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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Oral Frailty, Dysphagia, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

Primary Purpose

Dysphagia, OSA, CPAP

Status
Recruiting
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Taiwan
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
CPAP
Sponsored by
National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Dysphagia focused on measuring Obstructive sleep apnea, Oral frailty, Dysphagia, CPAP

Eligibility Criteria

50 Years - undefined (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesAccepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion Criteria: Age 50 years or older. Medically diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (apnea and hypopnea index, AHI, ≥ 5 events per hour). Clear consciousness and able to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese. Exclusion Criteria: Central sleep apnea patients. Patients with neurological or muscular disorders (such as stroke or Parkinson's disease). Patients diagnosed with oral cancer currently undergoing oral treatment.

Sites / Locations

  • National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityRecruiting

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Experimental

No Intervention

Arm Label

OSA patients

Usual group

Arm Description

The experimental group in this study consisted of individuals who were assigned to the CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) intervention. Participants in the experimental group were instructed to wear a CPAP device during their sleep.

In the control group, participants received standard or routine nursing care without any specific interventions(CPAP) or modifications. The standard nursing care provided to the participants followed established protocols and guidelines commonly practiced in general healthcare settings.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Baseline_Poor occlusal force
The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.
Within 1-month_Poor occlusal force
The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.
3-month_Poor occlusal force
The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.
6-month_Poor occlusal force
The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.
Baseline_Poor masticatory function
The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.
Within 1-month_Poor masticatory function
The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.
3-month_Poor masticatory function
The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.
6-month_Poor masticatory function
The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.
Baseline_Poor tongue-lip motor function
The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.
Within 1-month_Poor tongue-lip motor function
The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.
3-month_Poor tongue-lip motor function
The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.
6-month_Poor tongue-lip motor function
The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.
Baseline_Low tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.
Within 1-month_Low tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.
3-month_Low tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.
6-month_Low tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.
Baseline_Low swallowing tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.
Within 1-month_Low swallowing tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.
3-month_Low swallowing tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.
6-month_Low swallowing tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.
Baseline_Dysphagia
The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely
Within 1-month_Dysphagia
The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely
3-month_Dysphagia
The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely
6-month_Dysphagia
The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely
Baseline_Oral Health status
The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.
Within 1-month_Oral Health status
The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.
3-month_Oral Health status
The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.
6-month_Oral Health status
The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Full Information

First Posted
July 18, 2023
Last Updated
July 28, 2023
Sponsor
National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT05977296
Brief Title
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Oral Frailty, Dysphagia, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
Official Title
The Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) on Oral Frailty and Dysphagia in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA): A Prospective Cohort Study Design
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
July 2023
Overall Recruitment Status
Recruiting
Study Start Date
April 14, 2022 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
December 31, 2024 (Anticipated)
Study Completion Date
December 31, 2024 (Anticipated)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
National Cheng-Kung University Hospital

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the CPAP treatment on oral frailty and dysphagia among OSA patients.
Detailed Description
The research will be divided into three stages. The first stage will investigate the incidence of OSA in patients over 50 years old using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). The second stage will examine the relationships among OSA, oral frailty, and dysphagia through an observational case-control study with 225 OSA patients and 225 controls. The third stage will evaluate the effects of CPAP treatment on oral frailty and dysphagia among moderate-severe OSA persons through a prospective cohort study with repeat four times measurements.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Dysphagia, OSA, CPAP
Keywords
Obstructive sleep apnea, Oral frailty, Dysphagia, CPAP

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
Non-Randomized
Enrollment
450 (Anticipated)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
OSA patients
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
The experimental group in this study consisted of individuals who were assigned to the CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) intervention. Participants in the experimental group were instructed to wear a CPAP device during their sleep.
Arm Title
Usual group
Arm Type
No Intervention
Arm Description
In the control group, participants received standard or routine nursing care without any specific interventions(CPAP) or modifications. The standard nursing care provided to the participants followed established protocols and guidelines commonly practiced in general healthcare settings.
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
CPAP
Intervention Description
To use CPAP
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Baseline_Poor occlusal force
Description
The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.
Time Frame
Baseline
Title
Within 1-month_Poor occlusal force
Description
The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.
Time Frame
2 or 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months
Title
3-month_Poor occlusal force
Description
The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.
Time Frame
3 months
Title
6-month_Poor occlusal force
Description
The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.
Time Frame
6 months
Title
Baseline_Poor masticatory function
Description
The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.
Time Frame
Baseline
Title
Within 1-month_Poor masticatory function
Description
The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.
Time Frame
2 or 4 weeks
Title
3-month_Poor masticatory function
Description
The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.
Time Frame
3 months
Title
6-month_Poor masticatory function
Description
The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.
Time Frame
6 months
Title
Baseline_Poor tongue-lip motor function
Description
The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.
Time Frame
Baseline
Title
Within 1-month_Poor tongue-lip motor function
Description
The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.
Time Frame
2 or 4 weeks
Title
3-month_Poor tongue-lip motor function
Description
The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.
Time Frame
3 months
Title
6-month_Poor tongue-lip motor function
Description
The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.
Time Frame
6 months
Title
Baseline_Low tongue pressure
Description
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.
Time Frame
Baseline, 2 or 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months
Title
Within 1-month_Low tongue pressure
Description
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.
Time Frame
2 or 4 weeks
Title
3-month_Low tongue pressure
Description
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.
Time Frame
3 months, 6 months
Title
6-month_Low tongue pressure
Description
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.
Time Frame
6 months
Title
Baseline_Low swallowing tongue pressure
Description
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.
Time Frame
Baseline
Title
Within 1-month_Low swallowing tongue pressure
Description
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.
Time Frame
2 or 4 weeks
Title
3-month_Low swallowing tongue pressure
Description
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.
Time Frame
3 months
Title
6-month_Low swallowing tongue pressure
Description
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.
Time Frame
6 months
Title
Baseline_Dysphagia
Description
The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely
Time Frame
Baseline
Title
Within 1-month_Dysphagia
Description
The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely
Time Frame
2 or 4 weeks
Title
3-month_Dysphagia
Description
The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely
Time Frame
3 months
Title
6-month_Dysphagia
Description
The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely
Time Frame
6 months
Title
Baseline_Oral Health status
Description
The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.
Time Frame
Baseline
Title
Within 1-month_Oral Health status
Description
The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.
Time Frame
2 or 4 weeks
Title
3-month_Oral Health status
Description
The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.
Time Frame
3 months
Title
6-month_Oral Health status
Description
The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.
Time Frame
6 months

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
50 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Age 50 years or older. Medically diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (apnea and hypopnea index, AHI, ≥ 5 events per hour). Clear consciousness and able to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese. Exclusion Criteria: Central sleep apnea patients. Patients with neurological or muscular disorders (such as stroke or Parkinson's disease). Patients diagnosed with oral cancer currently undergoing oral treatment.
Central Contact Person:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
Yen-Chin Chen
Phone
+886-6-2353535
Ext
2019
Email
yenchin2427@gmail.com
Facility Information:
Facility Name
National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University
City
Tainan
ZIP/Postal Code
704
Country
Taiwan
Individual Site Status
Recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
YenChin Chen
Phone
+886-6-2353535
Ext
2019
Email
yenchin2427@gmail.com

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
No

Learn more about this trial

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Oral Frailty, Dysphagia, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

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