Effect of Daily Consumption of Vitamin B12 Fortified Yoghurt on Vitamin B12 Status in Older Adults

Inclusion Criteria: Non-smoking and apparently healthy female and male volunteers aged 50-75 years, who are comfortable speaking, reading and understanding English. Exclusion Criteria: Chronic health conditions, especially those related to B12 metabolism and the digestive tract. Chronic health conditions include diabetes, cancer, liver disease, psychiatric illnesses (depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorder, eating disorder), cardiovascular disease, renal impairment, pancreatic dysfunction, gastrointestinal diseases (such as, Crohn's disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Colitis, pernicious anemia, Celiac disease, acid indigestion, constipation, diverticulitis/ diverticulosis, gastroesophageal reflux disorder, or atrophic gastritis), total or partial gastrectomy, gastric bypass or other bariatric surgery, ileal resection or organ reconstructive surgery. Use of prescription or over-the-counter medications that may interfere with B12 status, i.e., Metformin, anti-cancer treatment, antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, antacids; the use of high-dose B12 supplements for the last 1 month (e.g., 1000ug of B12 per day); intramuscular B12 injections in the last 1 month; vitamin supplements containing B-vitamins over the past three months; or Brewer's yeast over the past three months. Individuals who are unwilling to consume one daily serving of yoghurt for 8 weeks, provide blood samples and measures of height and weight, enroll and start the study in early 2019, or come to the University of British Columbia (UBC) or the BC Children's Hospital Research Institute (BCCHRI) site for study visits. Participants with deficient or high serum total B12 concentrations (<148 and >400pmol/L) Individuals with allergies or sensitivities to any ingredients of yoghurt (i.e. dairy) Individuals who smoke or consume more than one drink containing alcohol each day