Contribution of Nasal High Flow in Pneumology Assessed in Acid-Free Hypercapnic Acute Respiratory Failure (PIRAHNA)

Inclusion Criteria: Major patient ≥ 18 years old Medical diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure less than 24 hours With partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) ≥ 45 and pH > 7.35 for less than 24hours, with no indication of Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) placement Underlying terrain of known or unknown chronic respiratory pathology (may be unknown at time of diagnosis) Examples : COPD, Bronchiectasis, Pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, sequelae pathologies … All etiologies (infectious, cardiac decompensation, trauma, etc.) Having given informed consent Patient under a social security scheme Exclusion Criteria: Restrictive chronic neuromuscular or kyphoscoliotic respiratory insufficiencies Drug-induced Acute respiratory failure Pneumothorax (X-ray pulmonary detachment) Oxygen poisoning (Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≥95%) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus 2 (COVII) Pneumonia Tracheostomy Prior treatment with chronic or initiated NIV just prior to treatment (e.g. Intensive Care Unit) Respiratory Severity Criteria for Resuscitation Management Agitation or non-cooperation Pregnancy or breastfeeding Person participating in other biomedical research Any other reason that the investigator believes may interfere with the evaluation of the study objectives Person under judicial protection (guardianship, curatorship) Person deprived of liberty by a judicial or administrative decision