Jazz Music and Mindfulness for Chronic Pain

Chronic pain, including spinal pain and osteoarthritis, is the leading cause of years lived with disability world-wide and the costliest health condition in the U.S. today. Compounding these concerns, opioid analgesics remain the primary pharmacological treatment for chronic pain. An estimated 21-29% of chronic pain patients receiving long-term opioid therapy develop opioid misuse, and opioid misuse portends addiction and overdose. Clearly, chronic pain patients need better, non-addictive treatment options designed to reverse the downward spiral of chronic pain.

Group Assignments Participants will be randomized into one of three groups. Jazz Group 1: Participants in this group will watch an introduction to jazz appreciation video prior to the 4-week intervention. Jazz Group 2 (Mindful Jazz) Group: Participants in this group will watch a video on mindful listening to jazz. Music Waitlist Group: Participants in this group will serve as a control and will not receive any intervention until the study is completed. They will complete a baseline survey and a follow-up survey at four weeks. Some videos will be sent to this group after the study is completed, without tracking their usage. Intervention All groups will complete a baseline and 4-week follow-up survey. Participants in Jazz Group 1 and Jazz Group 2 will engage in daily listening 4-week intervention.They will have access to electronic audio recordings, with the order of listening labeled for each day. It is up to them if they want to listen to the daily recordings.

Jazz Group 1: Participants in this group will watch an introduction to jazz appreciation video prior to the 4-week intervention.

Jazz Group 2 (Mindful Jazz) Group: Participants in this group will watch an introduction to jazz appreciation and mindfulness training video, including the use of jazz for pain tolerance prior to the 4-week intervention.

Music Waitlist Group: Participants in this group will serve as a control and will not receive any intervention until the study is completed. They will complete a baseline survey and a follow-up survey at four weeks. Some videos will be sent to this group after the study is completed, without tracking their usage.

All groups will complete a baseline and 4-week follow-up survey. Participants in Jazz Group 1 and Jazz Group 2 will engage in daily listening 4-week intervention.It is up to them if they want to listen to the daily recordings.

All groups will complete a baseline and 4-week follow-up survey. Participants in Jazz Group 1 and Jazz Group 2 will engage in daily listening 4-week intervention.They will have access to electronic audio recordings, with the order of listening labeled for each day. The recordings will increase gradually throughout the study, starting with about 10 minutes each day in the first week and reaching 30 minutes each day in the final week. The schedule is as follows: Week 1= 10 minutes, Week 2= 15 minutes, Week 3= 20 minutes Week 4= 30 minutes. It is up to them if they want to listen to the daily recordings.

Pain self-efficacy, which refers to participants' confidence in their ability to manage pain, will be assessed using the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire.

Participants' overall satisfaction with the treatment will be measured using the Patients' Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scale.

The PEG scale will be used to assess the magnitude of pain sensations experienced by participants in the past week.

The degree of pain interference in different aspects of participants' lives will be evaluated using the PEG scale.

Inclusion Criteria: Are 18+ Live in the US Are an English-proficient adult with a chronic pain diagnosis (no restrictions placed on type) Have a pain rating of four or greater in average pain on a 0-10 numeric rating scale in the preceding week Have had pain for at least 3 months and for at least 15 days in the preceding 30 days Have moderate to severe anxiety based on GAD-7 Exclusion Criteria: Are currently using or have used prescription opioids in the past 3 months to minimize a known treatment confound and increase sample homogeneity Have a current cancer diagnosis