high recurrence rate, need for adjuvant treatments, and the requirement for long-term surveillance protocols. Because of the protracted clinical course of early-stage disease, its prevalence relative to MIBC, and its procedure-oriented surveillance, the associated cumulative medical payments are generally more substantial than those for advanced disease. The average per capita spending for NMIBC is increasing in the last two decades, from €7000 to €9000. These increasing costs are mainly attributable to the more frequent use of endoscopy (e.g., cystoscopy, TURBT, Re-TURBT) and the adjuvant intravesical therapies. TURBT accounts for a substantial portion of total bladder treatment costs ranging from €3000 to €6000 depending on whether patients are discharged following the procedure or admitted for inpatient care. Given these urgent needs for optimizing the NMIBC algorithm, the CUT-less trial will explore a novel multidisciplinary approach for minimizing the burden of surgical exposure to patients and for resizing the costs to the EU health care systems by redefining the selection criteria for NMIBC candidates for Re-TURBT procedures. In conclusion, the currently available EAU Guidelines rely on conflicting and out of date evidence which do not offer a contemporary viewpoint as to the role of Re-TURBT. Our updated protocol which utilizes both mpMRI diagnostic imaging and PDD guided resections will be closely examined in the CUT-less trial, with goal of more personalized, both socially and economically sustainable updated NMIBC therapeutic pathways for use in the EU.

    6. Conditions and Keywords

    Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
    Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer, Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, High Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

    7. Study Design

    Primary Purpose
    Treatment
    Study Phase
    Phase 4
    Interventional Study Model
    Parallel Assignment
    Model Description
    Italian, single-center, phase IV, open-label, randomized controlled trial, with patients randomized in a 1:1 ratio to one of two arms
    Masking
    None (Open Label)
    Allocation
    Randomized
    Enrollment
    258 (Anticipated)

    8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

    Arm Title
    PPD-TURBT (no Re-TURBT)
    Arm Type
    Experimental
    Arm Description
    Primary PDD-TURBT, not followed by Re-TURBT
    Arm Title
    WL TURBT plus Re-TURBT (Standard of Care)
    Arm Type
    No Intervention
    Arm Description
    Standard of care consisting in primary WL TURBT followed by WL Re-TURBT within 2 - 6 weeks from initial WL TURBT
    Intervention Type
    Drug
    Intervention Name(s)
    PDD-TURBT with hexaminolevulinate (Hexvix®)
    Other Intervention Name(s)
    Hexvix®
    Intervention Description
    In order to undergo PDD-TURBT, all eligible patients in the experimental arm will be administered the photosensitizer hexaminolevulinate (85 mg in 50 ml of phosphate buffered saline, Hexvix®) on an inpatient setting through a urethral catheterization of the participant's bladder. During the PDD-TURBT surgery, the bladder will be illuminated with blue light (wavelength 380-450 nm). The operating rooms of the participant institutions will therefore need to have the specialized equipment consisting in the blue-light source (POWER LED SAPHIRA [TM]).
    Intervention Type
    Device
    Intervention Name(s)
    Power Led Saphira (TM) from KARL STORZ
    Other Intervention Name(s)
    Power Led Saphira (TM)
    Intervention Description
    This is a light source based on LED technology. It can be used for both White Light (WL) and fluorescence applications in blue light (i.e., Photodynamic diagnosis PDD) for visualizing tumor lesions during trans-urethral resection of bladder tumors (PPD- TURBT).
    Primary Outcome Measure Information:
    Title
    Proportion of EARLY Bladder Cancer (BCa) recurrences
    Description
    The proportion of early BCa recurrences (i.e., within 4.5 months follow-up) in those non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated by standard of care (i.e., TURBT followed by Re-TURBT) compared to our novel algorithm proposal (i.e., primary PDD-TURBT followed by no Re-TURBT).
    Time Frame
    within 4.5 months following primary intervention
    Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
    Title
    Proportion of LATE BCa recurrences
    Description
    To determine the proportion of BCa late recurrences (i.e., after 4.5 months follow-up) in patients with NMIBC treated by standard of care compared to our novel algorithm proposal
    Time Frame
    after 4.5 months following primary intervention
    Title
    Proportion of progression from NMIBC to MIBC
    Description
    To determine the proportion of progression from NMIBC to MIBC in patients with NMIBC treated by standard of care compared to our novel algorithm proposal.
    Time Frame
    over 3 years follow-up
    Title
    Changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL)
    Description
    To determine changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) resulting from the physical and psychological benefit together with any harms associated with each strategy and with subsequent additional interventions. We will use generic QoL for cost-effectiveness analysis (i.e., EuroQoL Group [EQ]-5D-3L).
    Time Frame
    over 3 years follow-up
    Title
    Changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL)
    Description
    To determine changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) resulting from the physical and psychological benefit together with any harms associated with each strategy and with subsequent additional interventions. We will use and specific validated questionnaires to assess the outcomes of interest in the NMIBC population (i.e., European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC]-QLQ-C30).
    Time Frame
    over 3 years follow-up
    Title
    Changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL)
    Description
    To determine changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) resulting from the physical and psychological benefit together with any harms associated with each strategy and with subsequent additional interventions. We will use and specific validated questionnaires to assess the outcomes of interest in the NMIBC population (i.e., European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] QLQ-NMIBC24).
    Time Frame
    over 3 years follow-up
    Title
    Cost-effectiveness analysis
    Description
    To perform a within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis to calculate incremental cost per Re-TURBT avoided and the cost-utility of the experimental approach as measured by the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained at 2 years and over patients' lifetime.
    Time Frame
    over 3 years follow-up

    10. Eligibility

    Sex
    All
    Minimum Age & Unit of Time
    18 Years
    Accepts Healthy Volunteers
    No
    Eligibility Criteria
    Inclusion Criteria: Female and Male patients at least 18 years old referred for clinical suspicion of primary or recurrent BCa who have been advised to undergo TURBT. Patients with a TUR-confirmed diagnosis of NMIBC and candidate for second look and resection (Re-TURBT) according to EAU Guidelines [6]. No imaging evidence (i.e., mpMRI/VI-RADS score 1 or 2) of muscle-invasive, locally advanced, or metastatic BCa (i.e., only confirmed CIS, Ta, T1, N0, M0 will be considered eligible). Patients who never received adjuvant Bacillus of Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy (i.e., BCG naïve patients) for previous BCa history. Fit to undergo all procedures listed in protocol. Able to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Contraindication to TURBT and/or Re-TURBT. Initial TURBT diagnosis of MIBC (i.e., T2) or locally advanced BCa (i.e., T3-T4). Preoperative evidence of metastatic disease (i.e., cN1 - N3 and/or cM1). Visual evidence of low-risk NMIBC (solitary tumor, < 1 cm) before initial TURBT. Visual evidence of MIBC on preliminary cystoscopy (i.e., non-papillary or sessile mass attached directly by its base without a stalk). TURBT diagnosis of NMIBCs not eligible for Re-TURBT according to EAU Guidelines (i.e., Ta-LG; Ta-HG with detrusor muscle in the specimen; primary CIS) [6]. Concomitant Upper tract (kidney or ureteric) tumours on imaging. Contraindication to adjuvant intravesical BCG immunotherapy. Unfit to undergo any procedures listed in protocol.
    Central Contact Person:
    First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
    Francesco Del Giudice, MD
    Phone
    +39 3395382464
    Email
    francesco.delgiudice@uniroma1.it

    12. IPD Sharing Statement

    Plan to Share IPD
    No
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    Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) Followed by Photodynamic Trans-urethral Resection of Bladder Tumours (PDD-TURBT) to Avoid Secondary Resections (Re-TURBT) in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancers (NMIBCs)

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